| Official Name: | Mahabad | ||||||||||
| Native Name: | Persian: مهاباد مەهاباد | ||||||||||
| Native Name Lang: | fa | ||||||||||
| Settlement Type: | City | ||||||||||
| Pushpin Map: | Iran | ||||||||||
| Subdivision Type: | Country | ||||||||||
| Subdivision Name: | Iran | ||||||||||
| Subdivision Type1: | Province | ||||||||||
| Subdivision Name1: | West Azerbaijan | ||||||||||
| Subdivision Type2: | County | ||||||||||
| Subdivision Name2: | Mahabad | ||||||||||
| Subdivision Type3: | District | ||||||||||
| Subdivision Name3: | Central | ||||||||||
| Population As Of: | 2016 | ||||||||||
| Population Total: | 168393 | ||||||||||
| Population Density Km2: | auto | ||||||||||
| Timezone: | IRST | ||||||||||
| Utc Offset: | +3:30 | ||||||||||
| Coordinates Footnotes: | [1] | ||||||||||
| Area Code: | 044 | ||||||||||
| Footnotes: | [2] | ||||||||||
| Image Map1: |
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Mahabad (Persian: مهاباد) is a city in the Central District of Mahabad County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[3]
Mahabad first became the name of the city after World War I, during the reign of the Pahlavi shah (king) Reza Shah . Before that, it was known as Savojbolagh, a Persian corruption of the Turkic word soghuk bulak (meaning "cold spring"). The Kurdish version was Sablagh.
Savojbolagh is first attested in the 16th century, during the Safavid era. Mukri Kurds participated in several wars between Safavid dynasty and Ottoman Empire, and gained more predominance. In 17th century AD, Savojbolagh became the seat of Mukri principality (known as Mukriyān in Sorani Kurdish and Mokriyān in Persian). Many believe Budaq Sultan Mukri, who built Savojbolagh's congregational mosque is the founder of the current town.
See main article: Republic of Mahabad. Mahabad was the capital of the short-lived Republic of Mahabad, which was declared independent on January 1, 1946, under the leadership of Kurdish nationalist Qazi Muhammad.
The republic received strong support from the Soviet Union, which occupied Iran during the same era. It included the majority Kurdish-speaking towns of Bukan, Piranshahr, Sardasht and Oshnavieh.[4]
After an agreement brokered by the United States, the Soviets agreed to leave Iran, and sovereignty was restored to the Shah in 1947. The Shah ordered an invasion of the Republic of Mahabad shortly afterwards, the leaders of the republic including Qazi Muhammad were arrested and executed.[5] [6] [7] Qazi Muhammad was hanged on 31 March 1947. At the behest of Archibald Roosevelt Jr., who argued that Qazi had been forced to work with the Soviets out of expediency, U.S. ambassador to Iran George V. Allen urged the Shah not to execute Qazi or his brother, only to be reassured: "Are you afraid I'm going to have them shot? If so, you can rest your mind. I am not." Roosevelt later recounted that the order to have the Qazis killed was likely issued "as soon as our ambassador had closed the door behind him," adding with regard to the Shah: "I never was one of his admirers."[8]
On 7 May 2015, the people of the city rioted following the unexplained death on 4 May 2015 of Farinaz Khosravani, a hotel chambermaid. Khosravani fell to her death from a fourth-floor window of the Tara hotel, the hotel where she worked. Anger mounted following reports that Khosravani died attempting to escape an official who was threatening to rape her. The rioters reportedly set fire to the hotel where Khosravani worked.[9]
Most of Mahabad is populated by Kurds who follow the Sunni branch of Islam. Besides Kurdish, many speak Persian and Azeri Turkic as well. Neo-Aramaic-speaking Jews originally used to inhabit the city as well.
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 133,324 in 31,000 households.[10] The following census in 2011 counted 147,268 people in 38,393 households.[11] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 168,393 people in 47,974 households.[12]
The city lies south of Lake Urmia in a narrow valley 1,300 metres above sea level.[13] [14]