Sognamål dialect explained

Sognamål dialect
Nativename:	Norwegian: sognamaol
Region:	Sogn
Familycolor:	Indo-European
Fam2:	Germanic
Fam3:	Northwest Germanic^[1]
Fam4:	North Germanic
Fam5:	West Scandinavian (disputed)
Ancestor:	Old Norse
Ancestor2:	Old West Norse
Ancestor3:	Old Norwegian
Ancestor4:	Middle Norwegian
Script:	Latin (Norwegian alphabet) Norwegian Braille
Isoexception:	dialect
Notice:	IPA
Ietf:	no-u-sd-no14

Sognamål (literally "Sogn language", in Sognamål; Norwegian: sognamaol) is a Western Norwegian dialect which is spoken in the area of Sogn. One of the most prominent features of Sognamål is the pronunciation pronounced as /[aʊ]/ instead of pronounced as /[ɔː]/ in many words, i.e. exactly how the letter "á" is pronounced in modern Icelandic. The folk/black metal band Windir from Sogndal used the dialect in their lyrics.

Phonology

Consonants

Consonant phonemes

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/
Plosive / Affricate		pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/
		pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/
Fricative		pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/			pronounced as /link/
		pronounced as /link/
Trill			pronounced as /link/

• pronounced as //m, p, b// are bilabial, whereas pronounced as //f, v// are labiodental.
• pronounced as //p, b, t, d, k, ɡ// are plosives, whereas pronounced as //c͡ç, ɟ͡ʝ// are affricates.
• Phonetically, pronounced as //r// can be trilled pronounced as /link/ or tapped pronounced as /link/.

Vowels

! colspan="4"

Front	Back
unrounded			rounded
short	long	short	long	short	long
Close	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/			pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/
Mid	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/
Open					pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/

• pronounced as //eː// is close-mid front pronounced as /link/. Its short counterpart is the open-mid front pronounced as /link/.
• pronounced as //ʊ, ʊː// are close-mid pronounced as /[{{IPAplink|o}}, {{IPAplink|oː}}]/.
• The long pronounced as //øː// is open-mid front pronounced as /link/, whereas the short pronounced as //ø// varies between open-mid front pronounced as /link/ and near-close front pronounced as /link/.
• pronounced as //ɔ, ɔː// are open-mid pronounced as /[{{IPAplink|ɔ}}, {{IPAplink|ɔː}}]/.
• pronounced as //a, aː// are central pronounced as /[{{IPAplink|ä}}, {{IPAplink|äː}}]/.

Starting point! colspan="6"

Ending point
Front				Back
Close			pronounced as /iʉ/	pronounced as /iʉː/
Close-mid	pronounced as /ei/	pronounced as /eiː/	pronounced as /eʉ/	pronounced as /eʉː/
Open-mid	pronounced as /ɔi/	pronounced as /ɔiː/	pronounced as /øy/	pronounced as /øyː/	pronounced as /oʊ/	pronounced as /oʊː/
Open	pronounced as /ai/	pronounced as /aiː/			pronounced as /aʊ/	pronounced as /aʊː/

• pronounced as //iʉ, iʉː// are phonetically pronounced as /[iʉ̟, iʉ̟ː]/.
• pronounced as //ei, eiː// are phonetically pronounced as /[ei, eiː]/.
• pronounced as //eʉ, eʉː// are phonetically pronounced as /[eʉ̟, eʉ̟ː]/.
• pronounced as //øy, øyː// are phonetically pronounced as /[œy, œyː]/.
• pronounced as //ɔi, ɔiː// are phonetically pronounced as /[ɔ̟i, ɔ̟iː]/.
• pronounced as //oʊ, oʊː// are phonetically pronounced as /[ɔo, ɔoː]/.
• pronounced as //ai, aiː// are phonetically pronounced as /[äi, äiː]/.
• pronounced as //aʊ, aʊː// are phonetically pronounced as /[äo̟, äo̟ː]/.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Older Runic . 2022-05-24 . 2022-11-13 . . Hammarström . Harald . https://web.archive.org/web/20221113105941/https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/olde1239 . 2022-11-13 . live . . Forkel . Robert . Haspelmath . Martin . Bank . Sebastian.