Soyuz 7K-TM should not be confused with Soyuz-TM.
| Soyuz 7K-TM | |
| Manufacturer: | OKB-1 |
| Country: | Soviet Union |
| Applications: | Crewed spacecraft |
| Orbits: | Low Earth |
| Operator: | Soviet space program |
| Derivedfrom: | Soyuz 7K-T |
| Derivatives: | Soyuz 7K-S Soyuz 7K-ST Soyuz 7K-MF6 |
| Status: | Retired |
| Launched: | 5 |
| Retired: | 5 |
| First: | 3 April 1974 Kosmos 638 |
| Last: | 15 September 1976 Soyuz 22 |
| Autoconvert: | off |
| Dimensions: |
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The 1975 Apollo–Soyuz Test Project version of the Soyuz spacecraft (Soyuz 7K-TM) served as a technological bridge to the third generation Soyuz-T (T - транспортный, Transportnyi meaning transport) spacecraft (1976–1986).
The Soyuz ASTP spacecraft was designed for use during the Apollo Soyuz Test Project as Soyuz 19. It featured design changes to increase compatibility with the American craft. The Soyuz ASTP featured new solar panels for increased mission length, an APAS-75 docking mechanism instead of the standard male mechanism, and modifications to the environmental control system to lower the cabin pressure to 0.68 atmospheres (69 kPa) prior to docking with Apollo. The ASTP Soyuz backup craft flew as the Soyuz 22 mission, replacing the docking port with a camera.
See main article: List of Soviet human spaceflight missions. There are only five spaceflights of the Soyuz 7K-TM spacecraft, mostly in support for the joint US-Soviet Apollo–Soyuz mission. Excess hardware that flew on its final flight (Soyuz 22) were sometimes referred to its own unique configuration called the Soyuz 7K-MF6
| Mission | Crew | Launch | Landing | Duration | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None | 3 Apr 1974 | 13 Apr 1974 | First test flight of the APAS-75 docking system | |||
| None | 12 Aug 1974 | 18 Aug 1974 | Second test flight of the APAS-75 docking system | |||
| 2 Dec 1974 | 8 Dec 1974 | Third and final dress rehearsal of testing the APAS-75 docking system for the subsequent ASTP mission | ||||
| 15 Jul 1975 | 21 Jul 1975 | Part of the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project, the first international crewed spaceflight in history | ||||
| 15 Sept 1976 | 23 Sept 1976 | Earth sciences and (possibly a) reconnaissance mission. Final crewed Soyuz spaceflight to not visit a space station |