| Somerville | |||||
| Caption1: | Mangemangeroa Reserve | ||||
| City1: | Auckland | ||||
| Council: | Auckland Council | ||||
| Board: | Howick Local Board | ||||
| Ward: | Howick ward | ||||
| Coordinates: | -36.912°N 174.936°W | ||||
| Area: | 156 | ||||
| Map: |
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Somerville is an eastern suburb of the city of Auckland, New Zealand. Most of the houses were built in the 1990s.[1] Before 1990, the area was rural.[2]
Somerville is located on the eastern edges of metropolitan East Auckland, between Whitford Road and Somerville Road. Botany Creek runs west through the suburb to meet the Pakuranga Creek,[3] and the tidal estuary Mangemangeroa Creek is found to the south-east.[4]
The Somerville area is part of the rohe of Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki, who descend from the crew of the Tainui migratory waka, who visited the area around the year 1300.[5] Many Ngāi Tai and Ngāti Pāoa pā sites, middens and other archaeological sites can be found in the Mangemangeroa Valley, which was known for Spiny dogfish Maori: pioke found in the estuary. The area was cultivated by Ngāi Tai, and protected by the Tūwakamana Pā at Cockle Bay.[5]
In 1836, English Missionary William Thomas Fairburn brokered a land sale between Tāmaki Māori chiefs covering the majority of modern-day South Auckland, East Auckland and the Pōhutukawa Coast.[6] The sale was envisioned as a way to end hostilities in the area, but it is unclear what the chiefs understood or consented to. Māori continued to live in the area, unchanged by this sale.[7]
In 1847, Howick township was established as a defensive outpost for Auckland, by fencibles (retired British Army soldiers) and their families. Early settlers in the area shot the kūaka and huahou found in the creek, and fencible soldier John Nicholas purchased a farm on Somerville Road in 1851. In 1854 when Fairburn's purchase was investigated by the New Zealand Land Commission, a Ngāi Tai reserve was created around the Wairoa River and Umupuia areas, and as a part of the agreement, members of Ngāi Tai agreed to leave their traditional settlements to the west, near Howick.[8] [9]
The Somerville family began farming the area in 1863, after Archibald Somerville purchased 103 acres of land from Thomas Brady. The family called their farm Paparoa, after the name for the district, and built a two-storied homestead at the intersection of Howick, Whitford and East Tāmaki roads.[10] In the 19th Century, the Whitford Road bridge across the Botany Creek was locally known as Cowbridge, after the skeleton of a large cow that was next to the bridge from 1860 to 1900. Originally the Somerville family grew wheat and oats, but by 1931 switched to dairy and sheep farming.[10] The Somerville family continued to farm the area until 1988, when the farm was sold to be redeveloped as a subdivision.[11] The Somerville family cowshed was moved to Howick Historical Village in 1986.[12]
The first showroom for the new Somerville Estate was exhibited in 1990,[13] and in 1994 the Manukau City Council purchased 22-hectares of the Somerville farm to develop into Mangemangeroa Reserve, which opened in 2000.[14] In the early 1990s, Entrepreneur Kit Wong, inspired by his parents' experiences of isolation living in Auckland, developed Meadowlands, a commercial and restaurant space in Somerville as an area for the Chinese New Zealander community.[15]
By the mid-1990s, significant residential housing had been constructed in the area,[16] and in 1997 Somerville Intermediate School was opened.[17]
Somerville covers 1.56km2[18] and had an estimated population of as of with a population density of people per km2.
Somerville had a population of 4,473 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 144 people (3.3%) since the 2013 census, and a decrease of 63 people (−1.4%) since the 2006 census. There were 1,392 households, comprising 2,193 males and 2,280 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.96 males per female. The median age was 41.5 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 795 people (17.8%) aged under 15 years, 810 (18.1%) aged 15 to 29, 2,133 (47.7%) aged 30 to 64, and 729 (16.3%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 47.1% European/Pākehā, 3.5% Māori, 2.4% Pacific peoples, 49.3% Asian, and 2.7% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 56.5, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 49.8% had no religion, 34.5% were Christian, 3.7% were Hindu, 1.4% were Muslim, 4.2% were Buddhist and 1.9% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 1,170 (31.8%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 423 (11.5%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $32,400, compared with $31,800 nationally. 789 people (21.5%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,728 (47.0%) people were employed full-time, 477 (13.0%) were part-time, and 138 (3.8%) were unemployed.
Howick College is a secondary school (years 9–13) with a roll of . It opened in 1974.[19] Somerville Intermediate School is an intermediate school (years 7–8) with a roll of . The school opened in 1997.[16] Both schools are coeducational. Rolls are as of