South Korean won (1945–1953) explained

Local Name1:대한민국 원
Local Name Lang1:ko
Local Name Lang2:ko
Local Name2:大韓民國圓
Using Countries: Korea under American control
Subunit Name 1:jeon (전/錢)
No Plural:Y
Pegged With:US dollar
Symbol Comment:None, the currency was referred to by using the hanja character Korean: [[wikt:圓|圓]]
Used Banknotes:5, 10, 20, 50 jeon
1, 5, 10, 100, 500, 1000 won
Used Coins:Japanese 1 sen
Issuing Authority:Bank of Joseon (1945-1950)
Bank of Korea (1950-1953)
Printer:National Printing Bureau (~ 1951)
Korea Minting and Security Printing Corporation (1951 ~)
Obsolete:yes

The won was the first South Korean currency and was in use from August 15, 1945, to February 15, 1953.

Etymology

See main article: Etymology of the Korean currencies. Won is a cognate of the Chinese yuan and Japanese yen. The won was subdivided into 100 jeon (전; 錢; McCune-Reischauer: chŏn; revised: jeon).

History

See main article: History of the Korean currencies. Following the end of the Colonial Era and the division of Korea, the won was introduced to replace the Korean yen. The first banknotes were issued by the Bank of Joseon until 1950, when the currency management switched to the Bank of Korea.

At the time of its introduction in 1945 the won was pegged to the Japanese yen at a rate of 1 won = 1 yen. In October of the same year the anchor currency was changed to the US dollar at a rate of 15 won = 1 dollar. Toward the end of the Korean War the won was devalued at 6000 won = 1 dollar.[1] Following that the hwan was introduced as the new currency at a rate of 1 hwan = 100 won.

Coins

No coins were issued by South Korea during this period; however, Japanese 1 sen coins continued to be used for small transactions until February 1953.[2] South Korea would eventually introduce its first coins for circulation in 1959.

Banknotes

Bank of Joseon issued notes

The won was subdivided into 100 jeon. Only banknotes were issued. Initially, the won was issued by Bank of Joseon with a similar design to the older notes of the Japanese occupation period. However, there were two subtle and important differences. The new notes replaced the paulownia, the badge of the government of Japan, with the Rose of Sharon, South Korea's national flower; and the clause about exchangeability with the Japanese yen was removed.

Bank of Joseon issued notes
Value
5 jeon
10 jeon
20 jeon
50 jeon
1 won
5 won
10 won
100 won

Bank of Korea issued notes

On June 12, 1950, the Bank of Korea was established and assumed the duties of Bank of Joseon. The Bank of Joseon's notes were still kept in circulation as not all denominations were replaced by the Bank of Korea's notes.

Bank of Korea issued notes https://web.archive.org/web/20070316000043/http://www.bok.or.kr/template/main/html/index.jsp?tbl=tbl_FM0000000066_CA0000000505
Image Value Dimensions Main Color Description Date of Printer
Obverse Reverse Obverse Reverse issue withdrawal
100 won158 × 78 mmbrownGwanghwamunValueJuly 22, 1950February 17, 1953National Printing Bureau (Japan)
500 won145 × 61 mmblueSyngman RheePagoda Gongweon in SeoulOctober 10, 1952KOMSEP
1000 won171 × 78 mmgreenValueJuly 22, 1950National Printing Bureau
145 × 61 mmbluePagoda Gongweon in SeoulOctober 10, 1952KOMSEP

See also

References

  1. Web site: Tables of modern monetary history: Asia. December 7, 2006. Kurt Schuler. 2004-02-29. Currency Boards and Dollarization.
  2. Web site: https://www.bok.or.kr/portal/main/contents.do?menuNo=200380. ko:화폐연대자료, 1953년~1962년. June 21, 2023. Bank of Korea. Bank of Korea. korean. 1953년 2월 17일부터(...) 그 동안(...) 통용되어 오던(...) 일본정부의 소액보조화폐(1錢주화)의 유통도 전면 중지하고..." → Translation: "As of 17 February 1953, the 1 sen coin (a small-denomination coin issued by the Japanese government), which had been in use during this period, ceased to circulate.... Note that the English version of this page erroneously translates 1 sen as "1-jeon", and omits the 17 February date.

External links