South Chahar Autonomous Government Explained

Native Name:(Japanese, Chinese)



(Mongolian)
Conventional Long Name:South Chahar Autonomous Government
Common Name:Chahar
Status:Puppet state of Imperial Japan
Status Text:Puppet state of the Empire of Japan
Empire:Japan
Coa Size:100px
Title Leader:Supreme Committee members
Year Leader1:1937–1939
Title Deputy:Chief Adviser
Year Deputy1:1937–1939
P1:Republic of China (1912–49)Republic of China
Flag P1:Flag of the Republic of China.svg
S1:Mengjiang
Flag S1:Flag of the Mengjiang.svg
Image Map Caption:A map of the United Mongol Autonomous Government featuring the state
Capital:Kalgan
Common Languages:
Government Type:Military dictatorship
Era:
Event Pre:Kalgan captured
Date Pre:27 August 1937
Event Start:Established
Date Start:4 September
Year Start:1937
Event End:Part of Mengjiang
Date End:1 September
Year End:1939
Stat Pop1:2,000,000[1] [2]
Currency:Mengjiang yuan
Today:China
National Motto:Chinese: 日察如一、剷除共黨、民族協和、民生向上
Englishmotto:Japanese-Chahar Unity, Eradication of Communist Forces, Ethnic Coordination, Improvement of People's Lives

The South Chahar Autonomous Government was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan, as well as an administratively autonomous component of Mengjiang from its creation in 1937 to its complete merger in 1939. Following the Japanese invasion of China in July 1937, regional governments were established in Japanese-occupied territories.[3] After Operation Chahar in September 1937, which extended Japanese control to northern Shanxi region, more formal control of the area was established through the creation of the North Shanxi Autonomous Government, as well as the South Chahar Autonomous Government to the east of Shanxi.

History

On August 27, 1937, the Kwantung Army occupied Kalgan, the capital of the Chahar Province of the Republic of China. Sir Yu Pinqing, who was an executive member of the Zhangjiakou Shokai, was invited by the Japanese Army and appointed as a member of the Zhangjiaguchi Security Maintenance Committee based there. On September 4, the South Chahar Autonomous Government was established by the Zhangjiakou Security Maintenance Association. Kalgan was chosen as the capital (since it already functioned as a provisional one), and 10 prefectures in the southern part of Chahar Province (Xuanhua County, Wanquan County, Huai'an County, Zhuolu County, Yu County, Yangyuan County, Chicheng County, Ryuseki County, Enkei County, Huailai County) were absorbed into it.[4]

In addition to the South Chahar Autonomous Government, the Mongol United Autonomous Government and the North Shanxi Autonomous Government were established in the Mengjiang area at the same time. These three autonomous governments established the Mongolian Union Committee to facilitate each other's integration. However, this committee did not function well. Therefore, in September 1939, the three governments were merged into the newly established Mengjiang United Autonomous Government. At the same time, the South Chahar Autonomous Government was reorganized as the South Chahar Government Office and incorporated into the administrative divisions of the new government, and the South Chahar's Government Office was renamed to the Ministry of Xuanhua in 1943.[5]

Politics

In the South Chahar Autonomous Government, two supreme members elected from the political affairs committee played the role of administrative leaders. In addition, there were departments of the General Affairs Office, the Civil Affairs Agency, the Finance Agency, the National Safety Agency, and the Civil Affairs Agency, and the director was appointed as the head of each department. In addition, Japanese people were dispatched to each department of the autonomous government as advisors so that they could interfere with the country's administration, further solidifying the country's status as a Japanese puppet state.[6]

People

The key people in the Chahar government were as follows:[7] [8] [9]

See also

References

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Notes and References

  1. http://www.jguo.cn/article-13108-1.html 抗日戰爭時期的那些僞政權,家國網,2012-7-31
  2. Book: 2002 . Reorganized National Government of Japan . Chinese Fumifumi Publishing Co., Ltd. . Beijing . Chinese . 640.
  3. http://www.jguo.cn/article-13108-1.html 抗日戰爭時期的那些僞政權,家國網,2012-7-31
  4. http://www.handannews.com.cn/epaper/handwb/html/2010-10/01/content_1650625.htm?div=-1 跨越二百六十五年的課本記憶,邯鄲日報,2010年10月1日
  5. http://www.jguo.cn/article-13108-1.html 抗日戰爭時期的那些僞政權,家國網,2012-7-31
  6. http://www.jguo.cn/article-13108-1.html 抗日戰爭時期的那些僞政權,家國網,2012-7-31
  7. Book: Liu Ji Lin . etal . 1995 . Civilian Official Chronology . Zhonghua Publishing Company . Beijing . Chinese . 1227.
  8. Book: History of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region . Inner Mongolia People's Publishing House . 363.
  9. Book: 1987 . Dictionary of Modern Chinese History . Modern China Publishing House . 3 . Chinese . 100.
  10. Book: Liu Shoulin . etal . The Chronology of Officials in the Republic of China . The Research Center for Historical Materials of the Republic of China . 北京 . 2 . Chinese.
  11. Book: Chronicles of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region: Government Chronicles . Inner Mongolia People's Publishing House . Chinese.