South Asian cinema explained
South Asian cinema refers to the cinema of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.[1] [2] [3] The broader terms Asian cinema, Eastern cinema and Oriental cinema in common usage often encompass South Asia as well as East Asia and Southeast Asia.[2]
Cinema is prominent in South Asia, with the Bollywood (representing the most-spoken language in the region of Hindi) and South Indian film industries being the most dominant.[4] [5] Pakistan's Lollywood also is growing,[6] while historically, Bengali cinema was highly acclaimed by international film circles.[7] [8]
Styles and genres
The scope of South Asian cinema is huge and takes in a wide array of different film styles, linguistic regions, and genres. South Asian cinema is particularly famous in the West for:
Regional industries
Bangladeshi cinema
See main article: Cinema of Bangladesh. Bangladeshi cinema, is the Bengali language film industry based in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The industry often generally referred to as Dhakai Cinema or Dhallywood, has been a significant film industry since the early 1970s. The 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and the first half of the 1990s were the golden years for Bangladeshi films as the industry produced many successful films. The industry has recently begun receiving international acclaim and many Bangladeshi films are getting released internationally.
Indian cinema
See main article: Cinema of India. India contains many state languages which have film industries centered on them.
- Assamese cinema, the Assamese-language film industry based in Guwahati, Assam.
- Bengali cinema, popularly known as "Tollywood", the Bengali-language film industry based in Kolkata, West Bengal and the state of Tripura.
- Bhojpuri cinema, the Bhojpuri-language film industry based in the state of Bihar.
- Chhattisgarhi cinema, the Chhattisgarhi-language film industry based in the state of Chhattisgarh.
- Dogri cinema, the Dogri-language film industry based in Jammu and Kashmir.
- Gujarati cinema, the Gujarati-language film industry based in Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
- Haryanvi cinema, the Haryanvi-language film industry based in the state of Haryana.
- Hindi cinema, popularly known as "Bollywood", the Hindi-language film industry based in Mumbai, Maharashtra.
- Kannada cinema, popularly known as "Sandalwood", the Kannada-language film industry based in Bangalore, Karnataka.
- Kashmiri cinema, the Kashmiri-language film industry based in Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh.
- Malayalam cinema, popularly known as "Mollywood", the Malayalam-language film industry based in Kochi, Kerala and Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.
- Marathi cinema, the Marathi-language film industry based in Mumbai, Maharashtra and Pune, Maharashtra.
- Meitei cinema, the Meitei-language film industry based in Imphal, Manipur.
- Cinema of Odisha, popularly known as "Ollywood", the Odia-language film industry based in Bhubaneshwar, Odisha and Cuttack, Odisha.
- Punjabi cinema, popularly known as "Pollywood", the Punjabi-language film industry based in the state of Punjab.
- Cinema of Rajasthan, the Rajasthani-language film industry based in the state of Rajasthan.
- Santali cinema, the Santali-language film industry based in the states of Jharkhand and Odisha.
- Tamil cinema, popularly known as "Kollywood", the Tamil-language film industry based in Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
- Telugu cinema, popularly known as "Tollywood", the Telugu-language film industry based in Hyderabad, Telangana and the state of Andhra Pradesh.
- Tulu cinema, the Tulu-language film industry based in Mangalore, Karnataka.
Nepali cinema
See main article: Cinema of Nepal.
Pakistani cinema
See main article: Cinema of Pakistan.
- Balochi cinema, based in Quetta, Balochistan is the home of Balochi language film productions.
- Lollywood, based in Lahore, Punjab for Punjabi cinema and Karachi, Sindh for Urdu cinema.
- Pashto cinema, based in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is the home of Pashto language film productions.
- Sindhi cinema, based in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan is the home of the Sindhi language film productions.
Others
Some figures of South Asian cinema
Directors
- A. R. Murugadoss – Tamil director (Ghajini, Ghajini, Thuppakki, Kaththi, Sarkar, Darbar)
- Abu Shahed Emon
- Adoor Gopalakrishnan – Malayalam director (Elippathayam, Swayamvaram).
- Alamgir Kabir
- Aparna Sen – Indian Bengali actress and director (36 Chowringhee Lane, Mr. and Mrs. Iyer).
- Ashutosh Gowariker – Contemporary Hindi actor, director and producer (Lagaan).
- Asoka Handagama - recognized as the pioneer of Sri Lankan cinema's ‘ third revolution’
- Balu Mahendra – Sri Lanka-born Tamil and Malayalam director (Sandhya Raagam, Veedu).
- Basu Chatterjee – (Chitchor).
- Bharathiraja – Tamil director who captured village life (Muthal Mariyathai, Vedham Pudhithu).
- Bimal Roy – Hindi film director (Devdas, Do Bigha Zameen).
- Boyapati Srinu
- Budhhadeb Dasgupta – Uttara, internationally acclaimed filmmaker known for surrealism and magical realism.
- Chashi Nazrul Islam
- Dasari Narayana Rao
- Deepa Mehta – Indian-born Canadian director best known for her "elements trilogy". Fire, Earth, Water).
- Dharmasena Pathiraja - Widely recognized as the pioneer of Sri Lankan cinema's ‘second revolution’
- Ehtesham
- EVV Satyanarayana
- Fateh Lohani
- Girish Karnad – (Anand Bhairavi).
- Govind Nihalani – Cinematographer and director.
- Gurinder Chadha – British director (Bend It Like Beckham, Bride and Prejudice).
- Guru Dutt – Hindi actor, director and producer of the 1950s and '60s (Mr. & Mrs. '55, Kaagaz Ke Phool, Pyaasa).
- Hrishikesh Mukherjee – Hindi film director known for (Anand, Abhimaan).
- Humayun Ahmed – One of the most successful writers and directors of Bangladesh.
- K. Asif – Mughal-e-Azam
- K. Balachander – Tamil director.
- K. Raghavendra Rao
- K. S. Ravikumar – Tamil film director (Muthu, Padayappa, Dasavathaaram)
- K. Viswanath – Telugu director known for films like Sankarabharanam, Swathi Muthyam, Swayam Krushi.
- Kamal Amrohi – Mahal Pakeeza Razia Sultan
- Kamar Ahmed Saimon
- Ketan Mehta – (Bhavni Bhavai, Maya Memsaab).
- Khan Ataur Rahman
- Krishna Vamsi
- Lester James Peries - Considered as the father of Sri Lankan cinema
- Madhur Bhandarkar – Director and screenwriter (Page 3, Chandni Bar).
- Malaka Dewapriya - is a contemporary young Sri Lankan filmmaker
- Mahboob
- Mani Ratnam – Generally works in Tamil films but has worked in Hindi, Malayalam, Telugu and Kannada industries. (Kannathil Muthamittal, Guru).
- Mani Shankar – Director of Bollywood action thrillers (16 December, Tango Charlie)
- Manmohan Desai – (Parvarish, Amar Akbar Anthony).
- Mira Nair – (Monsoon Wedding, Salaam Bombay!).
- Morshedul Islam
- Mostofa Sarwar Farooki
- Mrinal Sen – Bengali film director, has won awards at major film festivals (Baishey Shravan, Bhuvan Shome).
- Nagathihalli Chandrashekhar – (America! America!!, Amruthadhaare).
- Narayan Ghosh Mita
- Nasir Hussain – (Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak)
- Nischal Basnet – (Loot, Loot 2)
- Partho Sen-Gupta – Avant-garde independent director (Hava Aney Dey).
- Prakash Jha – Contemporary Hindi director (Gangaajal, Apaharan).
- Prakash Mehra – (Zanjeer, Hera Pheri).
- Prashanta Nanda – Oriya film director who won most of the National Awards for his contribution for Oriya Film Industry.
- Prashanta Nanda - recognized as the pioneer of realistict cinema at third generation in the Sri Lankan cinema.’
- Puri Jagannadh
- Puttanna Kanagal – (Belli moda).
- Rajkumar Santoshi – (Ghayal, Andaz Apna Apna).
- Rakesh Roshan – (Karan Arjun, Krrish).
- Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra – Director and screenwriter (Aks, Rang De Basanti).
- Ram Gopal Varma – (Shiva, Rangeela).
- Ramesh Sippy – (Sholay, Andaz)
- Ritwik Ghatak – Bengali film director, (Nagarik, Meghe Dhaka Tara).
- S. S. Rajamouli – Telugu film director, (,, RRR).
- S. Shankar – Tamil director and producer (Gentleman, Indian, Mudhalvan, Anniyan, , Enthiran, I, 2.0)
- Saawan Kumar
- Sanjay Gupta – (Zinda)
- Sanjay Leela Bhansali – (Devdas, Black)
- Santosh Sivan – Award-winning cinematographer and director (The Terrorist, Asoka).
- Satyajit Ray – Bengali film director, widely regarded as one of the greatest auteurs of 20th century cinema (Apu trilogy).
- Shekhar Kapur – British India-born director and producer (Elizabeth, Bandit Queen).
- Shyam Benegal – Important part of the New India Cinema movement (Ankur, Bhumika).
- Sonali Gulati – contemporary independent filmmaker, activist, and feminist who has made award-winning documentary and experimental films.
- Subhash Dutta
- Sudhir Mishra – Contemporary director and screenwriter (Hazaaron Khwaishein Aisi, Chameli).
- Sukumar
- S.V. Krishna Reddy
- Tanvir Mokammel
- Tareque Masud
- Trivikram
- Tulsi Ghimire – Nepali movie director (Known for Kusume Rumal, Lahure, Darpan Chaya)
- Upendra – (A, Om).
- V. Shantaram – Hindi director and actor (Do Aankhen Barah Haath).
- Vidhu Vinod Chopra – (An Encounter with Faces, ).
- Vijay Anand – Bollywood actor, director, and producer mainly during the 1960s and '70s. (Johnny Mera Naam, Jewel Thief)
- Vikram Bhatt – (Inteha, Deewane Huye Pagal).
- Yash Chopra – Veteran producer and director (Waqt, Deewaar).
- Yograj Bhat – (Mungaru Male).
- Zahir Raihan
- Tulsi Ghimire – Nepali movie director (Known for Kusume Rumal, Lahure, Darpan Chaya)
Actors
Actresses
See also
Further reading
- Contemporary Asian Cinema, Anne Tereska Ciecko, editor. Berg, 2006.
Notes and References
- Book: Dickey . Sara . Dudrah . Rajinder Kumar . South Asian Cinemas: Widening the Lens . 2012.
- Book: Teo . Stephen . The Asian Cinema Experience: Styles, Spaces, Theory . 2013.
- Book: Chaudhuri . Shohini . Contemporary World Cinema: Europe, the Middle East, East Asia and South Asia . 2005.
- Web site: Writer . Guest . 2022-08-19 . Gliding Bollywood and Glittering Other South Asian Industries . 2023-09-06 . Asian Movie Pulse . en-US.
- Web site: South Indian cinema takes over Bollywood in box office revenues . 2023-09-05 . www.thenews.com.pk . en.
- Web site: Shabbir . Buraq . A discussion on Pakistani cinema and its prospects . 2023-09-05 . www.thenews.com.pk . en.
- News: Gooptu . Sharmistha . Revisiting Bengali films in the 100th year of Indian cinema . The Times of India . 2023-09-05 . 0971-8257.
- Web site: 2019-07-03 . Satyajit Ray: A Master of World Cinema . 2023-09-05 . Hindustan Times . en.
