Spanioneura fonscolombii explained

Spanioneura fonscolombii, is a species of plant-parasitic psyllid in the family Psyllidae which feed on box (Buxus sempervirens). It was first described by Arnold Förster in 1848 and is found in Europe. It is also found in the United States of America where it was accidentally introduced.

Description

A distinctive green psyllid which specialises on box (Buxus sempervirens). It has elongated pointed forewings with yellowish cells with dark spots at the apices of four cells and the veins of the wings are yellow and/or green. The antennae are orange with a dark tip.^[1]

GallsThere is some dispute as to whether the bug causes galls on the leaves of its food plant. Plant Parasites of Europe claims that adults and larvae live freely on the leaves without causing any galling, while in the literature of the British Plant Gall Society there are small, pale, cabbage-like clusters at the tips of the shoots of box. The affected leaves are thicker than normal leaves, are strongly concave and shelter numerous pale-green nymphs, which are coated in a white wax. The nymphs mature and leave the plant in late summer and lay eggs, which overwinter on the shoots and leaves. Alternatively the imago (adult) overwinters on the host plant.^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}

Similar species

Another psyllid, the Boxwood psyllid (Psylla buxi), is also associated with box but can be distinguished from S. fonscolombii by the tip of the abdomen, which is orange and lacks dark spots and yellowing on the wing cells.^[5]

Distribution

Spanioneura fonscolombii is found in Belgium, France, Great Britain, Italy, Luxembourg, Romania, Spain and Switzerland. It has been accidentally introduced to the United States of America.^{[6] [7]}

Notes and References

1. Web site: Spanioneura fonscolombii . British Bugs . 9 April 2021.
2. Web site: Ellis . W N . Spanioneura fonscolombei Foerster, 1848 . Plant Parasites of Europe . 10 April 2021.
3. Book: Chinery. Michael. Michael Chinery. Britain's Plant Galls. 2011. WildGuides Ltd. Old Basing, Hampshire. 978-190365743-0. 37.
4. Book: Redfern . Margaret . Shirley . Peter . Boxham . Michael . British Plant Galls . 2011 . Field Study Council . Shrewsbury . 978-185153-284-1. 63 . Second.
5. Web site: Psylla buxi Boxwood Psyllid . British Bugs . 10 April 2021.
6. Web site: Spanioneura fonscolombii Foerster, 1848 . Fauna Europaea . 9 April 2021.
7. Web site: Manci . Cosmin . Spanioneura fonscolombii (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) a new jumping plant-lice for Romania fauna . ResearchGate . 2018 . 10 April 2021.