Sovereign Poland Explained

Country:Poland
Sovereign Poland
Native Name:Suwerenna Polska
Leader:Zbigniew Ziobro
Secretary General:Andrzej Dera
Foundation:24 March 2012
Split:Law and Justice
Position:Right-wing to far-right
Religion:Roman Catholicism
Youth Wing:The New Generation (Polish: Nowe Pokolenie)
National:United Right
European:Movement for a Europe of Liberties and Democracy (2011–2015)
Europarl:Europe of Freedom and Democracy (2012–2014)
European Conservatives and Reformists (since 2019)
Seats1 Title:Sejm
Seats2 Title:Senate
Seats3 Title:European Parliament
Seats4 Title:City Presidents
Seats5 Title:Regional assemblies

Sovereign Poland (Polish: Suwerenna Polska, SP), also known as United Poland[1] [2] (Polish: Solidarna Polska; alternatively translated to Solidarity Poland),[3] [4] until 2023, is a Catholic-nationalist political party in Poland led by Zbigniew Ziobro. It was founded in 2012, as the Catholic-nationalist split from the Law and Justice, with whom they later formed the United Right alliance in 2014.

Ideology

The party has been described as national-conservative,[5] nationalist,[6] and Catholic-nationalist.[7] [8] [9] It is also staunchly socially conservative.[10] [11] [12] It is opposed to abortion and euthanasia, and supports extending maternity leave to nine months. It is eurosceptic,[13] [14] Anti-LGBT[15] and its staunch opposition to same-sex marriage was cited as a main reason it left the ECR group in the European Parliament in 2012. It has also been described as right-wing populist mainly due to their opposition to immigration.[16] It has been described as right-wing[17] [18] [19] and far-right.[20] [21] [22] [23]

In its 2013 program, United Poland called for the government intervention in the economy, especially tax policy.[24] The party has called for a 'fat cat' tax on big companies, including supermarkets, and backs higher taxes on those who earn over 10,000 złotych (€2,400) a month.

In 2022, United Poland called for tougher blasphemy laws in Poland, such as three-year jail terms for insulting church or interrupting Mass. [25]

History

After Ziobro and fellow MEPs Tadeusz Cymański and Jacek Kurski were ejected from PiS for disloyalty on 4 November 2011,[26] Ziobro's supporters within PiS formed a new group in the Sejm.[27] Despite claims that the new group was not attempting to form a new party, the MPs were expelled from Law and Justice.[28] The party was founded in 2012 by Law and Justice (PiS) MEP Zbigniew Ziobro, who led the party's conservative Catholic-nationalist faction.[29]

In 2012, their MEPs left the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) to join the Europe of Freedom and Democracy (EFD) group in opposition to the ECR's more liberal stance on gay marriage, its support for the EU's climate change policy, and its advocacy of cuts to the Common Agricultural Policy.[30]

The party was officially launched on 24 March 2012. At the time, opinion polls put the party just around 2%. In a 2020 poll, it found that if the party ran independent from the United Right it would gain 5.4% votes.[31]

Representatives

Members of the Sejm

Member of the Senate

Members of the European Parliament

Election results

Sejm

Leader:Zbigniew ZiobroVice-Leaders:Beata KempaMichał WośMichał WójcikSecretary:Piotr CiepluchaChairman of the General Council:Edward Siarka

Election yearLeader
  1. of
    votes
% of
vote
  1. of
    overall seats won
+/–Government
2015Zbigniew Ziobro5,711,687 37.6 (#1)
As part of the United Right coalition, which won 235 seats in total.[32]
20198,051,935 43.6 (#1) 2
As part of the United Right coalition, which won 235 seats in total.
20237,640,854 35.4 (#1) 8
As part of the United Right coalition, which won 194 seats in total.

Senate

Election year
  1. of
    overall seats won
+/–
2015
As part of the United Right coalition, which won 61 seats in total.
2019 0
As part of the United Right coalition, which won 48 seats in total.
2023 1
As part of the United Right coalition, which won 34 seats in total.

Presidential

Election yearCandidate1st round2nd round
  1. of overall votes
% of overall vote
  1. of overall votes
% of overall vote
2015Supported Andrzej Duda5,179,09234.8 (#1)8,719,28151.5 (#1)
2020Supported Andrzej Duda8,450,51343.50 (#1)10,440,64851.03% (#1)

European Parliament

Election year
  1. of
    votes
% of
vote
  1. of
    overall seats won
+/–
2014281,0793.98 (#6)
20196,192,780 45.38 (#1) 1
As part of the United Right coalition, which won 27 seats in total.
20244,253,169 36.16 (#2) 1
As part of the United Right coalition, which won 27 seats in total.

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Lettau . Felix . 21 February 2014 . Poland . Project for Democratic Union.
  2. Book: Daniel, William T. . Career Behaviour and the European Parliament: All Roads Lead Through Brussels? . Oxford University Press . 2015 . 149.
  3. Book: Jaskiernia, Jerzy . Poland . Routledge . 2016 . Donatella M. Viola.
  4. Book: Stępińska, Agnieszka . Political Advertising During the 2014 Polish EU Parliamentary Election Campaign . Political Communication and European Parliamentary Elections in Times of Crisis . Palgrave Macmillan . 2017 . Ruxandra Boicu . 14, 18–21 . etal.
  5. Book: Krzypinski, Dariusz . Patterns of Recruitment of Polish Candidates in the 2014 European Parliament Elections . Ruxandra Boicu . etal . Political Communication and European Parliamentary Elections in Times of Crisis . Palgrave Macmillan . 2017 . 245.
  6. Web site: "Solidarity Poland (Solidarna Polska, SP) absorbed a big portion of the radical nationalist ideology". Friedrich Ebert Foundation. Right-Wing Extremism in Poland. Rafal. Pankowski. 2012.
  7. Book: Brent F. . Nelsen . James L. . Guth . Religion and the Struggle for European Union: Confessional Culture and the Limits of Integration . Georgetown University Press . 2015.
  8. Web site: Tidey. Alice. 2020-08-19. Poland to give money to "LGBT free" towns denied EU funding. 2021-11-17. euronews. en.
  9. Web site: Burdeau. Cain. 12 August 2021. Media, Holocaust laws in Poland draw US condemnation. 2021-11-17. Courthouse News Service.
  10. Book: Napieralski, Bartosz. Political Catholicism and Euroscepticism. 2017. Routledge. Both splinter parties remained socially conservative.
  11. News: 2021-04-29. Poland's fragmented opposition lets the governing party run wild. The Economist. 2021-11-17. 0013-0613.
  12. News: 2021-03-20. Polish doctors torn over mental health as grounds to bypass near-total abortion ban. en. Reuters. 2021-11-17.
  13. Book: Stoyanov, Dragomir . Central and East European Euroscepticism in 2014: Domestic Politics Matter! . Julie Hassing Nielsen . Mark N. Franklin . The Eurosceptic 2014 European Parliament Elections: Second Order or Second Rate? . Palgrave Macmillan . 2017 . 114.
  14. News: 2021-07-30. Polish president says changes needed to judges' disciplinary system. en. Reuters. 2021-11-17.
  15. Web site: Tęczowe opaski na "Sylwestrze Marzeń" dzielą PiS i Solidarną Polskę. Co z 2 mld zł z budżetu państwa dla TVP? . www.wirtualnemedia.pl . 6 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230102235104/https://www.wirtualnemedia.pl/artykul/solidarna-polska-pis-ustawa-budzetowa-pieniadze-dla-tvp-zagrozone . Jan 2, 2023 . pl . 3 January 2023 . live.
  16. Explaining Support for Right-Wing Populist Parties in Central and Eastern Europe. ECPR General Conference. 25 August 2018. Hamburg. Piotr. Zagorski. Andres. Santana. 26.
  17. Book: Freedom in the World 2015. 544. Freedom House. 2015. Rowman & Littlefield.
  18. News: International Business Times. 13 January 2016. The rise of the far-right in Poland: No more Eurovision, vegetarians or cyclists.
  19. Web site: 2021-03-15. Polish political crisis over EU pandemic recovery fund. 2021-11-17. POLITICO. en-US.
  20. News: . Nigel Farage heads for row over Ukip's anti-gay allies . 15 December 2012 .
  21. Web site: Mendel-Nykorowycz. Andrzej. 2021-01-08. Why Poland threatened to veto the EU recovery fund – European Council on Foreign Relations. 2021-11-17. ECFR. en-GB.
  22. Web site: 2020-07-28. Why Poland's "win" on the EU climate budget rings hollow. 2021-11-17. New Statesman. en-US.
  23. Web site: Money for Nothing? PiS Appears Ready to Call EU's Bluff Over Recovery Funds Standoff [EXCLUSIVE]]. 2021-11-17. gazetapl. en.
  24. Web site: SolROOF - Zintegrowany Dach Fotowoltaiczny Solarny - SteelProfil - Najtańsze Płyty Warstwowe, Blachy Trapezowe, Płyty PIR i XPS. https://web.archive.org/web/20131224111222/http://www.solidarna.org.pl/blogroll/gospodarka/. dead. 24 December 2013.
  25. Web site: Polish coalition party proposes three-year jail terms for insulting church or interrupting mass . 14 April 2022 .
  26. News: New Polish conservative party launched . TheNews.pl . 26 March 2012 . 31 May 2012.
  27. News: Conservative MPs form 'Poland United' breakaway group after dismissals . TheNews.pl . 8 November 2011 . 31 May 2012.
  28. News: MPs axed by Law and Justice opposition . TheNews.pl . 15 November 2011 . 31 May 2012.
  29. News: 11 October 2011. Party members 'furious' following conservative defeat. TheNews.pl. 31 May 2012.
  30. News: Polish MEPs leave ECR group . Constant . Brand . . 2 January 2012 . 31 May 2012.
  31. Web site: Ziobro's party would win seats if elections were held - daily.
  32. Prawapolityka.pl Energetyka, samorządy, demografia – WYWIAD z dr Janem Klawiterem http://prawapolityka.pl/2015/11/energetyka-samorzady-demografia-wywiad-z-dr-janem-klawiterem/

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