| Country: | Poland |
| Sovereign Poland | |
| Native Name: | Suwerenna Polska |
| Leader: | Zbigniew Ziobro |
| Secretary General: | Andrzej Dera |
| Foundation: | 24 March 2012 |
| Dissolved: | 12 October 2024 |
| Split: | Law and Justice |
| Merged: | Law and Justice |
| Position: | Right-wing to far-right |
| Religion: | Roman Catholicism |
| Youth Wing: | The New Generation (pl|Nowe Pokolenie) |
| National: | United Right |
| European: | Movement for a Europe of Liberties and Democracy (2011–2015) |
| Europarl: | Europe of Freedom and Democracy (2012–2014) European Conservatives and Reformists (since 2019) |
Sovereign Poland (pl|Suwerenna Polska, SP), also known as United Poland[1] [2] (pl|Solidarna Polska; alternatively translated to Solidarity Poland),[3] [4] until 2023, was a Catholic-nationalist political party in Poland led by Zbigniew Ziobro. It was founded in 2012, as the Catholic-nationalist split from the Law and Justice, with whom they later formed the United Right alliance in 2014. Sovereign Poland merged with Law and Justice on 12 October 2024.
The party has been described as national-conservative,[5] nationalist,[6] and Catholic-nationalist.[7] [8] [9] It was also staunchly socially conservative.[10] [11] [12] It was opposed to abortion and euthanasia, and supported extending maternity leave to nine months. It was eurosceptic,[13] [14] Anti-LGBT[15] and its staunch opposition to same-sex marriage was cited as a main reason it left the ECR group in the European Parliament in 2012. It has also been described as right-wing populist mainly due to their opposition to immigration.[16] It has been described as right-wing[17] [18] [19] and far-right.[20] [21] [22] [23]
In its 2013 program, United Poland called for the government intervention in the economy, especially tax policy.[24] The party has called for a 'fat cat' tax on big companies, including supermarkets, and backs higher taxes on those who earn over 10,000 złotych (€2,400) a month.
During the tenure of then-United Poland leader Zbigniew Ziobro as Minister of Justice, Ziobro was the architect of judicial reforms to the Constitutional Tribunal, which resulted in the Polish Constitutional Tribunal crisis.[25] Law and Justice Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki has blamed United Poland for failures associated with these reforms, while Ziobro has criticised Law and Justice and President Andrzej Duda for blocking elements of the reform package.[26]
In 2022, United Poland called for tougher blasphemy laws in Poland, such as three-year jail terms for insulting church or interrupting Mass. [27]
After Ziobro and fellow MEPs Tadeusz Cymański and Jacek Kurski were ejected from PiS for disloyalty on 4 November 2011,[28] Ziobro's supporters within PiS formed a new group in the Sejm.[29] Despite claims that the new group was not attempting to form a new party, the MPs were expelled from Law and Justice.[30] The party was founded in 2012 by Law and Justice (PiS) MEP Zbigniew Ziobro, who led the party's conservative Catholic-nationalist faction.[31]
In 2012, their MEPs left the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) to join the Europe of Freedom and Democracy (EFD) group in opposition to the ECR's more liberal stance on gay marriage, its support for the EU's climate change policy, and its advocacy of cuts to the Common Agricultural Policy.[32]
The party was officially launched on 24 March 2012. At the time, opinion polls put the party just around 2%. In a 2020 poll, it found that if the party ran independent from the United Right it would gain 5.4% votes.[33]
Sovereign Poland merged with Law and Justice on 12 October 2024 during PiS congress in Przysucha,[34] despite concerns from some high-ranking members of both parties.[35] [36]
| Election year | Candidate | 1st round | 2nd round | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % of overall vote |
| % of overall vote | |||
| 2015 | Supported Andrzej Duda | 5,179,092 | 34.8 (#1) | 8,719,281 | 51.5 (#1) | |
| 2020 | Supported Andrzej Duda | 8,450,513 | 43.50 (#1) | 10,440,648 | 51.03% (#1) | |
Leader:Zbigniew ZiobroVice-Leaders:Beata KempaMichał WośMichał WójcikSecretary:Piotr CiepluchaChairman of the General Council:Edward Siarka
| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Government |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 | Zbigniew Ziobro | 5,711,687 | 37.6 (#1) | |||
| As part of the United Right coalition, that won 235 seats in total.[37] | ||||||
| 2019 | Zbigniew Ziobro | 8,051,935 | 43.6 (#1) | 2 | ||
| As part of the United Right coalition, that won 235 seats in total. | ||||||
| 2023 | Zbigniew Ziobro | 7,640,854 | 35.4 (#1) | 8 | ||
| As part of the United Right coalition, that won 194 seats in total. | ||||||
| Election | Seats | +/– | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 | |||||
| As part of the United Right coalition, that won 61 seats in total. | |||||
| 2019 | 0 | ||||
| As part of the United Right coalition, that won 48 seats in total. | |||||
| 2023 | 1 | ||||
| As part of the United Right coalition, that won 34 seats in total. | |||||
| Election | Votes | Leader | % | Seats | +/– | EP Group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | Zbigniew Ziobro | 281,079 | 4.20 (#6) | New | – | |
| 2019 | Zbigniew Ziobro | 6,192,780 | 45.38 (#1) | 1 | ECR | |
| As part of the United Right coalition, that won 27 seats in total. | ||||||
| 2024 | Zbigniew Ziobro | 4,253,169 | 36.16 (#2) | 1 | ECR | |
| As part of the United Right coalition, that won 20 seats in total. | ||||||