| Somme | |
| Native Name Lang: | fr |
| Type: | Department of France |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | France |
| Subdivision Type1: | Region |
| Subdivision Name1: | Hauts-de-France |
| Seat Type: | Prefecture |
| Seat: | Amiens |
| Parts Type: | Subprefectures |
| Parts Style: | para |
| P1: | Abbeville Montdidier Péronne |
| Leader Title: | President of the Departmental Council |
| Leader Name: | Stéphane Haussoulier[1] |
| Unit Pref: | Metric |
| Area Total Km2: | 6170 |
| Population Rank: | 44th |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Blank Name Sec1: | Department number |
| Blank Info Sec1: | 80 |
| Blank Name Sec2: | Arrondissements |
| Blank Info Sec2: | 4 |
| Blank1 Name Sec2: | Cantons |
| Blank1 Info Sec2: | 23 |
| Blank2 Name Sec2: | Communes |
| Blank2 Info Sec2: | 772 |
| Timezone1: | CET |
| Utc Offset1: | +1 |
| Timezone1 Dst: | CEST |
| Utc Offset1 Dst: | +2 |
| Iso Code: | FR-80 |
| Footnotes: | French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries, and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km2 |
Somme (in French pronounced as /sɔm/; Sonme) is a department of France, located in the north of the country and named after the Somme river. It is part of the Hauts-de-France region. It is bordered by Pas-de-Calais and Nord to the north, Aisne to the east, Oise to the south and Seine-Maritime to the southwest. To the northwest, its coastline faces the English Channel and it shares maritime borders with Kent and East Sussex in the United Kingdom. It had a population of 570,559 in 2019.[2]
The north central area of the Somme was the site of a series of battles during World War I, including the particularly significant Battle of the Somme in 1916. As a result of this and other battles fought in the area, the department is home to many military cemeteries and several major monuments commemorating the many soldiers from various countries who died on its battlefields. The 1346 Battle of Crécy, a major English victory early in the Hundred Years' War, also took place in this department.
The Somme department is in the current region of Hauts-de-France and is surrounded by the departments of Pas-de-Calais, Nord, Aisne, Oise and Seine-Maritime. In the northwest, it has a coast on the English Channel. The main rivers are the Somme and its tributaries (Avre, Ancre and Noye, the Authie) as well as the Bresle.
The most populous commune is Amiens, the prefecture., there are 9 communes with more than 5,000 inhabitants:[2]
| Commune | Population (2019) | |
|---|---|---|
| Amiens | 134,706 | |
| Abbeville | 22,980 | |
| Albert | 9,779 | |
| Péronne | 7,577 | |
| Corbie | 6,292 | |
| Montdidier | 6,113 | |
| Doullens | 5,890 | |
| Longueau | 5,765 | |
| Roye | 5,693 |
See main article: article and Battle of the Somme.
At the beginning of the First World War, during the Race to the Sea of September and November 1914, the Somme became the site of the Battle of Albert. The battle was a five-day engagement between 25 and 29 September, with the French Tenth Army attacking at Albert and pushing toward Bapaume, and the German Sixth Army counter-attacking back towards Albert. The line settled around the town of Thiepval and remained there until July 1916, when the Battle of the Somme was fought on and around the same ground.
The Battle of the Somme was one of the most costly battles of World War I, by the number of troop casualties, as Allied forces attempted to break through the German lines along a front north and south of the River Somme. The Allies had originally intended the Somme to be the site of one of several simultaneous major offensives by Allied powers against the Central Powers in 1916. However, before these offensives could begin, the Germans attacked first, engaging the Allies at the Battle of Verdun. As this battle dragged on, the purpose of the Somme campaign (which was still in the planning stage) shifted from striking a decisive blow against Germany to drawing German forces away from Verdun and relieving the Allied forces there. By its end, the losses on the Somme had exceeded those at Verdun.
While Verdun would bite deep in the national consciousness of France for generations, the Somme would have the same effect on generations of Britons. The battle is best remembered for its first day, 1 July 1916, on which the British suffered 57,420 casualties, including 19,240 dead—the bloodiest day in the history of the British Army to this day. As terrible as the battle was for the British Empire troops who suffered there, it naturally affected the other nationalities as well. By the end of the battle, the British had learned many lessons in modern warfare, while the Germans had suffered irreplaceable losses. British historian Sir James Edmonds stated, "It is not too much to claim that the foundations of the final victory on the Western Front were laid by the Somme offensive of 1916".
For the first time, the home front in Britain was exposed to the horrors of modern war with the release of the propaganda film The Battle of the Somme, which used actual footage from the first days of the battle.
The Somme experienced war twice more in the First and Second Battles of the Somme of 1918.
Population development since 1801:
The president of the departmental council is Stéphane Haussoulier, elected in July 2021.
| Election | Winning Candidate | Party | % | 2nd Place Candidate | Party | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | Emmanuel Macron | LREM | 45.37 | Marine Le Pen | RN | 54.63 | ||
| 2017[3] | Emmanuel Macron | LREM | 54.22 | Marine Le Pen | FN | 45.78 | ||
| 2012 | François Hollande | PS | 54.41 | Nicolas Sarkozy | UMP | 45.59 | ||
| 2007 | Nicolas Sarkozy | UMP | 50.46 | Ségolène Royal | PS | 49.54 | ||
| 2002 | Jacques Chirac | RPR | 78.26 | Jean-Marie Le Pen | FN | 21.74 | ||