An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Saturday, November 22, 1919,[1] with a magnitude of 0.9198. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring only 11 hours before apogee (on November 23, 1919, at 2:20 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.[2]
The duration of annularity at maximum eclipse (closest to but slightly shorter than the longest duration) was 11 minutes, 36.56 seconds in the Atlantic Ocean north of Brazil. It was the longest annular solar eclipse since January 5, 1647, but the Solar eclipse of December 2, 1937 lasted longer.[3]
Places inside the annular eclipse included North America and the Caribbean, including Austin, San Antonio, Houston and Galveston, Texas in the United States and was close to Mexico at around 7:30 CT (13:30 UTC), more than a quarter of the Gulf of Mexico and close to the Florida Keys in the United States which occurred before 8:45 ET (13:45 UTC), it also included Cuba, most of Haiti and the southwesternmost Dominican Republic, it was almost near Venezuela and it included Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Barbados which happened in the mid morning hours. The greatest eclipse occurred at 15:14:12 UTC. In Africa, it included the Gambia, southern Senegal including Casamance, Portuguese Guinea (now Guinea-Bissau), the northern part of French Guinea (now Guinea) which occurred before 15:45 (16:45 UTC) and southeasternmost Mauritania and the middle portion of the French Sudan (now Mali) which included Bamako and Timbuktu, it occurred in the late afternoon before sunset at 17:00 UTC. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of North America, the Caribbean, northern South America, West Africa, and Western Europe.
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[4]
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1919 November 22 at 12:14:34.5 UTC | |
| First Umbral External Contact | 1919 November 22 at 13:24:24.6 UTC | |
| First Central Line | 1919 November 22 at 13:28:08.9 UTC | |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 1919 November 22 at 13:31:54.8 UTC | |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1919 November 22 at 15:07:48.2 UTC | |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1919 November 22 at 15:14:11.5 UTC | |
| Greatest Duration | 1919 November 22 at 15:18:47.7 UTC | |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1919 November 22 at 15:19:40.7 UTC | |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 1919 November 22 at 16:56:32.6 UTC | |
| Last Central Line | 1919 November 22 at 17:00:18.7 UTC | |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 1919 November 22 at 17:04:03.2 UTC | |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1919 November 22 at 18:13:52.1 UTC |
| Eclipse Magnitude | 0.91976 | |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 0.84597 | |
| Gamma | 0.45492 | |
| Sun Right Ascension | 15h48m15.3s | |
| Sun Declination | -20°00'09.7" | |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 16'11.7" | |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.9" | |
| Moon Right Ascension | 15h48m27.5s | |
| Moon Declination | -19°35'51.4" | |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 14'41.9" | |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°53'56.7" | |
| ΔT | 21.1 s |
See also: Eclipse cycle. This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.