Spalgis epius explained

Spalgis epius,[1] commonly known as the apefly, is a small species of butterfly found in the Indomalayan realm that belongs to the lycaenids or blues family.[2] [3] It gets its name from the supposed resemblance of its pupa to the face of an ape.

Description

Male

Upperside: dull brown, slightly darker towards the apex of the forewing; also a more or less quadrate whitish spot beyond the apex of the cell on the same wing; in some specimens this spot is slightly diffuse. Underside: pale, silky, brownish white; forewings and hindwings crossed by numerous, very slender, short, sinuous, transverse, dark brown strigae which are outwardly slenderly edged with brownish white of a shade paler than that of the ground colour; both wings with an anteciliary dark brown line with on the inner side a similar edging. Forewing, in addition, with an oval white spot beyond the cell. Cilia of both forewings and hindwings of the same shade as the ground colour of the wings. Antenna, head, thorax and abdomen pale brown, club of antennae ochraceous at apex; beneath: the palpi and thorax brownish grey, abdomen pale brown.

Female

Upperside: slightly paler brown. Forewing: the cell and apex darker; a white spot similar to that in the male but larger, beyond the apex of the cell; in most specimens extended diffusely outwards and downwards. Hindwing: similar to that of the male. Underside: precisely as in the male.

Life cycle

The caterpillars of this butterfly, like other members of the subfamily Miletinae, are entomophagous and are predators of scale insects like mealybugs.[4] [5] The species unlike many other lycaenid butterflies is not myrmecophilous (it has no mutualistic associations with ants).[6]

Subspecies

Cited references

  1. Book: The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera: comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habits and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus. Doubleday. Edward. Westwood. John Obadiah. John O. Westwood. Edward Doubleday. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. 1851. London. 502.
  2. Book: A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India . Varshney . R. K. . Smetacek. Peter. Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal & Indinov Publishing . 2015. 978-81-929826-4-9. New Delhi. 91. 10.13140/RG.2.1.3966.2164.
  3. Web site: Savela . Markku . September 25, 2016 . Spalgis epius (Westwood, 1852) . Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms . January 15, 2020.
  4. 2018-04-10 . Larval host plants of the butterflies of the Western Ghats, India. Ravikanthachari . Nitin . V.C. . Balakrishnan . Paresh V. . Churi . S. . Kalesh . Satya . Prakash . Krushnamegh . Kunte . amp . Journal of Threatened Taxa . 10 . 4 . 11495–11550 . 10.11609/jott.3104.10.4.11495-11550. free .
  5. Venkatesha . M. G. . L. . Shashikumar . S. S. . Gayathri Devi . amp . 2004 . Protective devices of the carnivorous butterfly, Spalgis epius (Westwood) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) . https://web.archive.org/web/20110716051734/http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/sep102004/571.pdf . dead . 2011-07-16 . Current Science . 87 . 5 . 571–572 . Internet Archive.
  6. Venkatesha, M. G. (2005). "Why is homopterophagous butterfly, Spalgis epius (Westwood) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) amyrmecophilous?". Current Science. 89 (2): 245–246. – via Internet Archive.

See also

References

External links

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