| Miami Open | |
| Type: | joint |
| Location: | Delray Beach, Florida (1985) Boca West, Florida (1986) Key Biscayne, Florida (1987–2018) Miami Gardens, Florida (2019–current) |
| Surface: | Hard (Laykold) – outdoors |
| Website: | miamiopen.com |
| Completed Event: | 2024 |
| Men's Singles: |  Jannik Sinner |
| Women's Singles: |  Danielle Collins |
| Men's Doubles: |  Rohan Bopanna  Matthew Ebden |
| Women's Doubles: | Sofia Kenin Bethanie Mattek-Sands |
| Atp Category: | Masters 1000 |
| Atp Draw: | US$ 8,995,555 (2024) |
| Wta Tier: | WTA 1000 |
| Wta Draw: | 96 / 48 / 32 |
| Wta Prize Money: | US$ 8,995,555 (2024) |
The Miami Open (also known as the Miami Masters and as the Miami Open presented by Itaú for sponsorship reasons) is an annual professional tennis tournament held in Miami Gardens, Florida, United States. It is played on outdoor hard courts at the Hard Rock Stadium, and is held in late March and early April.[1] The tournament is part of the ATP Masters 1000 events on the ATP Tour and part of the WTA 1000 events on the WTA Tour.
The tournament was held at the Tennis Center at Crandon Park in Key Biscayne, Florida from 1987 through 2018, featuring the top 96 men and women tennis players in the world.[2] It moved to Miami Gardens for 2019. Following the Indian Wells Open, it is the second event of the "Sunshine Double" — a series of two elite, consecutive hard court tournaments in the United States in early spring.
In 2023, the 12-day tournament was attended by over 386,000 attendees, making it one of the largest tennis tournaments outside the four Grand Slam tournaments.[3] [2]
The initial idea of holding an international tennis tournament in Miami was born in the 1960s, when famous tennis players such as Pancho Gonzalez, Jack Kramer, Pancho Segura, Frank Sedgman, and Butch Buchholz toured across the country in a station wagon, playing tennis in fairgrounds with portable canvas court.[4] The tournament officially was founded by former player Butch Buchholz who was executive director of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) in the 1980s. His original aim was to make the event the first major tournament of the year (the Australian Open was held in December at that time), and he dubbed it the "Winter Wimbledon". Buchholz approached the ATP and the WTA, offering to provide the prize-money and to give them a percentage of the ticket sales and worldwide television rights in return for the right to run the tournament for 15 years. The two associations agreed.
The first tournament was held in February 1985 at Laver's International Tennis Resort in Delray Beach, Florida. Buchholz brought in Alan Mills, the tournament referee at Wimbledon, as the head referee, and Ted Tinling, a well-known tennis fashion designer since the 1920s, as the director of protocol. At the time, the prize money of US$1.8 million was surpassed only by Wimbledon and the US Open. The event's prize money has since grown to over $13 million.
In 1986, the tournament was played at Boca West. After its successful year there, Merrett Stierheim, Dade County manager and Women's Tennis Association (WTA) president, helped Buchholz move the tournament to its long-term home in Key Biscayne from 1987.[5] In keeping with ambitions of its founder, the tournament has been maintained as one of the premier events in pro tennis after the Grand Slam tournaments and the ATP World Tour Finals sometimes referred to as the "Fifth major" up until the mid-2000s.[6] In 1999, Buchholz sold the tournament to IMG.[7] In 2004, the Indian Wells Masters also expanded to a multi-week 96 player field, and since then, the two events have been colloquially termed the "Sunshine Double".[8] [9]
The aging Crandon Park facility had been criticized as the slowest hard court on the tour, subjecting players to endless grinding rallies in extreme heat and humidity.[10] The land on which the Crandon Park facility stands had been donated to Miami-Dade County by the Matheson family in 1992 under a stipulation that only one stadium could be built on it. The tournament organizers proposed a $50 million upgrade of Crandon Park that would have added several permanent stadiums, and the family responded with a lawsuit.[11] In 2015, an appeals court ruled in the family's favor, preventing upgrades from being made to the aging complex. The organizers decided not to pursue further legal action and started looking for a new site. In November 2017, the Miami Open signed an agreement with Miami-Dade County to move the annual tournament from the tennis complex in Key Biscayne to Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida beginning in 2019.[12] [13]
The stadium is primarily used for American football; a modified seating layout with temporary grandstands is used as center court. While it has the same number of seats as the center court at Crandon Park, it also has access to the stadium's luxury seating and suites. New permanent courts were also built on the site's parking lots, including a new grandstand court.[14] [15]
The 2020 Miami Open was postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic; the tournament was held with limited attendance, and Hard Rock Stadium proper was therefore not used.[16]
The tournament has had multiple sponsorships in its history. During its inaugural playing in 1985, the tournament was known as the Lipton International Players Championships and it was a premier event of the Grand Prix Tennis Tour. In 2000, the event was renamed the Ericsson Open and in 2002, the event became known as the NASDAQ-100 Open. In 2007, the tournament was renamed the Sony Ericsson Open. Since 2015, the international bank Itaú has been the presenting sponsor.[17]
Beside the four major championships, the Miami Open is one of a small number of events on the ATP and WTA Tours where the main singles draw (for both the men and the women) involves more than 64 players, and where main draw play extends beyond one week. 96 men and 96 women compete in the singles competition, and 32 teams compete in each of the doubles competitions with the event lasting 12 days.
In 2006, the tournament became the first event in the United States to use Hawk-Eye to allow players to challenge close line calls. Players were allowed three challenges per set, with an additional challenge allowed for tiebreaks. The first challenge was made by Jamea Jackson against Ashley Harkleroad in the first round.
From 1985 until 1990, from 1996 to 2002, and again from 2004 to 2007, the men's final was held as a best-of-five set match, similar to the Grand Slam events. From 1987 to 1989, the entire tournament, in every round, was best-of-five sets. After 2007, the ATP required that the handful of ATP World Tour Masters 1000 events which had best-of-five finals switch to the usual ATP best-of-three match format because several times the participants in long finals matches ended up withdrawing from tennis tournaments they were scheduled to participate in which were commencing in only two or three days. The last best-of-five set final was won by Novak Djokovic against Guillermo Cañas in 2007.
1985–1992; Lipton International Players Championship
1993–1999; Lipton Championship
2000–2001; Ericsson Open
2002–2006; NASDAQ-100 Open
2007–2012; Sony Ericsson Open
2013–2014; Sony Open Tennis
2015–present; Miami Open presented by Itaú
As an ATP Tour Masters 1000 event, the tournament is worth up to 1000 ATP rankings points to the singles and doubles champions. On both the ATP and the WTA, this is the third highest level of event. This is a table detailing the points and prize money allocation for each round of the 2016 Miami ATP Masters 1000 and WTA Premier Mandatory event:
| Event | Round of 16 | Round of 32 | Round of 64 | Round of 128 | width=85 | width=85 | width=85 | |||||||
| Men's singles | 1000 | 600 | 360 | 180 | 90 | 45 | 25* | 10 | 16 | 8 | 0 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men's doubles | 0 | |||||||||||||
| Women's singles | 650 | 390 | 215 | 120 | 65 | 35* | 10 | 30 | 20 | 2 | ||||
| Women's doubles | 10 |
| width=150 bgcolor=dfe2e9 | Event | width=80 bgcolor=lime | W | width=85 bgcolor=thistle | F | width=85 bgcolor=ffff00 | SF | width=85 bgcolor=ffebcd | QF | width=85 bgcolor=afeeee | Round of 16 | width=85 bgcolor=afeeee | Round of 32 | width=85 bgcolor=afeeee | Round of 64 | width=85 bgcolor=afeeee | Round of 128 | width=85 | Q2 | width=85 | Q1 |
| style=background:#f3f3f3 | Men's singles | $1,028,300 | $501,815 | $251,500 | $128,215 | $67,590 | $36,170 | $19,530 | $11,970 | $3,565 | $1,825 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style=background:#f3f3f3 | Women's singles[18] [19] | ||||||||||||||||||||
| style=background:#f3f3f3 | Men's doubles | $336,920 | $164,420 | $82,410 | $42,000 | $22,140 | $11,860 | ||||||||||||||
| style=background:#f3f3f3 | Women's doubles[20] |
| Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ↓ Grand Prix circuit ↓ | ||||
| 1985 | Tim Mayotte | Scott Davis | 4–6, 4–6, 6–3, 6–2, 6–4 | |
| 1986 | Ivan Lendl |  Mats Wilander | 3–6, 6–1, 7–6(7–5), 6–4 | |
| 1987 | Miloslav Mečíř | Ivan Lendl | 7–5, 6–2, 7–5 | |
| 1988 | Mats Wilander | Jimmy Connors | 6–4, 4–6, 6–4, 6–4 | |
| 1989 | Ivan Lendl |  Thomas Muster | walkover | |
| ↓ ATP Tour Masters 1000 ↓ | ||||
| 1990 | Andre Agassi | Stefan Edberg | 6–1, 6–4, 0–6, 6–2 | |
| 1991 | Jim Courier | David Wheaton | 4–6, 6–3, 6–4 | |
| 1992 | Michael Chang |  Alberto Mancini | 7–5, 7–5 | |
| 1993 | Pete Sampras | 6–3, 6–2 | ||
| 1994 | Pete Sampras | Andre Agassi | 5–7, 6–3, 6–3 | |
| 1995 | Andre Agassi | Pete Sampras | 3–6, 6–2, 7–6(7–3) | |
| 1996 | Andre Agassi | Goran Ivanišević | 3–0 ret. | |
| 1997 | Thomas Muster |  Sergi Bruguera | 7–6(8–6), 6–3, 6–1 | |
| 1998 | Marcelo Ríos | Andre Agassi | 7–5, 6–3, 6–4 | |
| 1999 | Richard Krajicek |  Sébastien Grosjean | 4–6, 6–1, 6–2, 7–5 | |
| 2000 |  Gustavo Kuerten | |||
| 2001 | Andre Agassi | 7–6(7–4), 6–1, 6–0 | ||
| 2002 | Andre Agassi | Roger Federer | 6–3, 6–3, 3–6, 6–4 | |
| 2003 | Andre Agassi | Carlos Moyá | 6–3, 6–3 | |
| 2004 | Andy Roddick | Guillermo Coria | 6–7(2–7), 6–3, 6–1, ret. | |
| 2005 | Roger Federer | Rafael Nadal | 2–6, 6–7(4–7), 7–6(7–5), 6–3, 6–1 | |
| 2006 | Roger Federer | Ivan Ljubičić | 7–6(7–5), 7–6(7–4), 7–6(8–6) | |
| 2007 |  Novak Djokovic | Guillermo Cañas | 6–3, 6–2, 6–4 | |
| 2008 | Rafael Nadal | 6–4, 6–2 | ||
| 2009 |  Andy Murray | Novak Djokovic | 6–2, 7–5 | |
| 2010 | Andy Roddick |  Tomáš Berdych | 7–5, 6–4 | |
| 2011 | Novak Djokovic | Rafael Nadal | 4–6, 6–3, 7–6(7–4) | |
| 2012 | Novak Djokovic | Andy Murray | 6–1, 7–6(7–4) | |
| 2013 | Andy Murray | David Ferrer | 2–6, 6–4, 7–6(7–1) | |
| 2014 | Novak Djokovic | Rafael Nadal | 6–3, 6–3 | |
| 2015 | Novak Djokovic | Andy Murray | 7–6(7–3), 4–6, 6–0 | |
| 2016 | Novak Djokovic |  Kei Nishikori | 6–3, 6–3 | |
| 2017 | Roger Federer | Rafael Nadal | 6–3, 6–4 | |
| 2018 | John Isner | Alexander Zverev | 6–7(4–7), 6–4, 6–4 | |
| 2019 | Roger Federer | John Isner | 6–1, 6–4 | |
| 2020 | cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic.[21] | |||
| 2021 |  Hubert Hurkacz | Jannik Sinner | 7–6(7–4), 6–4 | |
| 2022 | Carlos Alcaraz |  Casper Ruud | 7–5, 6–4 | |
| 2023 | Daniil Medvedev | Jannik Sinner | 7–5, 6–3 | |
| 2024 | Jannik Sinner | Grigor Dimitrov | 6–3, 6–1 |
| Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1985 | Martina Navratilova | Chris Evert | 6–2, 6–4 | |
| 1986 | Chris Evert | Steffi Graf | 6–4, 6–2 | |
| 1987 | Steffi Graf | Chris Evert | 6–1, 6–2 | |
| ↓ Tier I tournament ↓ | ||||
| 1988 | Steffi Graf (2) | Chris Evert | 6–4, 6–4 | |
| 1989 | Gabriela Sabatini | Chris Evert | 6–1, 4–6, 6–2 | |
| 1990 | Monica Seles | Judith Wiesner | 6–1, 6–2 | |
| 1991 | Monica Seles (2) | Gabriela Sabatini | 6–3, 7–5 | |
| 1992 | Arantxa Sánchez Vicario | Gabriela Sabatini | 6–1, 6–4 | |
| 1993 | Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (2) | Steffi Graf | 6–4, 3–6, 6–3 | |
| 1994 | Steffi Graf (3) |  Natasha Zvereva | 4–6, 6–1, 6–2 | |
| 1995 | Steffi Graf (4) | Kimiko Date | 6–1, 6–4 | |
| 1996 | Steffi Graf (5) | Chanda Rubin | 6–1, 6–3 | |
| 1997 | Martina Hingis | Monica Seles | 6–2, 6–1 | |
| 1998 | Venus Williams |  Anna Kournikova | 2–6, 6–4, 6–1 | |
| 1999 | Venus Williams (2) | Serena Williams | 6–1, 4–6, 6–4 | |
| 2000 | Martina Hingis (2) | Lindsay Davenport | 6–3, 6–2 | |
| 2001 | Venus Williams (3) | Jennifer Capriati | 4–6, 6–1, 7–6(7–4) | |
| 2002 | Serena Williams | Jennifer Capriati | 7–5, 7–6(7–4) | |
| 2003 | Serena Williams (2) | Jennifer Capriati | 4–6, 6–4, 6–1 | |
| 2004 | Serena Williams (3) | Elena Dementieva | 6–1, 6–1 | |
| 2005 |  Kim Clijsters | Maria Sharapova | 6–3, 7–5 | |
| 2006 | Svetlana Kuznetsova | Maria Sharapova | 6–4, 6–3 | |
| 2007 | Serena Williams (4) | Justine Henin | 0–6, 7–5, 6–3 | |
| 2008 | Serena Williams (5) | Jelena Janković | 6–1, 5–7, 6–3 | |
| ↓ Premier Mandatory tournament ↓ | ||||
| 2009 | Victoria Azarenka | Serena Williams | 6–3, 6–1 | |
| 2010 | Kim Clijsters (2) | Venus Williams | 6–2, 6–1 | |
| 2011 | Victoria Azarenka (2) | Maria Sharapova | 6–1, 6–4 | |
| 2012 | Agnieszka Radwańska | Maria Sharapova | 7–5, 6–4 | |
| 2013 | Serena Williams (6) | Maria Sharapova | 4–6, 6–3, 6–0 | |
| 2014 | Serena Williams (7) |  Li Na | 7–5, 6–1 | |
| 2015 | Serena Williams (8) | Carla Suárez Navarro | 6–2, 6–0 | |
| 2016 | Victoria Azarenka (3) | Svetlana Kuznetsova | 6–3, 6–2 | |
| 2017 | Johanna Konta | Caroline Wozniacki | 6–4, 6–3 | |
| 2018 | Sloane Stephens | Jeļena Ostapenko | 7–6(7–5), 6–1 | |
| 2019 | Ashleigh Barty | Karolína Plíšková | 7–6(7–1), 6–3 | |
| 2020 | cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic. | |||
| 2021 | Ashleigh Barty (2) |  Bianca Andreescu | 6–3, 4–0 ret. | |
| 2022 | Iga Świątek | Naomi Osaka | 6–4, 6–0 | |
| 2023 | Petra Kvitová |  Elena Rybakina | 7–6(16–14), 6–2 | |
| 2024 | Danielle Collins | Elena Rybakina | 7–5, 6–3 |
| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1985 | Heinz Günthardt Martina Navratilova | Wojciech Fibak Carling Bassett | 6–3, 6–4 | |
| 1986 | John Fitzgerald Elizabeth Smylie | Emilio Sánchez Steffi Graf | 6–4, 7–5 | |
| 1987 | Miloslav Mečíř Jana Novotná | Christo van Rensburg Elna Reinach | 6–3, 3–6, 6–3 | |
| 1988 |  Michiel Schapers Ann Henricksson | Jim Pugh Jana Novotná | 6–4, 6–4 | |
| 1989 | Ken Flach Jill Hetherington | Sherwood Stewart Zina Garrison | 6–2, 7–6(7–3) |
| Player(s) | Record | Year(s) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Most singles titles | ||||
| Men's singles | 6 | 1990, '95–'96, '01–'03 | ||
| 2007, '11–'12, '14–'16 | ||||
| Women's singles | 8 | 2002–04, '07–'08, '13–'15 | ||
| Most consecutive titles | ||||
| Men's singles | 3 | 2001–03 | ||
| 2014–16 | ||||
| Women's singles | 3 | 1994–96 | ||
| 2002–04 2013–15 | ||||
| Unseeded winners | ||||
| Men's singles | 1 | 1985 | ||
| Women's singles | 1 | 2005 | ||
| 1 | 2024 | |||
| Youngest & oldest winners | ||||
| Youngest men's singles | 18 years, 333 days old | 2022 | ||
| Youngest women's singles | 16 years, 111 days old | 1990 | ||
| Oldest men's singles | 37 years, 235 days old | 2019 | ||
| Oldest women's singles | 33 years, 190 days old | 2015 | ||
| Most finals reached | ||||
| Men's singles | 8 | 1990, '94–'96, '98, '01–'03 | ||
| Women's singles | 10 | 1999, '02–'04, '07–'09, '13–'15 | ||
| Most doubles titles – teams | ||||
| Men's doubles | 6 | 2007–08, '14–'15, '18–'19 | ||
| Women's doubles | 2 | 1989–90 | ||
| 1995–96 | ||||
| 1998–99 | ||||
| 2006–07 | ||||
| Most doubles titles – individual | ||||
| Men's doubles | 6 | 2007–08, '14–'15, '18–'19 | ||
| 2007–08, '14–'15, '18–'19 | ||||
| Women's doubles | 7 | 1989–90, '93, '95–'96, '98–'99 | ||
The Sunshine Double is a feat in tennis achieved when a player wins the titles of the Indian Wells Open and the Miami Open back-to-back.
To date, 11 players have achieved this in singles, and 23 in doubles.
| No. | Player[22] | Title(s) | width=40 | Year(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 1991 | ||
| 2 | 1 | 1992 | ||
| 3 | 1 | 1994 | ||
| 4 | 1 | 1998 | ||
| 5 | 1 | 2001 | ||
| 6 | 3 | 2005–06, '17 | ||
| 7 | 4 | 2011, '14–'16 | ||
| No. | Player | Title(s) | width=40 | Year(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 1994, '96 | ||
| 2 | 1 | 2005 | ||
| 3 | 1 | 2016 | ||
| 4 | 1 | 2022 | ||
| No. | Team[23] [24] | Title(s) | width=40 | Year(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 1996 | ||
| 2 | 1 | 1999 | ||
| 3 | 1 | 2002 | ||
| 4 | 1 | 2014 | ||
| 5 | 1 | 2016[25] | ||
| width=20 | No. ! | Player (individually) | Title(s) | width=40 | Year(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 1989 | |||
| 2 | 1 | 2022[26] |
| No. | Team | Title(s) | width=40 | Year(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 1990 | ||
| 2 | 1 | 2002 | ||
| 3 | 2 | 2006–07 | ||
| 4 | 1 | 2015 | ||
| 5 | 1 | 2019 | ||
| width=20 | No. ! | Player (individually) | Title(s) | width=40 | Year(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 1997 | |||
| 2 | 1 | 1999 | |||
| 3 | 1 | 2016 |
Top Miami Open Storylines: Transition from Desert Heat to Coastal Battles
