Solaria (magazine) explained

Category:	Literary magazine
Frequency:	Monthly
Publisher:	Edizioni di Solaria
Founded:	1926
Finaldate:	1936
Country:	Kingdom of Italy
Based:	Florence
Language:	Italian

Solaria was a modernist literary magazine published in Florence, Italy, between 1926 and 1936. The title is a reference to the city of sun. The magazine is known for its significant influence on young Italian writers.^[1] It was one of the publications which contributed to the development of the concept of Europeanism.^[2]

History and profile

Solaria was established in Florence in 1926.^[3] It was inspired from two magazines: La Voce and La Ronda. The founders were Alessandro Bonsanti and Alberto Carocci.^[4] Its publisher was Edizioni di Solaria, and the magazine was published on a monthly basis.^[5] As of 1929 Giansiro Ferrata served as the co-editor of the magazine. Alessandro Bonsanti replaced him in the post in 1930 which he held until 1933.^[6]

The major goal of Solaria was to Europeanize Italian culture and to emphasize the contributions of Italian modernist writers such as Svevo and Federigo Tozzi to the European modernism. It adopted a modernist approach.^{[7] [8]} The magazine had an anti-fascist stance.^[9] Its contributors were mostly the short story writers.^[10] They included Alberto Carocci, Eugenio Montale, Elio Vittorini, Carlo Emilio Gadda.^[11] and Renato Poggioli.^[12] The novel of Elio Vittorini, Il garofano rosso, was first published in the magazine.^[13] The magazine also featured poems by young Italian artists, including Sandro Penna.^[14] Gianna Manzini published her first short stories in the magazine.^[15] It also featured translations of modernist writers, including Virginia Woolf, Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner, James Joyce, T. S. Eliot, Marcel Proust, Rainer Maria Rilke, Franz Kafka, and Thomas Mann.^[8] Solaria was harshly criticized by other Italian literary circles and magazines, including Il Selvaggio, Il Bargello and Il Frontespizio, due to its frequent coverage of the work by Jewish writers.^[16]

After producing a total of forty-one volumes Solaria ceased publication^{[10] [12]} in 1936.^[17] Its final issue was dated 1934, although it was published in 1936.^[17] In fact, it was censored by the fascist authorities partly due to the serialization of Elio Vittorini's novel, Il garofano rosso, in the magazine.^{[17] [18]}

Notes and References

1. Sergio J. Pacifici. Current Italian Literary Periodicals: A Descriptive Checklist. Books Abroad. 1955. 29. 4. 409–412 . 40094752. 10.2307/40094752.
2. Daria Ricchi. 'Andare verso il popolo (Moving Towards the People)': Classicism and Rural Architecture at the 1936 VI Italian Triennale. Architectural Histories. 9. 1. 2021. 10.5334/ah.451. free.
3. Lorenzo Salvagni. In the Garden of Letters: Marguerite Caetani and the International Literary Review Botteghe Oscure. 2013. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. PhD. 10.17615/qxd3-0x37.
4. Carmine Paolino. La Narrativa di Alessandro Bonsanti. January 1980. University of Connecticut. PhD.
5. Book: Remo Cesarani. Pierluigi Pellini. Andrea Ciccarelli. Peter Bondanella. The Cambridge Companion to the Italian Novel. 2003. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-66962-7. 7. Cambridge, UK. https://books.google.com/books?id=0nMsnG6ed8kC&pg=PA1. The Belated Development of a Theory of Novel in Italian Literary Culture.
6. Ernesto Livorni. The Giubbe Rosse Café in Florence. A Literary and Political Alcove from Futurism to Anti-Fascist Resistance. Italica. Winter 2009. 86. 4. 604. 20750654.
7. Book: Gaetana Marrone. Encyclopedia of Italian Literary Studies: A-J. 2007. Routledge. 978-1-57958-390-3. 1898. New York; London.
8. Book: Eric Jon Bulson. Little Magazine, World Form. 2016. . New York. 9780231542326. 120–121. 10.7312/buls17976.
9. News: Tiffany J. Nesbit. Cafe' society: The Giubbe Rosse. 8 January 2017. The Florentine. 66. 31 October 2007.
10. Web site: Mathijs Duyck. The Modernist Short Story in Italy. University of Ghent. 8 January 2017. 2015.
11. Maria Belén Hernández-González. The Construction of the Memory of Italy in Argentina through a Choice of Translated Essays. CALL: Irish Journal for Culture, Arts, Literature and Language. 1. 10.21427/D7V88R. 2016. 1.
12. Roberto Ludovico. Renato Poggioli. Between History and Literature. Studi Slavistici. 2013. 301–310. 10.13128/Studi_Slavis-14150.
13. Jane Dunnett. 15. Foreign Literature in Fascist Italy: Circulation and Censorship. TTR: Traduction, terminologie, rédaction. 2002. 97–123. 2. 10.7202/007480AR. free.
14. Livio Loi. Fame or Freedom? 'Resistance' to Fame and the search for Happiness of Italian modern poet Sandro Penna. October 2015. International Journal of Arts and Commerce. 8. 4. 1929-7106.
15. Vanessa Santoro. Fashioning sensibility: emotions in Gianna Manzini's fashion journalism. University of Glasgow. 21. MA. 2019.
16. Book: Lynn M. Gunzberg. Strangers at Home: Jews in the Italian Literary Imagination. 1992. 978-0-520-91258-8. University of California Press. Berkeley, CA. registration. 244.
17. Book: Ann Caesar. Michael Caesar. Modern Italian Literature. 175. 2007. Cambridge. 978-0-7456-2799-1. Polity.
18. Christopher Rundle. The Censorship of Translation in Fascist Italy. The Translator. Studies in Intercultural Communication. 2000. 6. 1. 67–86. 10.1080/13556509.2000.10799056. 11585/877981. 143704043. free.