| South African Class 14C, 14CB, 14CR & 14CRB 4-8-2, 3rd batch | |
| Hatnote: | ♠ Class 14C, standard, as built with a Belpaire firebox Class 14CB, rebalanced for branchline working Class 14CR, standard, Watson Standard boiler Class 14CRB, branchline, Watson Standard boiler 220NaN0 bore - NaN0NaN0 bore |
| Powertype: | Steam |
| Designer: | Montreal Locomotive Works |
| Builder: | Montreal Locomotive Works |
| Serialnumber: | 60546-60565 |
| Buildmodel: | Class 14C |
| Builddate: | 1919 |
| Totalproduction: | 20 |
| Whytetype: | 4-8-2 (Mountain) |
| Uicclass: | 2'D1'h2 |
| Driver: | 2nd coupled axle |
| Leadingdiameter: | NaN0NaN0 |
| Coupleddiameter: | 480NaN0 |
| Trailingdiameter: | 330NaN0 |
| Tenderdiameter: | 340NaN0 |
| Wheelbase: | 59feet |
| Engine Total: | 30feet |
| Leading: | 6feet |
| Coupled: | 12feet |
| Tender Total: | 17feet |
| Tenderbogie: | 4feet |
| Over Couplers: | 66feet |
| Height: | ♠ 12feet 13feet |
| Frametype: | Bar |
| Axleload: | ♠ 15lt 14lt 16lt 14lt |
| Leadingbogie/Pony: | ♠ 14lt 14lt 16lt 14lt |
| Coupled 1: | ♠ 15lt 14lt 16lt 14lt |
| Coupled 2: | ♠ 15lt 14lt 15lt 14lt |
| Coupled 3: | ♠ 15lt 14lt 16lt 14lt |
| Coupled 4: | ♠ 15lt 14lt 16lt 14lt |
| Trail Bogie/Pony: | ♠ 8lt 10lt 9lt 10lt |
| Tenderaxle: | 12lt av. |
| Weightondrivers: | ♠ 62lt 58lt 65lt 59lt |
| Locoweight: | ♠ 85lt 83lt 90lt 84lt |
| Tenderweight: | 50lt |
| Locotenderweight: | ♠ 136lt 134lt 141lt 135sigfig=4NaNsigfig=4 |
| Tendertype: | LP (2-axle bogies) |
| Fueltype: | Coal |
| Fuelcap: | 101NaN1 |
| Watercap: | 4250sigfig=3NaNsigfig=3 |
| Fireboxtype: | ♠ Belpaire - Round-top |
| Firearea: | ♠ 373NaN3 |
| Boiler: | Watson Standard no. 2 |
| Pitch: | ♠ 7feet 8feet |
| Diameterinside: | ♠ 5feet |
| Lengthinside: | ♠ 19feet 19feet steel 19feet copper |
| Smalltubediameter: | ♠ 139: NaN0NaN0 87: NaN0NaN0 |
| Largetubediameter: | ♠ 24: NaN0NaN0 30: NaN0NaN0 |
| Boilerpressure: | ♠ 1900NaN0 ♠ 1950NaN0 1800NaN0 1830NaN0 |
| Safetyvalvetype: | ♠ Ramsbottom - Pop |
| Totalsurface: | ♠ 2350square feet 2075square feet |
| Tubearea: | ♠ 2212square feet 1933square feet |
| Fireboxarea: | ♠ 138square feet 142square feet |
| Superheaterarea: | ♠ 526square feet 492square feet |
| Cylindercount: | Two |
| Cylindersize: | ♠ 220NaN0 bore ♠ NaN0NaN0 bore ♠ 260NaN0 stroke |
| Valvegear: | Walschaerts |
| Valvetype: | Piston |
| Coupling: | Johnston link-and-pin AAR knuckle (1930s) |
| Tractiveeffort: | ♠ 37360lbf @ 75% ♠ 37480lbf @ 75% 35400lbf @ 75% 35980lbf @ 75% 35170lbf @ 75% |
| Operator: | South African Railways |
| Operatorclass: | Class 14C, 14CB, 14CR, 14CRB |
| Numinclass: | 20 |
| Fleetnumbers: | 1991-2010 |
| Deliverydate: | 1919 |
| Firstrundate: | 1919 |
| Withdrawndate: | 1980s |
| Notes: | The leading coupled axle had flangeless wheels |
The South African Railways Class 14C 4-8-2 of 1919 was a steam locomotive.
In late 1919, the South African Railways placed a third batch of twenty steam locomotives with a 4-8-2 Mountain type wheel arrangement in service. In addition to the first three batches, one more batch would be acquired in 1922, all four with different maximum axle loadings, to bring the total in the class to 73. Through reboilerings, rebalancings and cylinder bushings during its service life, this single class eventually ended up as six distinct locomotive classes with two boiler types and a multitude of axle loading and boiler pressure configurations.[1] [2] [3]
In 1919, a third batch of twenty Class 14C locomotives was ordered from the Montreal Locomotive Works (MLW) in Canada. It was delivered late in that same year and numbered in the range from 1991 to 2010. In 1922, one more batch of Class 14C locomotives would follow from the same manufacturer. All four batches differed in terms of maximum axle loading, adhesive weight and engine weight.[1] [2] [3]
As built, the locomotives of the third batch were heavier than both previous batches, 100NaN0 heavier than the first and 1lt heavier than the second. All four batches were delivered with Type LP tenders with a coal capacity of 101NaN1 and a water capacity of 4250sigfig=3NaNsigfig=3.[2] [3]
During 1920, it was found necessary to restay most of the fireboxes on the early orders of the Class 14C. Their reversing gear was of the single cylinder type and tended to creep. D.A. Hendrie, at the time the Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) of the South African Railways (SAR), therefore fitted oil cylinders and installed his Hendrie reversing gear, which was manufactured in the Pretoria workshops during 1922. Modifications were also made to the finger bars and rocking grate cylinders of the firebox and to the sanding gear. Approximately 21NaN1 of lead were run into the smokebox saddle casting to provide additional weight on the leading bogie.[1]
During the 1930s, many serving locomotives were reboilered with a standard boiler type designed by A.G. Watson, CME of the SAR at the time, as part of his standardisation policy. Such Watson Standard reboilered locomotives were reclassified by adding an "R" suffix to their classification.[2] [3]
All twenty locomotives were eventually reboilered with Watson Standard no. 2 boilers and reclassified to . Only slight alterations were necessary to the engine frames. In the process, the boiler pitch was raised from 7feet to 8feet, which raised the chimney height from 12feet to 13feet. This exceeded the loading gauge height of 130NaN0 above the railhead.[1]
Their original Belpaire boilers were fitted with Ramsbottom safety valves, while the Watson Standard boiler was fitted with Pop safety valves. The reboilered engines were also equipped with Watson cabs with their distinctive slanted fronts, compared to the conventional vertical fronts of their original cabs. Early conversions were equipped with copper and later conversions with steel fireboxes.[1] [2] [3]
Around 1930, the question of maximum axle loads for locomotives was thoroughly investigated by the Mechanical and Civil Engineering Departments of the SAR. It was found that, along with some other locomotives, the Class 14C had a rather severe vertical hammer blow effect on the track when running at speed due to an undue proportion of the reciprocating parts being balanced. Modifications were accordingly made to the Class 14C to allow some of them to run on 60lb/yd track.[1]
The locomotives had weights attached between the frames to increase adhesion. Over time, most of the Class 14C family of locomotives were "rebalanced" by having these weights increased or reduced to redistribute, increase or reduce the axle loading and adhesive weight by altering the loads on the individual coupled wheels, leading bogies and trailing pony trucks. Coupled wheel axle loading adjustment was achieved by attaching steel boxes, filled with an appropriate amount of lead, over each axle between the frames. The boiler pressure setting of rebalanced locomotives was reduced from 190to.[2] [3]
The lighter version of the rebalanced locomotives was reclassified to Class 14CB, with the "B" indicating branchline service. It is not clear which of these reboilering and rebalancing modifications were carried out first, one, the other, either one or together, but in whichever order, all twenty locomotives were eventually also reboilered with Watson Standard no. 2 boilers and reclassified to Class 14CRB. Reclassified Class 14C locomotives often did not receive new number plates. Instead, the previous Class number was milled out and a separate small plate, inscribed with the new Class number and "RB" suffix, was attached to the number plate.[2] [3]
Several of the locomotives had their cylinders bushed to reduce the bore from the as-built 22to. At the same time, the boiler pressure setting of the Classes 14C and 14CR locomotives was adjusted upwards from 190to to keep their tractive effort more or less unaffected by the reduction in piston diameter. The boiler pressure setting of the branchline Classes 14CB and 14CRB was adjusted upwards from 180to.[1] [2] [3]
The third batch of the Class 14C was placed in service on the Cape Western system, where they banked up the Hex River railpass from De Doorns and later worked with Class 19C locomotives across Sir Lowry's Pass to Caledon and Bredasdorp in the Overberg. After the New Cape Central Railway was incorporated into the SAR in 1925, they were also employed on that line between Worcester and Mossel Bay.
Some served on the Umtata branch until it was dieselised early in 1973, after which they were also allocated to Cape Town. In their later years, most of these locomotives remained on the Cape Western system, shedded at Paardeneiland in Cape Town and at Beaufort West, and one at De Aar, mostly being used as shunting engines and on short local pick-ups.[4]
The table lists their years built, manufacturer's works numbers, engine numbers and eventual classifications.[2] [3]
Year | Works no. | Engine no. | Class |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1919 | 60546 | 1991 | 14CRB |
| 1919 | 60547 | 1992 | 14CRB |
| 1919 | 60548 | 1993 | 14CRB |
| 1919 | 60549 | 1994 | 14CRB |
| 1919 | 60550 | 1995 | 14CRB |
| 1919 | 60551 | 1996 | 14CRB |
| 1919 | 60552 | 1997 | 14CRB |
| 1919 | 60553 | 1998 | 14CRB |
| 1919 | 60554 | 1999 | 14CRB |
| 1919 | 60555 | 2000 | 14CRB |
| 1919 | 60556 | 2001 | 14CRB |
| 1919 | 60557 | 2002 | 14CRB |
| 1919 | 60558 | 2003 | 14CRB |
| 1919 | 60559 | 2004 | 14CRB |
| 1919 | 60560 | 2005 | 14CRB |
| 1919 | 60561 | 2006 | 14CRB |
| 1919 | 60562 | 2007 | 14CRB |
| 1919 | 60563 | 2008 | 14CRB |
| 1919 | 60564 | 2009 | 14CRB |
| 1919 | 60565 | 2010 | 14CRB |
The main picture shows Class 14CRB no. 2004 Purdey taking water at Robertson, Western Cape, on 10 November 1979.