Solar System model explained

Solar System models, especially mechanical models, called orreries, that illustrate the relative positions and motions of the planets and moons in the Solar System have been built for centuries. While they often showed relative sizes, these models were usually not built to scale. The enormous ratio of interplanetary distances to planetary diameters makes constructing a scale model of the Solar System a challenging task. As one example of the difficulty, the distance between the Earth and the Sun is almost 12,000 times the diameter of the Earth.

If the smaller planets are to be easily visible to the naked eye, large outdoor spaces are generally necessary, as is some means for highlighting objects that might otherwise not be noticed from a distance. The Boston Museum of Science had placed bronze models of the planets in major public buildings, all on similar stands with interpretive labels.[1] For example, the model of Jupiter was located in the cavernous South Station waiting area. The properly-scaled, basket-ball-sized model is 1.3 miles (2.14 km) from the model Sun which is located at the museum, graphically illustrating the immense empty space in the Solar System.

The objects in such large models do not move. Traditional orreries often did move, and some used clockworks to display the relative speeds of objects accurately. These can be thought of as being correctly scaled in time, instead of distance.

Permanent true scale models

Many towns and institutions have built outdoor scale models of the Solar System. Here is a table comparing these models with the actual system.

NameLocationScale:
1 : …		Sun dia.Earth dia.Sun–EarthSun–PlutoDescription
Actual Solar System11.392 Gm12.76 Mm149.6 Gm5.914 Tm
Sweden Solar System[2] Sweden20,000,00071 m65 cm7,600 m300 kmpermanent; country-wide (begun 1998)
Solar System Drive[3] [4] Coonabarabran, Australia38,000,00037 m34 cm4,100 m205 kmpermanent; drivable (est. 1997)
Space for MUCO project[5] Belgium40,000,00034.8 m32 cm3,730 m147 kmpermanent; country wide (est. 2004)
Maine Solar System[6] [7] University of Maine93,000,00015 m13.7 cm1,600 m64 kmpermanent; drivable (est.2003)
Mont Megantic Dark Sky Reserve Great Solar System Parc national du Mont-Mégantic100,000,00014 m12.4 cm1,450 m57 kmpermanent; drivable (est.2018)
Otago Central Interplanetary Cycle Trail[8] [9] [10] Otago Central Rail Trail100,000,00013.91 m12 cm1,496 m59.06 kmpermanent; cyclable (est.2017)
Riverfront Museum Solar System[11] [12] [13] [14] Peoria, Illinois99,000,00011 m10.0 cm1,200 m47 kmpermanent; drivable (est. 1992?)
Vienna Solar System Vienna, Austria163,764,7068.5 m7.78 cm913 m36 kmunder construction since 2018. Physical + Augmented Reality
Planet Lofoten[15] Lofoten, Norway200,000,0007 m6.4 cm750m30 kmunder construction
Planet Trek Dane County Madison, Wisconsin200,000,0007 m6.6 cm777 m38.3 kmpermanent; fully accessible by foot and bike paths (est. 2009)
Sunspot Solar System Model[16] [17] [18] [19] Sunspot, New Mexico250,000,0005.6 m5.1 cm1.5 m23.6 kmpermanent, drivable
Lethbridge Solar System Model Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada254,000,0005.5 m5 cm500 m14.7 km (Neptune)permanent, drivable, walkable (est. 2022)
El Sistema Solar de la comarca de Ciudad Rodrigo Ciudad Rodrigo, Spain290,000,0004.8 m4.4 cm1.2 m25 kmpermanent, Walk & Drive
If the Earth were a Ping-Pong ball Westminster, London318,905,0004.36 m4 cm??In construction; Walk & Drive (est. 2018) Centered around Deans Yard, Westminster
Light Speed Planet Walk[20] Anchorage, Alaska350,000,000???16.6 kmpermanent; drivable (est. 2005)
Moab's Scale Model of the Solar System[21] Moab, Utah400,000,0003.6 m2.4 cm?15.3 kmpermanent; Walk and Drive (est. 2007)
Community Solar System Trail[22] [23] Boston, Massachusetts400,000,0003.5 m3.2 cm380 m15.3 kmpermanent; drivable (established in 1997, removed in 2015)
The Solar System to Scale Estremoz, Portugal414,000,0003.4 m3.1 cm361 m14.3 kmpermanent; drivable; bikeable
Solar System Stroll[24] Bratislava, Slovakia464,000,0003 m2.7 cm322 m13 kmpermanent; bikeable, drivable; under construction since 2024
Somerset Space Walk530,000,0002.5 m??11 kmpermanent; bikeable (est. 1997)
York’s Solar System model York, England575,872,2392.4 m2.2 cm260 m10.3 kmpermanent; bikeable (est. 1999)
Traverse Bay Community Solar System[25] Traverse City, Michigan592,763,3560.9 m?209 m10.0 kmpermanent; bikeable (est. 2004)
Michigan Solar System Model[26] Coleman, Michigan608,000,0002.3 m2.1 cm324 m9.8 kmpermanent; bike trail Sun and Pls. Spheres (2017)
Solar System Opava, Czech Republic627,000,0002.2 m2.0 cm239 m9.42 kmpermanent; bikeable; walkable; drivable (est. 2006)
Nine Views Zagreb, Croatia680,000,0002.0 m1.9 cm225 m8.7 kmpermanent; bikeable (est. 2004)
Walk the Solar System Fort St. John, British Columbia, Canada682,353,0002.0 m1.9 cm219 m8.6 kmunder construction
McCarthy Observatory[27] New Milford, Connecticut761,155,0001.8 m1.7 cm195 m7.1 kmpermanent; bikeable (est. 2009)
Planet Walk[28] Glen Burnie, Maryland. 781,000,000??191.5 m7.56 kmWalkable, bikeable (est. 2008). Part of the permanent Baltimore & Annapolis Trail.
Trilho do Sistema Solar Paredes de Coura, Portugal831,000,0001.675 m1.533 cm180 m5.42 km (Neptune)permanent; walkable; bikeable (est. 2016)
Planetenpad Utrecht Utrecht, The Netherlands1,000,000,0001.3 m1.3 cm150 m7.4 km (Neptune)Leads from Centre Utrecht to Rhijnauwen, on foot, on bike or on kayak
Model of the Solar System Helsinki, Finland1,000,000,0001.4 m1.2 cm149.6 m6.1 kmpermanent; bikeable
Planetenmodell Hagen Hagen, Germany1,000,000,0001.4 m1.3 cm150 m5.9 kmpermanent; bikeable (est. 1959)
Planetenweg Schwarzbach Kriftel, Germany1,000,000,0001.4 m1.3 cm150 m5.9 kmpermanent; bikeable (est. 1998)
Uetliberg Planetenweg Zürich, Switzerland1,000,000,0001.4 m1.3 cm150 m5.9 kmpermanent; bikeable
Planetenwanderweg Ehrenfriedersdorf, Germany1,000,000,0001.4 m1.3 cm150 m5.9 kmpermanent; bikeable
Planetary Trail Hradec Králové, Czech Republic1,000,000,0001.4 m1.3 cm150 m5.9 kmpermanent; bikeable (est. 2005)
Planetary Trail Prague, Czech Republic1,000,000,0001.4 m1.3 cm150 m
5.9 km (Pluto)		permanent; bike & walk; all objects above 1000km; (est. 13.5.2018)
Melbourne Solar System[29] [30] Melbourne, Australia1,000,000,0001.4 m1.3 cm150 m5.9 km (Pluto)
40 140 km (Proxima Centauri)		permanent; bikeable (est. 2008) Proxima Centauri scale distance calculated travelling Melbourne to Melbourne via the Poles.[31]
Scale Model Solar System[32] Eugene, Oregon1,000,000,0001.4 m1.2 cm150 m5.9 kmpermanent; bikeable (est. 1997)
Planetstien, Sandnes Sandnes, Norway1,000,000,0001.4 m1.2 cm150 m5.9 kmpermanent; walkable, bikeable (est. 2010)
Planetstien, Lemvig Lemvig, Denmark1,000,000,0001.4 m1.2 cm150 m5.9 kmpermanent; walkable
Grand Trunk Pathway Solar System Model Terrace, British Columbia 1,000,000,0001.4 m1.3 cm150 m6 kmpermanent; walkable/bikeable (est. 2018)
Planet Walk Munich, Germany1,290,000,0001.1 m1.0 cm116 m4.6 kmpermanent; walkable (est. 1995)
Strolling at the speed of light La Malbaie, Quebec, Canada1,500,000,0000.9 m0.8 cm100 m3 km (Neptune)permanent; walkable (est. 2009) (temp?)
State of the Solar System[33] [34] [35] 1,826,770,0000.762 m0.6858 cm82 m?permanent; walkable (est. 2016)
Meteoria Söderfjärden Vaasa, Finland2,000,000,0000.7 m???permanent; walkable
Planetenweg Göttingen Göttingen, Germany2,000,000,0000.70 m0.65 cm75 m3.2 kmpermanent; walkable/bikeable (est. 2013)
Solar System Walking Tour[36] [37] [38] Gainesville, Georgia2,000,000,0000.7 m0.6 cm75 m2.9 kmpermanent; walkable (est. 2000)
Rymdpromenaden ("Spacewalk") Gothenburg, Sweden2,000,000,0000.7 m0.6 cm75 m3 kmpermanent; walkable (est. 1978)
Montshire Museum of Science[39] Norwich, Vermont2,200,000,0000.6 m0.6 cm68 m2.7 kmpermanent; walkable
Ride to Pluto: Boise's Solar System[40] Boise Greenbelt, Boise, Idaho2,200,000,0000.5 m??2.4 kmpermanent; walkable & bikeable
The Solar walk[41] [42] Longview, Washington2,240,000,000<-- 1.64 miles [= 2.6393 km] given at the website as its length, supposedly the distance of Pluto, in reality 5.91 billion km, hence the scale; also the size of the Sun is thus derived as 0.62 m, aligning with the size given at the website: 24 inches [= 0.61 m] -->0.6 m0.6 cm56.94 m2.7 kmpermanent; walkable (est. 2001)
Akaa Solar System Scale Model Akaa, Finland3,000,000,0000.46 m0.4 cm49.9 m1.958 km (Pluto)
13 370 km (Proxima Centauri)		permanent; walkable (est. 2017), Proxima Centauri in Yulara, Australia
Elmhurst Scale Model of the Solar System[43] [44] Elmhurst, Illinois3,044,620,0000.5 m0.4 cm49.1 m1.929 kmpermanent; walk & drive (est. 2013)
Solar System model group of sculptures Kecskemét, Hungary3,300,000,0000.418 m0.4 cm 45 m 1.8 km permanent; walkable (est. 2002)
Milky Way path Westerbork, The Netherlands3,700,000,000???2.5 kmpermanent; walkable
Solar Walk Gainesville, Florida4,000,000,0000.3 m0.3 cm37.4 m1.5 kmpermanent; walkable (est. 2002)
Otford Solar System Model [45] Otford, England4,595,700,0000.3 m0.3 cm32 m900 mpermanent; walkable; Includes: Proxima Centauri in Los Angeles, USA; Barnard’s Star in Port Stanley, Falkland Islands; Sirius in Sydney, Australia; and Ross 154 in Christchurch, New Zealand
Wooster Planet Walk Wooster, Ohio5,000,000,0000.3 m0.3 cm30 m1.2 kmpermanent; walkable (est. 2014)
The Sagan Planet Walk Ithaca, New York5,000,000,0000.3 m0.3 cm30 m1.2 kmpermanent; walkable (est. 1997)
Delmar Loop Planet Walk University City, Missouri5,000,000,0000.3 m0.2 cm30 m870 m (Neptune)permanent; walkable (est. 2009)
The Solar Walk Cleveland, Ohio5,280,000,0000.3 m0.2 cm28.4 m1.1 kmpermanent; walkable
Solar System WalkAn Exploration of Scale Carlsbad, California5,280,000,000??28 m1.119 kmLocated near Lake Calavera
O Sistema Solar no Parque[46] Natal, Brazil7,000,000,0000.2 m1.8 mm22 m875 mpermanent; walkable/bikeable (est. June 3rd, 2016)
A True Scale Model of the Solar System[47] [48] Cookeville, Tennessee10,000,000,0000.14 m0.12 cm15 m590 mpermanent; walkable (est. 2017)
Voyage National Program [1]| National Mall, Washington, D.C. (2001) Kansas City, Missouri (2008)Space Center Houston, Texas (2008) Corpus Christi, Texas (2009)Boulder, Colorado (2021) Palo Alto, California (2022)[49] [50] Broken Arrow, Oklahoma (2022) Ocala, Florida (2022) Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana (2022) Dover, New Hampshire (2023) Spokane, Washington (2022) Memphis, Tennessee (2023) Chalmette, Louisiana (2023) Jonesboro, Arkansas (2023) Troy, New York (2024)|align=right| 10,000,000,000| 0.1 m| 0.1 cm| 15 m| 600 m|permanent; walkable; US national program|-|Lake Innitou Thousand Yard Interplanetary Walk| Woburn, Massachusetts|10,000,000,000|0.23 m (bowling ball)|N/A (stone plaque)|24 m|932 m (1019 yd)|permanent; walkable (est. 2004); along the sidewalk by Horn Pond.|-| NJ Botanical Garden| Ringwood, New Jersey|align=right| 10,000,000,000| 0.2 m| 2.0 cm| 23.8 m| 927 m| walkable|-| Colorado Scale Model Solar System| Fiske Planetarium, Boulder, Colorado|align=right| 10,000,000,000| 0.1 m| 0.1 cm| 15 m| 600 m| permanent; walkable (est. 1987)|-| Anstruther Model Solar System| Anstruther, Scotland|align=right| 10,000,000,000| 0.1 m| 0.1 cm| 15 m| 600 m| permanent; walkable (est. 2014)|-| Le Chemin Solaire| La Couyère, Brittany|align=right| 10,000,000,000| 1 m| 0.1 cm| ?| 450 m| permanent; walkable (est. 2011)|-| Solar Walk UofT Scarborough| Toronto, Ontario and Eureka, Nunavut|align=right| 10,000,000,000| 0.14 m| 0.13 cm| 15 m| 591 m| permanent; walkable/bikeable (est. 2017)|-| MIT's Infinite Solar System[51] [52] [53] | Cambridge, Massachusetts|align=right| 30,000,000,000| 4.6 cm| 0.43 mm| 5.0 m| 200 m| permanent; walkable (est. 2018); along "Infinite Corridor"|-| Solar System Lawn Model[54] | Griffith Observatory, Los Angeles, California|align=right| 105,000,000,000| 1.32 cm| 0.12 mm| 1.42 m| 56 m| permanent; walkable; engraved in the front sidewalk|}

Other models of the Solar System: historic, temporary, virtual, or dual-scale

NameLocationScaleSun dia.Earth dia.Sun-EarthSun-PlutoDescription
Kirkhill model 1776 Scotland1:778,268,620.81.8 m1.6 cm197 m-decayed
Planetenpad Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands1:1,000,000,0001.3 m1.3 cm150 m7.4 km (Neptune)Leads from Centre Utrecht to Rhijnauwen, on foot, on bike or by kayak
Planet Walk Maltahttps://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/23757/1/Science%20with%20a%20difference%20HSci%202005.pdf Buġibba, Malta1:2,956,760,000 (distance) / 695,000,000 (sizes)2.0 m1.84 cm50.60 m2.0 km (Neptune)Leads from Malta Aquarium west along promenade
Sorghvliet The Hague, Netherlands1:696,000,0002.0 m1.8 cm215 m6.5 km (Neptune)(temporary)
Sol Chicago[55] [56] Illinois, Chicago1:73,660,00019 m17.3 cm2,050 m61 km (Neptune)(temporary) proposed
Le Chemin des planètes 1:1,000,000,0001.4 m1.3 cm150 m5.9 kmuses two different scales for distance and size
The Madison Planet Stroll[57] Madison, Wisconsin1:4,000,000,0000.3 m0.3 cm37 m1.5 km(virtual)
Solar System Stroll Perth, Western Australia1:5,000,000,0000.3 m0.3 cm30 m1.2 kmpermanent; walkable (est. 2016)
The Thousand-Yard Model[58] [59] (virtual)1:6,336,000,0000.2 m0.2 cm25 m1 kmThe scale of the planets is the same as the scale between them, and the planets are represented by everyday objects; the Earth is a peppercorn, Jupiter is a walnut, and Neptune is a coffee bean.
(dismantled) Saint-Louis-du-Ha! Ha!, Quebec1:10,000,000,0000.1 m0.1 cm15 m0.6 km(dismantled) (est. 1985)
Lafayette Walk Detroit, Michigan1:6,336,000,00023 cm0.2 cm25 m983 mA walking demonstration of (un)imaginable distances. "It's nowhere near Graham's Number."
Planets on the Path Chicago, Illinois1:2,195,000,000457 m13.5 miles(2015, temporary)
The Solar System, to scale, for a school yardPDF for printing1:11,945,400,00011.6 cm0.1 cm12.5 m492 mPDFs, A4 and 8½″×11″, to be printed, affixed to cards which are affixed to sticks; then to be held by children standing in a school yard. Includes major moons and asteroids.
Naas Virtual Solar System Naas, County Kildare1 : 154,557,3309 m82 mm968 m29 km (Neptune)In Ireland, this instantly recognisable roadside spherical sculpture is well known, and is used as the model for the Sun. The website[60] maps out the planetary orbits and shows everyday objects to scale the planets (e.g. a golf ball for Mars)
Saskatoon Solar WalkSaskatoon, Saskatchewan1 : 1,275,600,000109 cm1 cm110 m4,500 mPersonal and public art installation.
Eise Eisinga Visvliet [61] Visvliet, The Netherlands1: 870,000,000160 cm1.5 cm172 mn/aPermanent installation honouring Eise Eisinga, the creator of the world famous Planetarium in Franeker, who lived in Visviet in 1700. As the original Planetarium only includes the planets up to Saturn, so does this one.

Several sets of geocaching caches have been laid out as Solar System models.

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. "Boston Community Solar System" at Waymarking.com.
  2. Web site: Sweden Solar System . 2022-09-15 . sv-SE.
  3. Web site: Worlds Largest Virtual Solar System Drive . 2022-09-15 . www.visitnsw.com . en-AU.
  4. Web site: Coonabarabran: The world's largest solar system drive . 2024-02-19 . www.playingintheworldgame.com . 5 November 2012 . en-AU.
  5. Web site: Monumental . 2024-05-15 . timroosen . nl.
  6. Web site: Bayly . Julia . 2021-08-18 . Here's how you can visit the solar system in Maine, no rocket ship required . 2022-09-15 . Bangor Daily News . en-US.
  7. Web site: Maine Solar System Model . 2022-09-15 . Maine Solar System Model . en-US.
  8. Web site: Jones . Pam . 2017-03-16 . Solar system to scale on Rail Trail . 2022-09-15 . Otago Daily Times Online News . en.
  9. Web site: Williams . Katarina . 2016-11-12 . Otago Central rail trail to become 100 million to one model replica of the Solar System . 2022-09-15 . Stuff . en.
  10. Web site: An Interplanetary Ride . 2022-09-15 . Otago Central Rail Trail . en.
  11. Web site: Community Solar System Scale Model Museum & Informal Education Alliance . 2022-09-15 . informal.jpl.nasa.gov.
  12. Web site: Schoenheider . Jon . Interplanetary 5K takes runners across the solar system . 2022-09-15 . www.25newsnow.com . 26 March 2022 . en.
  13. Web site: Community Solar System . 2024-02-19 . www.peoriariverfrontmuseum.org/ . en.
  14. Web site: Peoria Scale Model of the Solar System . 2024-02-19 . atlasobscura.com . en.
  15. https://www.naturfag.no/artikkel/vis.html?tid=858271
  16. Web site: Sunspot Solar System Model . 2024-02-19 . informal.jpl.nasa.gov . en.
  17. Web site: Sunspot Solar System Model . 2024-02-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170411094811/http://eo.nso.edu/solarsystem . 2017-04-11 . en.
  18. Web site: VISITING THE SUNSPOT OBSERVATORY . 2024-02-19 . sunspot.solar . 19 December 2022 . en.
  19. Web site: An Overview of Sunspot . 2024-02-19 . sunspot.nmsu.edu . en.
  20. Web site: Where to start your Planet Walk . anchorageplanetwalk.org. 2024-02-19 . en-US.
  21. Web site: Moab Scale Model Solar System . 2024-02-19 . slideplayer.com . en.
  22. Web site: Greater Boston used to have a scale model of the Solar System . medium.com . 15 August 2021 . 2024-02-19 . en-US.
  23. Web site: Museum of Science Boston Community Solar System . foursquare.com . 2024-02-19 . en-US.
  24. Web site: Solar System Stroll website . 2024-02-28 . en-US.
  25. Web site: Solar System . traversetrails.org . 2024-02-20 . en-US.
  26. Web site: SOLAR SYSTEM SCULPTURE INSTALLMENT . midlandcountymi.gov . 2024-02-20 . en-US.
  27. Web site: Scale Solar System . 2024-02-19 . mccarthyobservatory.org. en.
  28. Web site: Annual Planet Walk! . 2024-02-19 . www.friendsofaatrails.org . en-US.
  29. Web site: museumoflost . 2018-04-05 . The St Kilda Solar System . 2022-09-15 . The Museum of Lost Things . en-AU.
  30. Web site: Nick visits the Melbourne Solar System trail, finds six planets, loses Neptune and takes a surprise trip to Proxima Centauri . 2022-09-15 . Observations . en-US.
  31. https://stkildamelbourne.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Solar_System_Self_Guided_Trail_web_friendly.pdf
  32. Web site: Outer Planet Map . 2024-02-19 . members.efn.org/. en-US.
  33. Web site: STATE OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM . 2024-02-19 . stateofthesolarsystembham.wordpress.com/ . 5 October 2016 . en-US.
  34. Web site: State of the Solar System Poster . 2024-02-19 . cob.org/ . en-US.
  35. Web site: What's the Deal With: The downtown solar system? . 2024-02-19 . www.cascadiadaily.com/ . 25 May 2022 . en-US.
  36. Web site: WALKING TOUR OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM . www.exploregeorgia.org . 2024-02-19 . en-US.
  37. Web site: Solar System Walking Tour . www.exploregainesville.org . 2024-02-19 . en-US.
  38. Web site: Solar System Walking Tour . www.gainesville.org . 2024-02-19 . en-US.
  39. Web site: Planet Walk (3.0 miles roundtrip) . 2024-02-19 . www.montshire.org/ . en-US.
  40. Web site: Greenbelt's little-known Planet Walk shows solar system's scale . 2024-02-19 . www.idahostatesman.com/ . en-US.
  41. Web site: Solar System Walk . 2024-02-19 . www.mylongview.com/ . en-US.
  42. Web site: SOLAR SYSTEM MAP . 2024-02-19 . www.friendsofgalileo.com/ . en-US.
  43. Web site: Elmhurst Residents Can Boldly Go Where No One Has Gone Before . 2024-02-20 . patch.com . 20 November 2013 . en.
  44. Web site: ELMHURST SOLAR SYSTEM MODEL . 2024-02-20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160305040918/http://www.elmhurstsolarsystem.org/home.html . 2016-03-05 . en.
  45. Web site: UNESCO Astronomy and World Heritage Webportal - Places connected to the Sky .
  46. Web site: O Sistema Solar no Parque . 2 June 2016 . 2024-02-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231203170037/https://www.zenite.nu/o-sistema-solar-no-parque/ . 2023-12-03 . pt.
  47. Web site: A True Scale Model of the Solar System . 2024-02-20 . www2.tntech.edu.
  48. Web site: Building a True Scale Model of the Solar System . 2024-02-20 . www2.tntech.edu.
  49. Web site: The Voyage Scale Model Solar System . 2022-09-15 . NASA Solar System Exploration.
  50. Bennett . J. . 2020-01-01 . Voyage Mark II — Scale Model Solar Systems at Moderate Prices . American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts #235 . 235 . 239.06 . 2020AAS...23523906B.
  51. Web site: Infinite Solar System . MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences . Massachusetts Institute of Technology . 2024-11-19.
  52. Web site: Binzel . Richard P. . Corralling the cosmos in the Infinite Corridor . MIT Technology Review . 2022-03-05 . en . October 24, 2019.
  53. Web site: Keller . Julia C. . An Infinite solar system . MIT News . Massachusetts Institute of Technology . 2022-03-05 . en . November 16, 2018.
  54. Web site: Solar System Lawn Model . griffithobservatory.org. 2023-05-29 . en-US.
  55. Web site: Sol Chicago . https://web.archive.org/web/20110625231455/http://www.solchicago.com/ . 2024-02-19 . 2011-06-25 . en-US.
  56. Web site: Sol Chicago . youtube.com/ . 8 January 2011 . 2024-02-19 . en-US.
  57. Web site: Welcome to The Madison Planet Stroll . 2024-02-19 . www.idahostatesman.com/ . en-US.
  58. Web site: The Thousand-Yard Model, or, The Earth as a Peppercorn. 2023-05-29 . www.universalworkshop.com . en-US.
  59. Web site: The Thousand-Yard Model, or, The Earth as a Peppercorn . 2023-05-29 . noirlab.edu . en-US.
  60. Web site: Naas Solar System. 2023-07-27.
  61. Web site: Visvliet . Eise Eisinga . Eise Eisinga Visvliet – Visvliet.com . 2024-05-09 . nl-NL.

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