| Election Name: | 1907 Spanish general election |
| Country: | Spain |
| Flag Year: | 1785 |
| Type: | parliamentary |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1905 Spanish general election |
| Previous Year: | 1905 |
| Next Election: | 1910 Spanish general election |
| Next Year: | 1910 |
| Seats For Election: | All 404 seats in the Congress of Deputies and 180 (of 360) seats in the Senate 203 seats needed for a majority in the Congress of Deputies |
| Election Date: | 21 April 1907 (Congress) 5 May 1907 (Senate) |
| Leader1: | Antonio Maura |
| Party1: | Conservative Party (Spain) |
| Leader Since1: | 1905 |
| Leaders Seat1: | Palma |
| Last Election1: | 128 53 |
| Seats1: | 256 113 |
| Seat Change1: | 128 60 |
| Leader2: | Segismundo Moret |
| Party2: | Liberal Party (Spain, 1880) |
| Leader Since2: | 1906 |
| Leaders Seat2: | Albuñol |
| Last Election2: | 226 108 |
| Seats2: | 72 25 |
| Seat Change2: | 154 83 |
| Leader3: | Nicolás Salmerón |
| Party3: | Republican |
| Leader Since3: | 1903 |
| Leaders Seat3: | Barcelona |
| Last Election3: | 25 1 |
| Seats3: | 20 3 |
| Seat Change3: | 5 2 |
| Leader4: | Matías Barrio y Mier |
| Party4: | Carlist |
| Leader Since4: | 1899 |
| Leaders Seat4: | Cervera de Pisuerga |
| Last Election4: | 4 2 |
| Seats4: | 14 6 |
| Seat Change4: | 10 4 |
| Leader5: | Enric Prat de la Riba |
| Party5: | Regionalist |
| Leader Since5: | 1902 |
| Leaders Seat5: | — |
| Last Election5: | 7 2 |
| Seats5: | 13 5 |
| Seat Change5: | 6 3 |
| Leader6: | José Canalejas |
| Party6: | Monarchist Democratic Party |
| Leader Since6: | 1902 |
| Leaders Seat6: | Alcoy |
| Last Election6: | Did not contest |
| Seats6: | 7 6 |
| Seat Change6: | 7 6 |
| Prime Minister | |
| Posttitle: | Prime Minister after election |
| Before Election: | Antonio Maura |
| Before Party: | Conservative Party (Spain) |
| After Election: | Antonio Maura |
| After Party: | Conservative Party (Spain) |
The 1907 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 21 April (for the Congress of Deputies) and on Sunday, 5 May 1907 (for the Senate), to elect the 13th Cortes of the Kingdom of Spain in the Restoration period. All 404 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 180 of 360 seats in the Senate.
Eugenio Montero Ríos had been forced to resign as prime minister in the wake of the ¡Cu-Cut! incident in November 1905. The Liberal Party then entered a period of internal turmoil in which various leaders succeeded themselves in office (namely, Segismundo Moret and José López Domínguez). The strong rivalry between Moret and José Canalejas saw the "slip of paper crisis"—which saw Moret returning to the premiership for a few days—and a transitional government being formed by Antonio Aguilar y Correa, until the Conservartive Party under Antonio Maura was tasked with the formation of a new government and the calling of a general election by King Alfonso XIII.
The election resulted in a large majority for Maura and a huge success for the Catalan Solidarity coalition, formed as a result of the political fallout in Catalonia resulting from the ¡Cu-Cut! incident and the approval of the 1906 Jurisdiction Act.
The Spanish Cortes were envisaged as "co-legislative bodies", based on a nearly perfect bicameral system. Both the Congress of Deputies and the Senate had legislative, control and budgetary functions, sharing equal powers except for laws on contributions or public credit, where the Congress had preeminence.[1] [2] Voting for the Cortes was on the basis of universal manhood suffrage, which comprised all national males over 25 years of age, having at least a two-year residency in a municipality and in full enjoyment of their civil rights.
For the Congress of Deputies, 98 seats were elected using a partial block voting system in 28 multi-member constituencies, with the remaining 306 being elected under a one-round first-past-the-post system in single-member districts. Candidates winning a plurality in each constituency were elected. In constituencies electing eight seats or more, electors could vote for no more than three candidates less than the number of seats to be allocated; in those with more than four seats and up to eight, for no more than two less; in those with more than one seat and up to four, for no more than one less; and for one candidate in single-member districts. The Congress was entitled to one member per each 50,000 inhabitants, with each multi-member constituency being allocated a fixed number of seats. Additionally, literary universities, economic societies of Friends of the Country and officially organized chambers of commerce, industry and agriculture were entitled to one seat per each 5,000 registered voters that they comprised. The law also provided for by-elections to fill seats vacated throughout the legislature.[1] [3] [4] [5]
As a result of the aforementioned allocation, each Congress multi-member constituency was entitled the following seats:[4] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13]
| Seats | Constituencies | |
|---|---|---|
| 8 | Madrid | |
| 7 | Barcelona | |
| 5 | Palma, Seville | |
| 4 | Cartagena | |
| 3 | Alicante, Almería, Badajoz, Burgos, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Jerez de la Frontera, La Coruña, Las Palmas, Lugo, Málaga, Murcia, Oviedo, Pamplona, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Santander, Tarragona, Valencia, Valladolid, Zaragoza |
For the Senate, 180 seats were indirectly elected by the local councils and major taxpayers, with electors voting for delegates instead of senators. Elected delegates—equivalent in number to one-sixth of the councillors in each local council—would then vote for senators using a write-in, two-round majority voting system. The provinces of Barcelona, Madrid and Valencia were allocated four seats each, whereas each of the remaining provinces was allocated three seats, for a total of 150. The remaining 30 were allocated to special districts comprising a number of institutions, electing one seat each—the archdioceses of Burgos, Granada, Santiago de Compostela, Seville, Tarragona, Toledo, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza; the Royal Spanish Academy; the royal academies of History, Fine Arts of San Fernando, Exact and Natural Sciences, Moral and Political Sciences and Medicine; the universities of Madrid, Barcelona, Granada, Oviedo, Salamanca, Santiago, Seville, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza; and the economic societies of Friends of the Country from Madrid, Barcelona, León, Seville and Valencia. An additional 180 seats comprised senators in their own right—the Monarch's offspring and the heir apparent once coming of age; Grandees of Spain of the first class; Captain Generals of the Army and the Navy Admiral; the Patriarch of the Indies and archbishops; and the presidents of the Council of State, the Supreme Court, the Court of Auditors, the Supreme War Council and the Supreme Council of the Navy, after two years of service—as well as senators for life (who were appointed by the Monarch).[1] [14] [15]
The term of each chamber of the Cortes—the Congress and one-half of the elective part of the Senate—expired five years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier. The previous Congress and Senate elections were held on 10 September and 24 September 1905, which meant that the legislature's terms would have expired on 10 September and 24 September 1910, respectively. The monarch had the prerogative to dissolve both chambers at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a snap election.[1] [4] [14] There was no constitutional requirement for simultaneous elections for the Congress and the Senate, nor for the elective part of the Senate to be renewed in its entirety except in the case that a full dissolution was agreed by the monarch. Still, there was only one case of a separate election (for the Senate in 1877) and no half-Senate elections taking place under the 1876 Constitution.
The Cortes were officially dissolved on 30 March 1907, with the dissolution decree setting the election dates for 21 April (for the Congress) and 5 May 1907 (for the Senate) and scheduling for both chambers to reconvene on 13 May.[16]
| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ||||
| Liberal Conservative Party (PLC) | 256 | ||||
| Liberal Party (PL) | 72 | ||||
| Republican Union Party (PUR) | 20 | ||||
| Traditionalist Communion (Carlist) (CT) | 14 | ||||
| Regionalist League (LR) | 13 | ||||
| Federal Republican Party (PRF) | 9 | ||||
| Monarchist Democratic Party (PDM) | 7 | ||||
| Republican Nationalist Centre (CNR) | 4 | ||||
| Integrist Party (PI) | 3 | ||||
| Anti-Solidarity Republicans (RAS) | 2 | ||||
| Independents (INDEP) | 4 | ||||
| Total | 404 | ||||
| Votes cast / turnout | |||||
| Abstentions | |||||
| Registered voters | |||||
| Sources[17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] | |||||
| Parties and alliances | Seats | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal Conservative Party (PLC) | 113 | ||
| Liberal Party (PL) | 25 | ||
| Traditionalist Communion (Carlist) (CT) | 6 | ||
| Monarchist Democratic Party (PDM) | 6 | ||
| Regionalist League (LR) | 5 | ||
| Integrist Party (PI) | 4 | ||
| Republican Union Party (PUR) | 3 | ||
| Federal Republican Party (PRF) | 3 | ||
| Anti-Solidarity Republicans (RAS) | 1 | ||
| Independents (INDEP) | 5 | ||
| Archbishops (ARCH) | 9 | ||
| Total elective seats | 180 | ||
| Sources[28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] | |||
| Group | Parties and alliances | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PLC | Liberal Conservative Party (PLC) | 254 | 110 | 369 | |||
| Basque Dynastics (Urquijist) (DV) | 1 | 2 | |||||
| Anti-Liberal Catholic Alliance (ACA) | 1 | 1 | |||||
| PL | Liberal Party (PL) | 72 | 25 | 97 | |||
| PUR | Republican Union Party (PUR) | 15 | 1 | 23 | |||
| Catalan Solidarity (SC) | 5 | 2 | |||||
| CT | Catalan Solidarity (SC) | 6 | 3 | 20 | |||
| Anti-Liberal Catholic Alliance (ACA) | 5 | 1 | |||||
| Traditionalist Communion (Carlist) (CT) | 3 | 2 | |||||
| LR | Catalan Solidarity (SC) | 13 | 5 | 18 | |||
| PDM | Monarchist Democratic Party (PDM) | 7 | 6 | 13 | |||
| PRF | Catalan Solidarity (SC) | 9 | 3 | 12 | |||
| PI | Integrist Party (PI) | 2 | 1 | 7 | |||
| Anti-Liberal Catholic Alliance (ACA) | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Catholic League (LC) | 0 | 1 | |||||
| Catalan Solidarity (SC) | 0 | 1 | |||||
| CNR | Catalan Solidarity (SC) | 4 | 0 | 4 | |||
| RAS | Republican Union Party (PUR) | 2 | 1 | 3 | |||
| INDEP | Independents (INDEP) | 2 | 4 | 9 | |||
| Independent Catholics (CAT) | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Catalan Solidarity (SC) | 1 | 0 | |||||
| ARCH | Archbishops (ARCH) | 0 | 9 | 9 | |||
| Total | 404 | 180 | 584 | ||||