| CSAR Class 8-L3 4-8-0 South African Classes 8C & 8CW 4-8-0 | |
| Hatnote: | ♠ Original locomotive, as built Superheated, outside admission valves Superheated, inside admission valves, Class 8CW |
| Powertype: | Steam |
| Designer: | Cape Government Railways (H.M. Beatty) |
| Builder: | North British Locomotive Company |
| Serialnumber: | 15803-15832 |
| Buildmodel: | CGR 8th Class (4-8-0) |
| Builddate: | 1903 |
| Totalproduction: | 30 |
| Whytetype: | 4-8-0 (Mastodon) |
| Uicclass: | ♠ 2'Dn2 - 2'Dh2 |
| Driver: | 2nd coupled axle |
| Leadingdiameter: | NaN0NaN0 |
| Coupleddiameter: | 480NaN0 |
| Tenderdiameter: | NaN0NaN0 as built 340NaN0 retyred |
| Wheelbase: | 46feet |
| Engine Total: | 23feet |
| Leading: | 60NaN0 |
| Coupled: | 13feet |
| Tender Total: | 14feet |
| Tenderbogie: | 4feet |
| Over Couplers: | 54feet |
| Height: | ♠ 12feet 12feet |
| Frametype: | Bar |
| Axleload: | ♠ 11lt 12sigfig=4NaNsigfig=4 12lt |
| Leadingbogie/Pony: | ♠ 12lt 12lt |
| Coupled All: | 12sigfig=4NaNsigfig=4 |
| Coupled 1: | ♠ 11lt 11lt |
| Coupled 2: | ♠ 11lt 12lt |
| Coupled 3: | ♠ 11lt 11lt |
| Coupled 4: | ♠ 11lt 11lt |
| Tenderbogieload: | Bogie 1: 18lt Bogie 2: 19lt |
| Tenderaxle: | 9lt |
| Weightondrivers: | ♠ 46lt 48sigfig=4NaNsigfig=4 48lt |
| Locoweight: | ♠ 58lt 60lt 61lt |
| Tenderweight: | 37lt |
| Locotenderweight: | ♠ 96lt 98lt 98lt |
| Tendertype: | XF (2-axle bogies) XC, XC1, XD, XE, XE1, XF, XF1, XF2, XJ, XM, XM1, XM2, XM3 permitted |
| Fueltype: | Coal |
| Fuelcap: | 61NaN1 |
| Watercap: | 3000sigfig=3NaNsigfig=3 |
| Fireboxtype: | Round-top |
| Firearea: | ♠ 21square feet |
| Pitch: | ♠ 70NaN0 7feet |
| Diameterinside: | ♠ 50NaN0 |
| Lengthinside: | ♠ 11feet 11feet |
| Smalltubediameter: | ♠ 205: 20NaN0 115: 20NaN0 |
| Largetubediameter: | 18: NaN0NaN0 |
| Boilerpressure: | 1800NaN0 |
| Safetyvalvetype: | Ramsbottom |
| Totalsurface: | ♠ 1314square feet 1081square feet |
| Tubearea: | ♠ 1184square feet 950square feet |
| Fireboxarea: | ♠ 130square feet 131square feet |
| Superheaterarea: | 214square feet |
| Cylindercount: | Two |
| Cylindersize: | ♠ NaN0NaN0 bore 190NaN0 bore 200NaN0 bore ♠ 240NaN0 stroke |
| Valvegear: | Stephenson |
| Valvetype: | ♠ Slide Piston |
| Coupling: | Johnston link-and-pin AAR knuckle (1930s) |
| Tractiveeffort: | ♠ 23100lbf @ 75% 24370lbf @ 75% 27000lbf @ 75% |
| Operator: | Central South African Railways South African Railways |
| Operatorclass: | CSAR Class 8-L3 SAR Classes 8C & 8CW |
| Numinclass: | 30 |
| Fleetnumbers: | CSAR 471-500, SAR 1162-1191 |
| Deliverydate: | 1903 |
| Firstrundate: | 1903 |
| Withdrawndate: | 1972 |
| Notes: | The leading coupled axle had flangeless wheels |
The South African Railways Class 8C 4-8-0 of 1903 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in Transvaal Colony.
In 1903, soon after the establishment of the Central South African Railways, a second batch of thirty Cape 8th Class Mastodon steam locomotives were ordered and placed in service as the Class 8-L3, immediately following upon a previous order in that same year for a variation on the same locomotive type. In 1912, when they were assimilated into the South African Railways, they were renumbered and designated Class 8C.[1]
Upon the establishment of the Central South African Railways (CSAR) in July 1902, soon after the end of the Second Boer War, Chief Locomotive Superintendent P.A. Hyde became the custodian of a mixed bag of locomotives inherited from the Imperial Military Railways (IMR). Apart from those engines which had been acquired new by the IMR during the war, these included locomotives which originated with the Selati Railway, the Nederlandsche Zuid-Afrikaansche Spoorweg-Maatschappij (NZASM), the Pretoria-Pietersburg Railway (PPR) and the Oranje-Vrijstaat Gouwerment Spoorwegen (OVGS).
The comparatively small number of serviceable locomotives which were immediately available for service, compounded by the poor condition of many of the original NZASM, PPR, Selati and OVGS locomotives and an expected post-war increase in traffic, led to an order for altogether sixty new steam locomotives. They were built in two versions to the specifications of the 8th Class Mastodon type which had been designed by H.M. Beatty, the Chief Locomotive Superintendent of the Cape Government Railways (CGR) from 1896 to 1910.
Orders were placed with Neilson, Reid and Company in 1903, but while the locomotives were being built, Neilson, Reid amalgamated with Dübs and Company and Sharp, Stewart and Company to form the North British Locomotive Company (NBL). As a result, the thirty locomotives of the second batch, numbered in the range from 471 to 500, were all delivered as built by NBL at the Hyde Park shops of the former Neilson, Reid.[2]
They differed from the first batch of the same order by not being equipped with Drummond water tubes in the fireboxes. To differentiate them from the Class 8-L1 and the Drummond tube-equipped Class 8-L2, these locomotives were designated the CSAR Class 8-L3. These were the last locomotives to be ordered by the CSAR which were built to the design of another railway.
When the Union of South Africa was established on 31 May 1910, the three Colonial government railways (CGR, Natal Government Railways and CSAR) were united under a single administration to control and administer the railways, ports and harbours of the Union. Although the South African Railways and Harbours came into existence in 1910, the actual classification and renumbering of all the rolling stock of the three constituent railways were only implemented with effect from 1 January 1912.[1] [3]
In 1912, these thirty locomotives were renumbered in the range from 1162 to 1191 and designated Class 8C on the South African Railways (SAR).[1]
These locomotives, together with the CSAR’s Class 8-L1 and 8-L2 Mastodon locomotives and all the CGR’s 8th Class Consolidations and Mastodons, were grouped into ten different sub-classes by the SAR. The locomotives became SAR Classes 8 and 8A to 8F and the locomotives became Classes 8X to 8Z.[4]
During A.G. Watson’s term as the Chief Mechanical Engineer of the SAR from 1929 to 1936, many of the Class 8 to Class 8F locomotives were equipped with superheated boilers, larger bore cylinders and either inside or outside admission piston valves. The outside admission valve locomotives had their cylinder bore increased from NaN0NaN0 to 190NaN0 and retained their existing SAR classifications, while the inside admission valve locomotives had their cylinder bore increased to 200NaN0 and were reclassified by having a "W" suffix added to their existing SAR classification letters.[4]
Of the Class 8C locomotives, seven were equipped with superheating, 190NaN0 bore cylinders and outside admission piston valves while retaining their Class 8C classification.[4]
Five locomotives were equipped with superheating, 200NaN0 bore cylinders and inside admission piston valves, and were reclassified to Class 8CW.[4]
In SAR service, the Class 8 family of locomotives worked on every system in the country and, in the 1920s, became the mainstay of motive power on many branch lines. Their final days were spent in shunting service. They were all withdrawn from service by 1972.
The Class 8C and 8CW works numbers, renumbering and superheating modifications are listed in the table.[1] [2] [4]
Works No. | CSAR No. | SAR No. | SAR Model |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15803 | 471 | 1162 | |
| 15804 | 472 | 1163 | |
| 15805 | 473 | 1164 | Superheated |
| 15806 | 474 | 1165 | |
| 15807 | 475 | 1166 | Class 8CW |
| 15808 | 476 | 1167 | |
| 15809 | 477 | 1168 | |
| 15810 | 478 | 1169 | |
| 15811 | 479 | 1170 | Superheated |
| 15812 | 480 | 1171 | Class 8CW |
| 15813 | 481 | 1172 | |
| 15814 | 482 | 1173 | |
| 15815 | 483 | 1174 | |
| 15816 | 484 | 1175 | |
| 15817 | 485 | 1176 | |
| 15818 | 486 | 1177 | |
| 15819 | 487 | 1178 | Superheated |
| 15820 | 488 | 1179 | |
| 15821 | 489 | 1180 | Superheated |
| 15822 | 490 | 1181 | Class 8CW |
| 15823 | 491 | 1182 | |
| 15824 | 492 | 1183 | Class 8CW |
| 15825 | 493 | 1184 | Superheated |
| 15826 | 494 | 1185 | Superheated |
| 15827 | 495 | 1186 | |
| 15828 | 496 | 1187 | |
| 15829 | 497 | 1188 | |
| 15830 | 498 | 1189 | Class 8CW |
| 15831 | 499 | 1190 | Superheated |
| 15832 | 500 | 1191 | |