Spaghetti (pronounced as /it/) is a long, thin, solid, cylindrical pasta.[1] It is a staple food of traditional Italian cuisine.[2] Like other pasta, spaghetti is made of milled wheat, water, and sometimes enriched with vitamins and minerals. Italian spaghetti is typically made from durum-wheat semolina.[3] Usually the pasta is white because refined flour is used, but whole wheat flour may be added.[4] Spaghettoni is a thicker form of spaghetti, while spaghettini is a thinner form. Capellini is a very thin spaghetti, while vermicelli refers to intermediate thicknesses.
Originally, spaghetti was notably long, but shorter lengths gained in popularity during the latter half of the 20th century and now it is most commonly available in 25- lengths. A variety of pasta dishes are based on it and it is frequently served with tomato sauce, meat or vegetables.
Spaghetti is the plural form of the Italian word spaghetto, which is a diminutive of spago, meaning 'thin string' or 'twine'.
The first written record of pasta comes from the Talmud in the 5th century AD and refers to dried pasta that could be cooked through boiling,[5] which was conveniently portable.[6] Some historians think that Arabs introduced pasta to Europe during a conquest of Sicily. In the West, it may have first been worked into long, thin forms in Sicily around the 12th century, as the Tabula Rogeriana of Muhammad al-Idrisi attested, reporting some traditions about the Kingdom of Sicily.[7]
The popularity of spaghetti spread throughout Italy after the establishment of spaghetti factories in the 19th century, enabling the mass production of spaghetti for the Italian market.[8]
Spaghetti is made from ground grain (flour) and water.[9] Whole-wheat and multigrain spaghetti are also available.
Pasta can be made at home, cutting sheets of flattened dough with a knife into ribbons,[10] rather than spaghetti with circular cross-section. Some pasta machines have a spaghetti attachment with circular holes that extrude spaghetti, or shaped rollers that form cylindrical noodles.[11]
Spaghetti can be made by hand by manually rolling a ball of dough on a surface to make a long sausage shape. The ends of the sausage are pulled apart to make a long thin sausage. The ends are brought together and the loop pulled to make two long sausages. The process is repeated until the pasta is sufficiently thin. The pasta knobs at each end are cut off leaving many strands which may be hung up to dry.[12]
Fresh spaghetti is usually cooked within hours of being formed. Commercial versions of fresh spaghetti are manufactured.[13]
The bulk of dried spaghetti is produced in factories using auger extruders. While essentially simple, the process requires attention to detail to ensure that the mixing and kneading of the ingredients produces a homogeneous mix, without air bubbles. The forming dies have to be water cooled to prevent spoiling of the pasta by overheating. Drying of the newly formed spaghetti has to be carefully controlled to prevent strands sticking together, and to leave it with sufficient moisture so that it is not too brittle. Packaging for protection and display has developed from paper wrapping to plastic bags and boxes.[14]
Fresh or dry spaghetti is cooked in a large pot of salted, boiling water and then drained in a colander (it|scolapasta).
In Italy, spaghetti is generally cooked al dente, fully cooked but still firm to the bite. It may also be cooked to a softer consistency.
Spaghettoni is a thicker spaghetti which takes more time to cook. Spaghettini is a thinner form which takes less time to cook. Capellini is a very thin form of spaghetti which cooks very quickly.
Utensils used in spaghetti preparation include the spaghetti scoop and spaghetti tongs.
See main article: List of pasta dishes.
An emblem of Italian cuisine, spaghetti is frequently served with tomato sauce, which may contain various herbs (especially oregano and basil), olive oil, meat, or vegetables. Other spaghetti preparations include amatriciana or carbonara. Grated hard cheeses, such as pecorino romano, Parmesan, and Grana Padano, are often sprinkled on top.
Below are some of the most important spaghetti dishes:
In the Philippines, a popular variant is the Filipino spaghetti, which is distinctively sweet with the tomato sauce sweetened with banana ketchup or sugar. It typically uses a large amount of giniling (ground meat), sliced hot dogs, and cheese. The dish dates back to the period between the 1940s to the 1960s. During the American Commonwealth Period, a shortage of tomato supplies in the Second World War forced the development of the banana ketchup.[18] [19] [20] Spaghetti was introduced by the Americans and was tweaked to suit the local Filipino predilection for sweet dishes.[21]
Sapaketti phat khi mao (spaghetti fried drunken noodle style) is a popular dish in Thai cuisine.[22]
Spaghetti is a main part of laksa Johor, a specialty from Johor, Malaysia.[23]
By 1955, annual consumption of spaghetti in Italy doubled from 14kg (31lb) per person before World War II to 280NaN0.[24] By that year, Italy produced 1,432,990 tons of spaghetti, of which 74,000 were exported, and had a production capacity of 3 million tons.
| Spaghetti (enriched, dry) | |
| Kj: | 460 |
| Carbs: | 22g |
| Sugars: | 0g |
| Fiber: | 1g |
| Fat: | 0.5g |
| Satfat: | 0g |
| Transfat: | 0g |
| Protein: | 4g |
| Vita Ug: | 0 |
| Vitc Mg: | 0 |
| Calcium Mg: | 0 |
| Iron Mg: | 4 |
| Sodium Mg: | 0 |
| Note: | Source: USDA[25] |
Pasta provides carbohydrates, along with some protein, iron, dietary fiber, potassium, and B vitamins.[26] Pasta prepared with whole wheat grain provides more dietary fiber[26] than that prepared with degermed flour.
Poorly structured computer source code is often described as spaghetti code.[27]
In women's clothing, very thin straps supporting a dress or topwear are called "spaghetti straps".[28]
The term spaghetti Western was used by American critics and those in other countries because most of the Western movies made in Europe were produced and directed by Italians.[29]
In the 1955 animated movie Lady and the Tramp, the sequence of the title characters sharing a plate of spaghetti—climaxed by an accidental kiss as they swallow opposite ends of the same strand of spaghetti—is considered an iconic scene in American film history.[30]
The BBC television program Panorama featured a hoax program about the spaghetti harvest in Switzerland on April Fools' Day in 1957.[31]