| South Carolina General Assembly | |
| Coa Pic: | Seal of South Carolina.svg |
| Coa Caption: | Great Seal of the State of South Carolina |
| Session Room: | SC State House at evening.jpg |
| House Type: | Bicameral |
| Houses: | Senate House of Representatives |
| Leader1 Type: | President of the Senate |
| Leader1: | Thomas Alexander |
| Party1: | (R) |
| Election1: | December 6, 2021 |
| Leader3 Type: | Speaker of the House |
| Leader3: | Murrell Smith |
| Party3: | (R) |
| Election3: | May 12, 2022 |
| House1: | Senate |
| House2: | House |
| Members: | 170 voting members: 46 Senators 124 Representatives |
| Political Groups1: | Republican (30) Democratic (15) Independent (1) |
| Political Groups2: | Republican (88) Democratic (36)[1] |
| Last Election1: | November 2020 |
| Last Election2: | November 2022 |
| Meeting Place: | South Carolina State House Columbia |
| Website: | South Carolina Legislature |
| Constitution: | Constitution of South Carolina |
The South Carolina General Assembly, also called the South Carolina Legislature, is the state legislature of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The legislature is bicameral and consists of the lower South Carolina House of Representatives and the upper South Carolina Senate. All together, the General Assembly consists of 170 members. The legislature convenes at the State House in Columbia.
Prior to the 1964 federal Reynolds v. Sims decision by the U.S. Supreme Court, each county doubled as a legislative district, with each county electing one senator and at least one representative. Moreover, each county's General Assembly delegation also doubled as its county council, as the state constitution made no provision for local government.
The "one man, one vote" provision of Reynolds v. Sims[2] caused district lines to cross county lines, causing legislators to be on multiple county councils. This led to the passage of the Home Rule Act of 1975, which created county councils that were independent of the General Assembly. However, the General Assembly still retains considerable authority over local government. As a result, the legislature still devotes considerable time to local matters, and county legislative delegations still handle many matters that are handled by county governments in the rest of the country.[3]
There are 124 members of the South Carolina House of Representatives, who are elected every two years, and the South Carolina Senate has 46 members, elected every four years concurrent to the presidential election. For both houses, there are no term limits. The General Assembly meets in joint session to elect judges, with all 170 members having an equal vote in such elections.
The main role of the South Carolina General Assembly is to pass laws "as the common good may require."[4] In order for a bill to become law, both the Senate and House of Representatives must vote to pass the bill by a simple majority. Then the bill must be sent to the governor. If the governor vetoes the bill, both houses can either sustain the veto or override the veto. Veto overrides require a two-thirds majority. Once he receives the bill, if the governor neither signs nor vetoes the bill, it becomes law after five days, Sundays excluded.[5]
According to the South Carolina Constitution, no person may serve as a senator who:[6]
According to the South Carolina Constitution, no person may serve as a representative who:[7]
| Year | Senate Majority | House Majority | Governor Control |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1868 | Republican | Republican | Republican |
| 1870 | |||
| 1872 | |||
| 1874 | |||
| 1876 | Democratic | Democratic | |
| 1878 | Democratic | ||
| 1880 | |||
| 1882 | |||
| 1884 | |||
| 1886 | |||
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| 1890 | |||
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| 1924 | |||
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| 1930 | |||
| 1934 | |||
| 1938 | |||
| 1942 | |||
| 1946 | |||
| 1950 | |||
| 1954 | |||
| 1958 | |||
| 1962 | |||
| 1966 | |||
| 1970 | |||
| 1974 | Republican | ||
| 1978 | Democratic | ||
| 1982 | |||
| 1986 | Republican | ||
| 1990 | |||
| 1994 | Republican | ||
| 1998 | Republican | Democratic | |
| 2002 | Republican | ||
| 2006 | |||
| 2010 | |||
| 2014 | |||
| 2018 | |||
| 2022 | |||
| 2024 | |||
| 2026 | TBD |