South Carolina General Assembly Explained

South Carolina General Assembly
Coa Pic:Seal of South Carolina.svg
Coa Caption:Great Seal of the State of South Carolina
Session Room:SC State House at evening.jpg
House Type:Bicameral
Houses:Senate
House of Representatives
Leader1 Type:President of the Senate
Leader1:Thomas Alexander
Party1:(R)
Election1:December 6, 2021
Leader3 Type:Speaker of the House
Leader3:Murrell Smith
Party3:(R)
Election3:May 12, 2022
House1:Senate
House2:House
Members:170 voting members:
46 Senators
124 Representatives
Political Groups1: Republican (30)
 Democratic (15)
 Independent (1)
Political Groups2: Republican (88)
Democratic (36)[1]
Last Election1:November 2020
Last Election2:November 2022
Meeting Place:South Carolina State House
Columbia
Website:South Carolina Legislature
Constitution:Constitution of South Carolina

The South Carolina General Assembly, also called the South Carolina Legislature, is the state legislature of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The legislature is bicameral and consists of the lower South Carolina House of Representatives and the upper South Carolina Senate. All together, the General Assembly consists of 170 members. The legislature convenes at the State House in Columbia.

Prior to the 1964 federal Reynolds v. Sims decision by the U.S. Supreme Court, each county doubled as a legislative district, with each county electing one senator and at least one representative. Moreover, each county's General Assembly delegation also doubled as its county council, as the state constitution made no provision for local government.

The "one man, one vote" provision of Reynolds v. Sims[2] caused district lines to cross county lines, causing legislators to be on multiple county councils. This led to the passage of the Home Rule Act of 1975, which created county councils that were independent of the General Assembly. However, the General Assembly still retains considerable authority over local government. As a result, the legislature still devotes considerable time to local matters, and county legislative delegations still handle many matters that are handled by county governments in the rest of the country.[3]

There are 124 members of the South Carolina House of Representatives, who are elected every two years, and the South Carolina Senate has 46 members, elected every four years concurrent to the presidential election. For both houses, there are no term limits. The General Assembly meets in joint session to elect judges, with all 170 members having an equal vote in such elections.

Role

The main role of the South Carolina General Assembly is to pass laws "as the common good may require."[4] In order for a bill to become law, both the Senate and House of Representatives must vote to pass the bill by a simple majority. Then the bill must be sent to the governor. If the governor vetoes the bill, both houses can either sustain the veto or override the veto. Veto overrides require a two-thirds majority. Once he receives the bill, if the governor neither signs nor vetoes the bill, it becomes law after five days, Sundays excluded.[5]

Qualifications

Senators

According to the South Carolina Constitution, no person may serve as a senator who:[6]

Representatives

According to the South Carolina Constitution, no person may serve as a representative who:[7]

Officers

House of Representatives

Historic party control

Statehouse Party Control since 1868
YearSenate
Majority
House
Majority
Governor
Control
1868 Republican Republican Republican
1870
1872
1874
1876DemocraticDemocratic
1878Democratic
1880
1882
1884
1886
1888
1890
1892
1894
1896
1898
1900
1902
1904
1906
1908
1910
1912
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1930
1934
1938
1942
1946
1950
1954
1958
1962
1966
1970
1974Republican
1978Democratic
1982
1986Republican
1990
1994Republican
1998RepublicanDemocratic
2002Republican
2006
2010
2014
2018
2022
2024
2026TBD

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: South Carolina Legislature Online - House of Representatives.
  2. Web site: Reynolds v. Sims 377 U.S. 533 (1964). Justia Law. 2016-05-12.
  3. Web site: Scoppe: The Home Rule Act that didn't really allow home rule. thestate. 2016-05-12.
  4. Web site: ARTICLE III LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT . scstathouse.gov . South Carolina Legislature . 4 August 2022.
  5. Web site: ARTICLE IV EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT . scstatehouse.gov . South Carolina Legislature . 4 August 2022.
  6. Web site: ARTICLE III LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT . scstathouse.gov . South Carolina Legislature . 4 August 2022.
  7. Web site: ARTICLE III LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT . scstathouse.gov . South Carolina Legislature . 4 August 2022.