| Sonpur | |
| Settlement Type: | City |
| Pushpin Map: | India Bihar |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in Bihar, India |
| Coordinates: | 25.7°N 85.18°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: |  India |
| Subdivision Type1: | State |
| Subdivision Name1: | Bihar |
| Subdivision Type2: | District |
| Subdivision Name2: | Saran |
| Unit Pref: | Metric |
| Area Total Km2: | 8.27 |
| Population Total: | 2,88,102[1] [2] |
| Population As Of: | 2021 |
| Population Density Km2: | 4568 |
| Demographics Type1: | Languages |
| Demographics1 Title1: | Official |
| Demographics1 Info1: | Hindi |
| Demographics Type2: | Regional Languages |
| Demographics2 Title2: | Regional |
| Demographics2 Info2: | Bhojpuri |
| Timezone1: | IST |
| Utc Offset1: | +5:30 |
| Leader Title2: | MLA |
| Leader Name2: | Dr Ramanauj Prasad (R.J.D) |
| Leader Title3: | Member of Parliament |
| Leader Name3: | Rajiv Pratap Rudy |
| Postal Code Type: | PIN |
| Postal Code: | 841101 |
| Area Code Type: | Telephone code |
| Area Code: | +91-6158 |
| Registration Plate: | BR-04 |
| Blank1 Name Sec1: | Lok Sabha constituency |
| Blank1 Info Sec1: | Saran |
| Blank2 Name Sec1: | Vidhan Sabha constituency |
| Blank2 Info Sec1: | Sonepur |
| Blank4 Name Sec1: | Civic agency |
| Blank4 Info Sec1: | Sonepur Nagar Panchayat |
| Iso Code: | IN-BR |
| Official Name: | Sonepur |
Sonpur, officially named Sonepur, is a city in the Indian state of Bihar, situated on the banks of the Gandaki River and Ganges River in the Saran District. Sonpur hosts Asia's largest cattle fair, which starts on Kartik Poornima.[3]
The town is located at at an altitude of 42 metres (137 ft) above sea level.
The Gandaki River would have been the route of the movement of Buddha and his followers from the Nepalese Tarai to Magadh. This is why many stupas and similar structures, including Pillars of Ashoka, are found on the banks of the river. The location of Pathar Ki Mosque just opposite the confluence of the Gandaki and the Ganges shows the Muslim influence of trade and commerce in medieval times. The current township, Patna, is just the modern version of the makeshift headquarters of military establishments in the old Patna City which in turn was a later version of Pataliputra, the capital of the Maurya Empire.
Sonpur is in the Saran District of Bihar and is easily accessible via railways, roads, and waterways.[4]
Sonpur is nearly 3 km from Hajipur, 25 km from Patna, 58 km from Muzaffarpur and 60 km from Chhapra, the headquarters of Saran District. Buses, taxis and rickshaws are easily available.
The nearest railway station is Sonpur Junction railway station. It has trains connecting to almost every part of India.[5] It is the divisional headquarters of the East Central Railway of the Indian Railways.
The Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation (BSTDC) organizes ferries to Sonpur during the Sonepur Cattle Fair.[4]
The nearest airport to Sonpur is the Jay Prakash Narayan Airport in Patna, around 25 km away.
Real estate prices soared in Sonepur after the start of construction of Digha–Sonpur bridge in 2002.[6] [7] Real estate companies were reported to be acquiring large chunks of land and dividing them into small plots.[8] [9] [10]
See main article: Sonepur Cattle Fair. Sonepur Cattle Fair is held annually in the city.[11] The sight of numerous elephants, decorated for the purpose of sale, is an important visitor attraction.[12] [13]
The fair is held on Kartik Poornima in November. It is also known as Harihar Kshetra Mela and attracts visitors from all over Asia. To date, it is the largest cattle fair of India and stretches on from fifteen days to one month. It has its origins in ancient times: Chandragupta Maurya used to buy elephants and horses across the river Ganges. The Sonepur Cattle Fair once attracted traders from places as distant as Central Asia. In 2001, the number of elephants brought to Sonpur was 92, rising 354 elephants in 2004, while in 2016, 13 elephants made it to the fair,[14] only for display, not for sale.[15] In 2017, there were three tuskers at the fair.[16] The fair continues to attract foreign tourists who come to see various elements of rural settlement.[17] [18] Apart from the photo opportunity, elephants continue to lure foreign tourists. Swiss cottages are set up by Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation (BSTDC) at the Sonpur fair,[19] [20] with facilities with Internet access, motor boat rides on the Gandaki River, food at the tourist village and pre-paid taxis from Patna Airport to the cattle fair.[21] [22] A Disneyland park is set up during the fair.[23] A railgram stall is also set up by railways,[24] with toy trains also being erected for children.[25]
Hariharnath Mandir (Hindi: हरिहर नाथ मंदिर) in Sonpur is also known for being a famous temple and being the site of the Battle of Ghaghra. During Kartik Purnima a ceremonial bathing in the Ganges is held by Hindus. On the day of full moon, immense crowds assemble and bathe. The Shiva temple, Kali temple and other temples and historical religious monuments are situated here and social and economical activities are at their highest peak during the cattle fair period.
According to Uday Pratap Singh, author of the book Baba Hariharanath, before 1757, the Hariharanath Mandir was composed of artistic rock clusters of timber and black stones. These pictures and praises of Hari were engraved on them. Meanwhile, this temple was reconstructed by Ram Narayan Singh, the deputy sub-ruler of Mir Qasim. He was a resident of Nayagaon, Saran. After this, in 1860, the Empress of Tekai built a hospice in the temple premises. In 1871, the remaining three oases of the temple complex were constructed by Maharana Jangbahadur of Nepal. In the 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake, the temple complex, Osara and Pakora were damaged. After this the Birla family rebuilt it. The English writer Harry Abbott has highlighted the importance of this temple in his diary while visiting the Hariharnath Mandir. In 1871, English writer Minden Wilson described the Sonpur fair in his diary.[26]