A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Monday, February 26, 1979,[1] with a magnitude of 1.0391. A solar eclipse is an astronomical phenomenon that occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 19 hours after perigee (on February 25, 1979, at 22:20 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[2]
The central shadow of the Moon passed through Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana (where totality covered almost the entire state), North Dakota, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, the Northwest Territories of Canada (the portion that is now Nunavut), and Greenland. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of North America, Central America, the Caribbean, and Western Europe.
Many visitors traveled to the Pacific Northwest to view the Monday morning eclipse,[3] as it was the last chance to view a total solar eclipse in the contiguous United States for 38 years, 5 months, 26 days. The next opportunity was on August 21, 2017. Several cities, including Lewiston, Idaho, and Goldendale, Washington, organized viewing events amid an expected bump in tourist traffic. Television station KING-TV of Seattle produced a live broadcast of the eclipse from Goldendale and other cities in the Northwest.[4]
Although the path of totality passed through Portland shortly after sunrise (maximum at it was not directly observable due to overcast skies in northwestern Oregon.[5] [6] At the Goldendale Observatory State Park in Washington, an estimated 10,000 people were able to view the eclipse after the overcast skies parted during totality.[7] [8] Over 1,000 aircraft were guided around the path of totality by local air traffic control offices; the volume of flights in the area caused delays to passenger service at Seattle–Tacoma International Airport and Portland International Airport.[9] [10] The Seattle-based Pacific Science Center chartered a Boeing 727 with 94 passengers to chase the eclipse.[11]
About a half hour later, the path of totality was in Manitoba and passed through cloudless Winnipeg in the late morning, maximum was at [12] The greatest eclipse occurred seven minutes later at 10:55 am CST.
Canada's next total solar eclipse took place on August 1, 2008, after which Canada did not see another total solar eclipse until April 8, 2024.[13]
Portland, Oregon was the largest city within the path of totality. However, the thick clouds made observation unsuccessful. Only some areas outside the city could see the sun through the holes in the clouds. There were also charter flights allowing passengers to observe from the air.[14] Clouds covered most areas of the states of Oregon and Washington, and there were some clouds in western Montana. Observations were successful in places including North Dakota.[15] [16] Jay Pasachoff led a team from Williams College in Massachusetts to Brandon University in Manitoba, Canada and successfully observed the total eclipse there.[17]
Writer Annie Dillard viewed the eclipse from the Yakima River Valley in central Washington state. She described her impressions of the eclipse in an essay, "Total Eclipse," first published in the magazine Antaeus and then in her collection, Teaching a Stone to Talk (1982). It was later selected for inclusion in The Best American Essays of the [20th] Century (2000).[18] Dillard describes a nearly overwhelming emotional experience, as suggested in this quotation: "I pray you will never see anything more awful in the sky." Describing the reactions of other onlookers, she relates "I heard screams."
The 1979 eclipse was also referenced in the opening pages of Douglas Coupland's novel, Generation X.
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[19]
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1979 February 26 at 14:46:04.0 UTC | |
| First Umbral External Contact | 1979 February 26 at 16:08:06.6 UTC | |
| First Central Line | 1979 February 26 at 16:10:02.8 UTC | |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 1979 February 26 at 16:12:03.2 UTC | |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1979 February 26 at 16:46:02.6 UTC | |
| Greatest Duration | 1979 February 26 at 16:54:19.3 UTC | |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1979 February 26 at 16:55:05.7 UTC | |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1979 February 26 at 17:22:11.4 UTC | |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 1979 February 26 at 17:37:49.2 UTC | |
| Last Central Line | 1979 February 26 at 17:39:48.9 UTC | |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 1979 February 26 at 17:41:44.4 UTC | |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1979 February 26 at 19:03:56.4 UTC |
| Eclipse Magnitude | 1.03907 | |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 1.07966 | |
| Gamma | 0.89811 | |
| Sun Right Ascension | 22h36m45.5s | |
| Sun Declination | -08°45'23.7" | |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 16'09.1" | |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.9" | |
| Moon Right Ascension | 22h35m43.5s | |
| Moon Declination | -07°52'47.4" | |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 16'39.8" | |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 1°01'09.4" | |
| ΔT | 49.7 s |
See also: Eclipse cycle. This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
Photos/observations:
Narrative Descriptions: