Oracle Solaris Explained

Solaris
Logo Size:150px
Developer:Sun Microsystems (acquired by Oracle Corporation in 2010)
Family:Unix (SVR4)
Working State:Current
Source Model:Mixed
Latest Release Version:11.4 SRU71[1]
Marketing Target:Server, workstation
Programmed In:C, C++
Supported Platforms:Current: SPARC, x86-64
Former: IA-32, PowerPC
Kernel Type:Monolithic with dynamically loadable modules
Userland:POSIX
Ui:GNOME[2]
License:Various
Preceded By:SunOS

Solaris is a proprietary Unix operating system originally developed by Sun Microsystems. After the Sun acquisition by Oracle in 2010, it was renamed Oracle Solaris.[3]

Solaris superseded the company's earlier SunOS in 1993, and became known for its scalability, especially on SPARC systems, and for originating many innovative features such as DTrace, ZFS and Time Slider.[4] [5] Solaris supports SPARC and x86-64 workstations and servers from Oracle and other vendors. Solaris was registered as compliant with the Single UNIX Specification until 29 April 2019.[6] [7] [8]

Historically, Solaris was developed as proprietary software. In June 2005, Sun Microsystems released most of the codebase under the CDDL license, and founded the OpenSolaris open-source project.[9] With OpenSolaris, Sun wanted to build a developer and user community around the software. After the acquisition of Sun Microsystems in January 2010, Oracle decided to discontinue the OpenSolaris distribution and the development model.[10] [11] In August 2010, Oracle discontinued providing public updates to the source code of the Solaris kernel, effectively turning Solaris 11 back into a closed source proprietary operating system.[12] Following that, OpenSolaris was forked as Illumos and is alive through several illumos distributions. In September 2017, Oracle laid off most of the Solaris teams.[13]

History

In 1987, AT&T Corporation and Sun announced that they were collaborating on a project to merge the most popular Unix variants on the market at that time: Berkeley Software Distribution, UNIX System V, and Xenix. This became Unix System V Release 4 (SVR4).[14]

On September 4, 1991, Sun announced that it would replace its existing BSD-derived Unix, SunOS 4, with one based on SVR4. This was identified internally as SunOS 5, but a new marketing name was introduced at the same time: Solaris 2.[15] The justification for this new overbrand was that it encompassed not only SunOS, but also the OpenWindows graphical user interface and Open Network Computing (ONC) functionality.

Although SunOS 4.1.x micro releases were retroactively named Solaris 1 by Sun, the Solaris name is used almost exclusively to refer only to the releases based on SVR4-derived SunOS 5.0 and later.[16]

For releases based on SunOS 5, the SunOS minor version is included in the Solaris release number. For example, Solaris 2.4 incorporates SunOS 5.4. After Solaris 2.6, the 2. was dropped from the release name, so Solaris 7 incorporates SunOS 5.7, and the latest release SunOS 5.11 forms the core of Solaris 11.4.

Although SunSoft stated in its initial Solaris 2 press release their intent to eventually support both SPARC and x86 systems, the first two Solaris 2 releases, 2.0 and 2.1, were SPARC-only. An x86 version of Solaris 2.1 was released in June 1993, about 6 months after the SPARC version, as a desktop and uniprocessor workgroup server operating system. It included the Wabi emulator to support Windows applications.[17] At the time, Sun also offered the Interactive Unix system that it had acquired from Interactive Systems Corporation.[18] In 1994, Sun released Solaris 2.4, supporting both SPARC and x86 systems from a unified source code base.

In 2011, the Solaris 11 kernel source code leaked.[19] [20]

On September 2, 2017, Simon Phipps, a former Sun Microsystems employee not hired by Oracle in the acquisition, reported on Twitter that Oracle had laid off the Solaris core development staff, which many interpreted as sign that Oracle no longer intended to support future development of the platform.[21] While Oracle did have a large layoff of Solaris development engineering staff, development continued and Solaris 11.4 was released in 2018.[22] [23]

Supported architectures

Solaris uses a common code base for the platforms it supports: 64-bit SPARC and x86-64.

Solaris has a reputation for being well-suited to symmetric multiprocessing, supporting a large number of CPUs.[24] It has historically been tightly integrated with Sun's SPARC hardware (including support for 64-bit SPARC applications since Solaris 7), with which it is marketed as a combined package. This has led to more reliable systems, but at a cost premium compared to commodity PC hardware. However, it has supported x86 systems since Solaris 2.1 and 64-bit x86 applications since Solaris 10, allowing Sun to capitalize on the availability of commodity 64-bit CPUs based on the x86-64 architecture. Sun heavily marketed Solaris for use with both its own x86-64-based Sun Java Workstation and the x86-64 models of the Sun Ultra series workstations, and servers based on AMD Opteron and Intel Xeon processors, as well as x86 systems manufactured by companies such as Dell,[25] Hewlett-Packard, and IBM., the following vendors support Solaris for their x86 server systems:

Other platforms

Solaris 2.5.1 included support for the PowerPC platform (PowerPC Reference Platform), but the port was canceled before the Solaris 2.6 release. In January 2006, a community of developers at Blastwave began work on a PowerPC port which they named Polaris.[30] In October 2006, an OpenSolaris community project based on the Blastwave efforts and Sun Labs' Project Pulsar,[31] which re-integrated the relevant parts from Solaris 2.5.1 into OpenSolaris,[32] announced its first official source code release.[33]

A port of Solaris to the Intel Itanium architecture was announced in 1997 but never brought to market.[34]

On November 28, 2007, IBM, Sun, and Sine Nomine Associates demonstrated a preview of OpenSolaris for System z running on an IBM System z mainframe under z/VM,[35] called Sirius (in analogy to the Polaris project, and also due to the primary developer's Australian nationality: HMS Sirius of 1786 was a ship of the First Fleet to Australia). On October 17, 2008, a prototype release of Sirius was made available[36] and on November 19 the same year, IBM authorized the use of Sirius on System z Integrated Facility for Linux (IFL) processors.[37]

Solaris also supports the Linux platform application binary interface (ABI), allowing Solaris to run native Linux binaries on x86 systems. This feature is called Solaris Containers for Linux Applications (SCLA), based on the branded zones functionality introduced in Solaris 10 8/07.[38]

Installation and usage options

Solaris can be installed from various pre-packaged software groups, ranging from a minimalistic Reduced Network Support to a complete Entire Plus OEM. Installation of Solaris is not necessary for an individual to use the system. The DVD ISO image can be used to load Solaris, running in-memory, rather than initiating the installation.Additional software, like Apache, MySQL, etc. can be installed as well in a packaged form from sunfreeware[39] and OpenCSW.[40] Solaris can be installed from physical media or a network for use on a desktop or server, or be used without installing on a desktop or server.

Updates

There are several types of updates within each major release, including the Software Packages, and the Oracle Solaris Image.

Additional minor updates called Support Repository Updates (SRUs) and Critical Patch Update Packages (CPUs), require a support credential, thus are not freely available to the public.[41]

Desktop environments

Early releases of Solaris used OpenWindows as the standard desktop environment. In Solaris 2.0 to 2.2, OpenWindows supported both NeWS and X applications, and provided backward compatibility for SunView applications from Sun's older desktop environment. NeWS allowed applications to be built in an object-oriented way using PostScript, a common printing language released in 1982. The X Window System originated from MIT's Project Athena in 1984 and allowed for the display of an application to be disconnected from the machine where the application was running, separated by a network connection. Sun's original bundled SunView application suite was ported to X.

Sun later dropped support for legacy SunView applications and NeWS with OpenWindows 3.3, which shipped with Solaris 2.3, and switched to X11R5 with Display Postscript support. The graphical look and feel remained based upon OPEN LOOK. OpenWindows 3.6.2 was the last release under Solaris 8. The OPEN LOOK Window Manager (olwm) with other OPEN LOOK specific applications were dropped in Solaris 9, but support libraries were still bundled, providing long term binary backwards compatibility with existing applications. The OPEN LOOK Virtual Window Manager (olvwm) can still be downloaded for Solaris from sunfreeware and works on releases as recent as Solaris 10.

Sun and other Unix vendors created an industry alliance to standardize Unix desktops. As a member of the Common Open Software Environment (COSE) initiative, Sun helped co-develop the Common Desktop Environment (CDE). This was an initiative to create a standard Unix desktop environment. Each vendor contributed different components: Hewlett-Packard contributed the window manager, IBM provided the file manager, and Sun provided the e-mail and calendar facilities as well as drag-and-drop support (ToolTalk). This new desktop environment was based upon the Motif look and feel and the old OPEN LOOK desktop environment was considered legacy. CDE unified Unix desktops across multiple open system vendors. CDE was available as an unbundled add-on for Solaris 2.4 and 2.5, and was included in Solaris 2.6 through 10.

In 2001, Sun issued a preview release of the open-source desktop environment GNOME 1.4, based on the GTK+ toolkit, for Solaris 8.[42] Solaris 9 8/03 introduced GNOME 2.0 as an alternative to CDE. Solaris 10 includes Sun's Java Desktop System (JDS), which is based on GNOME and comes with a large set of applications, including StarOffice, Sun's office suite. Sun describes JDS as a "major component" of Solaris 10.[43] The Java Desktop System is not included in Solaris 11 which instead ships with a stock version of GNOME.[44] Likewise, CDE applications are no longer included in Solaris 11, but many libraries remain for binary backwards compatibility.

The open source desktop environments KDE and Xfce, along with numerous other window managers, also compile and run on recent versions of Solaris.

Sun was investing in a new desktop environment called Project Looking Glass since 2003. The project has been inactive since late 2006.[45]

License

Traditional operating system license (1992 to 2004)

For versions up to 2005 (Solaris 9), Solaris was licensed under a license that permitted a customer to buy licenses in bulk, and install the software on any machine up to a maximum number. The key license grant was:

In addition, the license provided a "License to Develop" granting rights to create derivative works, restricted copying to only a single archival copy, disclaimer of warranties, and the like. The license varied only little through 2004.

Open source (2005 until March 2010)

From 2005–10, Sun began to release the source code for development builds of Solaris under the Common Development and Distribution License (CDDL) via the OpenSolaris project. This code was based on the work being done for the post-Solaris 10 release (code-named "Nevada"; eventually released as Oracle Solaris 11). As the project progressed, it grew to encompass most of the necessary code to compile an entire release, with a few exceptions.[46]

Post-Sun closed source (March 2010 to present)

When Sun was acquired by Oracle in 2010, the OpenSolaris project was discontinued after the board became unhappy with Oracle's stance on the project.[47] In March 2010, the previously freely available Solaris 10 was placed under a restrictive license that limited the use, modification and redistribution of the operating system.[48] The license allowed the user to download the operating system free of charge, through the Oracle Technology Network, and use it for a 90-day trial period. After that trial period had expired the user would then have to purchase a support contract from Oracle to continue using the operating system.

With the release of Solaris 11 in 2011, the license terms changed again. The new license allows Solaris 10 and Solaris 11 to be downloaded free of charge from the Oracle Technology Network and used without a support contract indefinitely; however, the license only expressly permits the user to use Solaris as a development platform and expressly forbids commercial and "production" use.[49] Educational use is permitted in some circumstances. From the OTN license:

When Solaris is used without a support contract it can be upgraded to each new "point release"; however, a support contract is required for access to patches and updates that are released monthly.[50]

Version history

Notable features of Solaris include DTrace, Doors, Service Management Facility, Solaris Containers, Solaris Multiplexed I/O, Solaris Volume Manager, ZFS, and Solaris Trusted Extensions.

Updates to Solaris versions are periodically issued. In the past, these were named after the month and year of their release, such as "Solaris 10 1/13"; as of Solaris 11, sequential update numbers are appended to the release name with a period, such as "Oracle Solaris 11.4".

In ascending order, the following versions of Solaris have been released:

Solaris versionSunOS versionRelease dateEnd of support[51] BasisLicense formMajor new features
SPARCx86SPARC/x86
4.1.xalign=center 1991–1994align=center –align=center September 20034.3BSDalign=center Traditional licenseSunOS 4 rebranded as Solaris 1 for marketing purposes. See SunOS article for more information.
5.0align=center June 1992align=center –align=center January 1999SVR4align=center Traditional licensePreliminary release (primarily available to developers only), support for only the sun4c architecture. First appearance of NIS+.[52]
5.1align=center December 1992align=center May 1993align=center April 1999SVR4align=center Traditional licenseSupport for sun4 and sun4m architectures added; first Solaris x86 release. First Solaris 2 release to support SMP.
5.2align=center May 1993align=center –align=center May 1999SVR4align=center Traditional licenseSPARC-only release. First to support sun4d architecture. First to support multithreading libraries (UI threads API in libthread).[53]
5.3align=center November 1993align=center –align=center June 2002SVR4align=center Traditional licenseSPARC-only release. OpenWindows 3.3 switches from NeWS to Display PostScript and drops SunView support. Support added for autofs and CacheFS filesystems.
5.4November 1994align=center September 2003SVR4align=center Traditional licenseFirst unified SPARC/x86 release. Includes OSF/Motif runtime support.
5.5November 1995align=center December 2003SVR4align=center Traditional licenseFirst to support UltraSPARC and include CDE, NFSv3 and NFS/TCP. Dropped sun4 (VMEbus) support. POSIX.1c-1995 pthreads added. Doors added but undocumented.[54]
5.5.1May 1996align=center September 2005SVR4align=center Traditional licenseThe only Solaris release that supports PowerPC;[55] Ultra Enterprise support added; user and group IDs (uid_t, gid_t) expanded to 32 bits,[56] also included processor sets[57] and early resource management technologies.
5.6July 1997align=center July 2006SVR4align=center Traditional licenseIncludes Kerberos 5, PAM, TrueType fonts, WebNFS, large file support, enhanced procfs. SPARCserver 600MP series support dropped.[58] Last update was Solaris 2.6 5/98.
5.7November 1998align=center August 2008SVR4align=center Traditional licenseThe first 64-bit UltraSPARC release. Added native support for file system meta-data logging (UFS logging). Dropped MCA support on x86 platform. Sun dropped the prefix "2." in the Solaris version number, leaving "Solaris 7". Last update was Solaris 7 11/99.[59]
5.8February 2000align=center March 2012SVR4align=center Traditional licenseIncludes Multipath I/O, Solstice DiskSuite,[60] IPMP, first support for IPv6 and IPsec (manual keying only), mdb Modular Debugger. Introduced Role-Based Access Control (RBAC); sun4c support removed. Last update is Solaris 8 2/04.[61]
5.9align=center May 28, 2002align=center January 10, 2003align=center October 2014SVR4align=center Traditional licenseiPlanet Directory Server, Resource Manager, extended file attributes, IKE IPsec keying, and Linux compatibility added; OpenWindows dropped, sun4d support removed. Most current update is Solaris 9 9/05 HW.[62]
5.10align=center January 2027SVR4before Oracle acquisition in March 2010, open source under CDDL

after March 2010, Post-Sun closed source		Includes x86-64 (AMD64/Intel 64) support, DTrace (Dynamic Tracing), Solaris Containers, Service Management Facility (SMF) which replaces init.d scripts, NFSv4. Least privilege security model. Support for sun4m and UltraSPARC I processors removed. Support for EISA-based PCs removed. Adds Java Desktop System (based on GNOME) as default desktop.[63]
  • Solaris 10 1/06 (known internally as "U1") added the GRUB bootloader for x86 systems, iSCSI Initiator support and fcinfo command-line tool.
  • Solaris 10 6/06 ("U2") added the ZFS filesystem.
  • Solaris 10 11/06 ("U3") added Solaris Trusted Extensions and Logical Domains (sun4v).
  • Solaris 10 8/07 ("U4") added Samba Active Directory support,[64] IP Instances (part of the OpenSolaris Network Virtualization and Resource Control project), iSCSI Target support and Solaris Containers for Linux Applications (based on branded zones), enhanced version of the Resource Capping Daemon (rcapd).
  • Solaris 10 5/08 ("U5") added CPU capping for Solaris Containers, performance improvements, SpeedStep support for Intel processors and PowerNow! support for AMD processors.[65] [66]
  • Solaris 10 10/08 ("U6") added boot from ZFS and can use ZFS as its root file system. Solaris 10 10/08 also includes virtualization enhancements including the ability for a Solaris Container to automatically update its environment when moved from one system to another, Logical Domains support for dynamically reconfigurable disk and network I/O, and paravirtualization support when Solaris 10 is used as a guest OS in Xen-based environments such as Sun xVM Server.[67]
  • Solaris 10 5/09 ("U7") added performance and power management support for Intel Nehalem processors, container cloning using ZFS cloned file systems, and performance enhancements for ZFS on solid-state drives.
  • Solaris 10 10/09 ("U8") added user and group level ZFS quotas, ZFS cache devices and nss_ldap shadowAccount Support, improvements to patching performance.[68]
  • Solaris 10 9/10 ("U9") added physical to zone migration, ZFS triple parity RAID-Z and Oracle Solaris Auto Registration.[69]
  • Solaris 10 8/11 ("U10") added ZFS speedups and new features, Oracle Database optimization, faster reboot on SPARC system.[70] [71]
  • Solaris 10 1/13 ("U11") see release notes.[72] [73]
5.11align=center November 2011SVR4align=center Post-Sun closed sourceAdds new packaging system (IPS – Image Packaging System) and associated tools, ZFS (only) for boot, 1 GB RAM min., x86, Solaris 10 Containers, network virtualization and quality of service (QoS), virtual consoles, ZFS encryption and deduplication, fast reboot,[74] updated GNOME. Removed Xsun, CDE,[75] and the /usr/ucb BSD-compatible commands
5.11SVR4align=center Post-Sun closed sourceNew features and enhancements (compared to Solaris 10) in software packaging, network virtualization, server virtualization, storage, security and hardware support:
  • Packaging: Image Packaging System, network and local package repositories; Automated Installer to automated provisioning, including Zones; Distro Constructor to create ISO 9660 filesystem images;
  • Network: network virtualization (vNICs, vSwitches, vRouters) and QoS, Exclusive–IP default for Zones, the dladm utility to manage data links, the ipadm utility to manage IP configuration (including IPMP), ProFTPD and enhancements;
  • Zones: Immutable (read–only) Zones, NFS servers in zones, delegated administration, P2V pre–flight check, the zonestat utility coupled with the libzonestat dynamically linked library;
  • Security: root as a role, netcat and enhancements;
  • Storage: ZFS shadow migration, ZFS backup/restore with NDMP, recursive ZFS send;
  • Hardware support: SPARC T4, critical threads, SDP enabled and optimized, including support for Zones, SR-IOV, Intel AVX;
  • UEFI Boot support (Solaris 11.1 onwards on x86)
  • UltraSPARC II, III, IV series support removed; IA-32 architecture support removed.[76]
5.11SVR4align=center Post-Sun closed sourceNew features and enhancements:[77] [78] [79]
5.11SVR4align=center Post-Sun closed sourceNew features and enhancements:[81]
5.11align=center January 2027SVR4align=center Post-Sun closed sourceNew features and enhancements:[83]
  • Live migration of Solaris Kernel Zones
  • InfiniBand support for Kernel Zones
  • Virtual Clocks for Solaris Zones
  • ZFS LZ4
  • SMB 2.1
  • Private VLAN
  • VNICs on IPoIB
  • Periodic and Scheduled Services
  • Tailored Compliance Reporting
  • OpenBSD 5.5 Packet Filter
  • Deferred Dump
  • Integration with OpenStack Juno
5.11align=center November 2037[84] SVR4align=center Post-Sun closed sourceNew features and enhancements:[85]
  • CPUs with OSA2011 architecture required (UltraSPARC T4, SPARC64 X, or better)[86]
  • ZFS Top-Level Device Removal. zpool remove
  • Solaris Web Dashboard and Analytics (sstore)
  • Native Zones: Live Zone Reconfiguration for Datasets
  • GNOME 3 instead of the GNOME 2 desktop[87]

A more comprehensive summary of some Solaris versions is also available.[88] Solaris releases are also described in the Solaris 2 FAQ.[89]

Development release

The underlying Solaris codebase has been under continuous development since work began in the late 1980s on what was eventually released as Solaris 2.0. Each version such as Solaris 10 is based on a snapshot of this development codebase, taken near the time of its release, which is then maintained as a derived project. Updates to that project are built and delivered several times a year until the next official release comes out.

The Solaris version under development by Sun since the release of Solaris 10 in 2005, was codenamed Nevada, and is derived from what is now the OpenSolaris codebase.

In 2003, an addition to the Solaris development process was initiated. Under the program name Software Express for Solaris (or just Solaris Express), a binary release based on the current development basis was made available for download on a monthly basis, allowing anyone to try out new features and test the quality and stability of the OS as it progressed to the release of the next official Solaris version.[90] A later change to this program introduced a quarterly release model with support available, renamed Solaris Express Developer Edition (SXDE).

In 2007, Sun announced Project Indiana with several goals, including providing an open source binary distribution of the OpenSolaris project, replacing SXDE.[91] The first release of this distribution was OpenSolaris 2008.05.

The Solaris Express Community Edition (SXCE) was intended specifically for OpenSolaris developers.[92] It was updated every two weeks until it was discontinued in January 2010, with a recommendation that users migrate to the OpenSolaris distribution.[93] Although the download license seen when downloading the image files indicates its use is limited to personal, educational and evaluation purposes, the license acceptance form displayed when the user actually installs from these images lists additional uses including commercial and production environments.

SXCE releases terminated with build 130 and OpenSolaris releases terminated with build 134 a few weeks later. The next release of OpenSolaris based on build 134 was due in March 2010, but it was never fully released, though the packages were made available on the package repository. Instead, Oracle renamed the binary distribution Solaris 11 Express, changed the license terms and released build 151a as 2010.11 in November 2010.

Open source derivatives

Current

See also: Comparison of OpenSolaris distributions.

Discontinued

Reception

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Oracle Solaris Blog . 2024-07-17 . 2024-07-23.
  2. Web site: Oracle Solaris 11 Desktop Feature Summary.
  3. Web site: Oracle Solaris Documentation . Operating Systems Documentation, Oracle official website . Oracle . October 31, 2021.
  4. News: Innovation Awards: The Winners Are... . July 5, 2008 . Michael Totty . September 11, 2006 . . The DTrace trouble-shooting software from Sun was chosen as the Gold winner in The Wall Street Journal's 2006 Technology Innovation Awards contest.
  5. Web site: 2008 Technology of the Year Awards: Storage – Best File System . July 5, 2008 . January 2008 . . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080703030515/http://www.infoworld.com/slideshow/2008/01/150-2008_technology-2.html . July 3, 2008.
  6. Web site: Open Brand Certificate, Unix 03, Oracle Solaris 11 FCS and later. https://web.archive.org/web/20191022053203/https://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/certificates/1196p.pdf. October 22, 2019.
  7. Web site: The Open Brand Register of Certified Products, Wayback machine, January 11, 2020. The Open Group. https://web.archive.org/web/20200111125333/http://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/register/. January 11, 2020.
  8. Web site: The Open Brand Register of Certified Products. The Open Group.
  9. Web site: Michael Singer . January 25, 2005 . Sun Cracks Open Solaris . InternetNews.com . April 12, 2010.
  10. Web site: August 13, 2010 . Steven Stallion / Oracle . Update on SXCE . Iconoclastic Tendencies.
  11. OpenSolaris cancelled, to be replaced with Solaris 11 Express. osol-discuss. https://web.archive.org/web/20100816225601/http://mail.opensolaris.org/pipermail/opensolaris-discuss/2010-August/059310.html . Alasdair Lumsden. August 16, 2010. November 24, 2014.
  12. https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2010/08/solaris-still-sorta-open-but-opensolaris-distro-is-dead/ Solaris still sorta open, but OpenSolaris distro is dead
  13. Web site: September 4, 2017 . Oracle staff report big layoffs across Solaris, SPARC teams .
  14. Book: Salus , Peter . A Quarter Century of Unix . Addison-Wesley . 1994 . 0-201-54777-5 . 199–200.
  15. SunSoft introduces first shrink-wrapped distributed computing solution: Solaris . Sun Microsystems, Inc. . September 4, 1991 . August 7, 2007.
  16. Web site: What are SunOS and Solaris? . November 10, 2014 . May 20, 2013 . Knowledge Base . Indiana University Technology Services.
  17. News: Noel-Marie . Taylor . Mark . Wallace . Solaris 2.1: The Rise of a New Sun? . PC Magazine . June 15, 1993 . 243–244 .
  18. News: Steven J. . Vaughan-Nichols . Interactive Unix . PC Magazine . June 15, 1993 . 240 .
  19. https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTAzMDE Oracle Solaris 11 Kernel Source-Code Leaked
  20. https://arstechnica.com/business/2011/12/disgruntled-employee-oracle-doesnt-seem-to-care-about-solaris-11-code-leak/ Disgruntled employee? Oracle doesn’t seem to care about Solaris 11 code leak
  21. Web site: Bye, bye Solaris, it was a nice ride while it lasted. Varghese. Sam. ITWire. en-gb. 2017-09-04.
  22. News: Continuous Delivery, Really?. Lynn. Scott. 2018-01-23.
  23. News: 2017 in Review and Looking ahead to 2018. Lynn. Scott. 2018-01-23.
  24. News: Ashlee . Vance . Ashlee Vance . Sun rethinks Solaris on Intel . Infoworld . . April 19, 2002 . December 11, 2006 . Neither Microsoft Windows nor Linux can match Solaris in this type of high-end architecture, said Tony Iams, an analyst at Port Chester, N.Y., research company D.H. Brown and Associates. "Solaris has earned its reputation over a long period of time," Iams said. "They have been working on high-end scalability features for 10 years, and that's the only way you can get solid results." . https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153147/http://infoworld.com/articles/hn/xml/02/04/19/020419hnsecretsix.html . October 12, 2007.
  25. Web site: Oracle Solaris . Dell USA . July 14, 2022.
  26. Web site: Dell to Offer Sun's Solaris, OpenSolaris in Servers . . November 14, 2007 . November 14, 2007.
  27. Intel Carrier Grade Platforms Certified for Sun Solaris . Intel Corp. . July 16, 2007 . August 16, 2007.
  28. Oracle Solaris Certification and Support . Hewlett Packard Enterprise . February 3, 2019 . 2019.
  29. Sun Microsystems and Fujitsu Siemens Computers Power PRIMERGY Servers with Solaris Operating System . Sun Microsystems . June 10, 2008.
  30. Web site: OpenSolaris Community Creates Kernel for Power Chips . ITJungle . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120405144010/http://www.itjungle.com/tfh/tfh011606-story02.html . April 5, 2012.
  31. Web site: Embedded Solaris on PowerPC . Sun Research . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20060627042251/http://research.sun.com/spotlight/2006/2006-06-14-SolarisPPC.html . June 27, 2006.
  32. Web site: Kickstarting OpenSolaris on PowerPC . OpenSolaris Project . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120229133259/http://hub.opensolaris.org/bin/view/Project+ppc-dev/kickstart . February 29, 2012.
  33. Web site: PowerPC at OpenSolaris . October 4, 2007 . OpenSolaris Project . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120229133135/http://hub.opensolaris.org/bin/view/Community+Group+power_pc/WebHome . February 29, 2012.
  34. Intel Corporation, Sun Microsystems, Inc. . December 16, 1997 . Sun to deliver enterprise-class solaris for intel's merced processor . September 10, 2006.
  35. OpenSolaris Runs on IBM Mainframe . IBM . January 21, 2018 . November 30, 2007.
  36. Web site: OpenSolaris Project: Systemz . OpenSolaris Project . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090825162814/http://opensolaris.org/os/project/systemz/ . August 25, 2009.
  37. Web site: IBM authorizes OpenSolaris on mainframes . November 24, 2008 . November 24, 2008 . The Register.
  38. Web site: BrandZ/SCLA FAQ . September 10, 2006 . OpenSolaris Project . dead . https://archive.today/20061004053007/http://www.opensolaris.org/os/community/brandz/brandz_lae_faq/ . October 4, 2006.
  39. Web site: Sunfreeware Package List. Sunfreeware. November 24, 2014.
  40. Web site: OpenCSW Package List. OpenCSW. November 24, 2014.
  41. Web site: Accessing Support Updates . Oracle . https://web.archive.org/web/20221222073215/https://docs.oracle.com/en/operating-systems/solaris/oracle-solaris/11.4/update-sys-add-sw/accessing-support-updates.html . December 22, 2022 . 1 . english.
  42. Web site: Sun Announces GNOME 1.4 for Solaris . Mannina . Scott . May 23, 2001 . February 9, 2009.
  43. Web site: Sun Java Desktop System . Sun Microsystems Inc . May 22, 2006 . March 10, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070315004836/http://www.sun.com/software/javadesktopsystem/ . March 15, 2007.
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