Socialist International Explained

Socialist International
Size:	100px
Map:	Parties of Socialist International.svg
Mcaption:	Light red: Countries with a political party affiliated with the Socialist International Dark red: Countries with the ruling party affiliated with the Socialist International
Abbreviation:	SI
Predecessor:	Labour and Socialist International
Type:	International non-governmental organization
Purpose:	"Strengthen relations between the affiliated parties and to coordinate their political attitudes and activities"^[1]
Location:	London, United Kingdom
Region Served:	Worldwide
Membership:	119 political parties and 13 affiliated organizations
Leader Title:	President
Leader Name:	Pedro Sánchez
Leader Title2:	Secretary General
Leader Name2:	Benedicta Lasi
Main Organ:	Congress of the Socialist International
Budget:	£1.4 million ^[2]
Website:	socialistinternational.org
Secessions:	Progressive Alliance

The Socialist International (SI) is a political international or worldwide organisation of political parties which seek to establish democratic socialism,^[1] consisting mostly of social democratic political parties and labour organisations.

Although formed in 1951 as a successor to the Labour and Socialist International, it has antecedents in the late 19th century. The organisation currently includes 132 member parties^[3] and organisations from over 100 countries. Its members have governed in many countries, including most of Europe. In 2013, a schism in the SI led to the establishment of the Progressive Alliance.^[4]

The current secretary general of the SI is Benedicta Lasi of Ghana and the current president of the SI is the prime minister of Spain, Pedro Sánchez,^[5] both of whom were elected at the last SI Congress held in Madrid, Spain, in November 2022.

History

First and Second Internationals (1864–1916)

The International Workingmen's Association, also known as the First International, was the first international body to bring together organisations representing the working class. It was formed in London on 28 September 1864 by socialist, communist and anarchist political groups and trade unions. Tensions between moderates and revolutionaries led to its dissolution in 1876 in Philadelphia.

The Second International was formed in Paris on 14 July 1889 as an association of the socialist parties. Differences over World War I led to the Second International being dissolved in 1916.

Labour and Socialist International (1919–1940)

The International Socialist Commission (ISC), also known as the Berne International, was formed in February 1919 at a meeting in Bern by parties that wanted to resurrect the Second International. In March 1919, Communist parties formed the Communist International ("Comintern"), the Third International, at a meeting in Moscow.

Some parties did not want to be a part of the resurrected Second International (ISC) or Comintern. They formed the International Working Union of Socialist Parties (IWUSP, also known as Vienna International, Vienna Union, or Two-and-a-Half International) on 27 February 1921 at a conference in Vienna. The ISC and the IWUSP joined to form the Labour and Socialist International (LSI) in May 1923 at a meeting in Hamburg. The rise of Nazism and the start of World War II led to the dissolution of the LSI in 1940.

Socialist International (1951–present)

The Socialist International was formed in Frankfurt in July 1951 as a successor to the LSI.

During the post-World War II period, the SI aided social democratic parties in re-establishing themselves when dictatorship gave way to democracy in Portugal (1974) and Spain (1975). Until its 1976 Geneva Congress, the SI had few members outside Europe and no formal involvement with Latin America.^[6] In the 1980s, most SI parties gave their backing to the Nicaraguan Sandinistas (FSLN), whose democratically elected left-wing government was subject to a campaign to overthrow it backed by the United States, which culminated in the Iran–Contra affair after the Reagan administration covertly continued US support for the Contras after such support was banned by Congress.In the late 1970s and in the 1980s the SI had extensive contacts and discussion with the two leading powers of the Cold War period, the United States and the Soviet Union, on issues concerning East–West relations and arms control. The SI supported détente and disarmament agreements, such as SALT II, START and INF. They had several meetings and discussion in Washington, D.C., with President Jimmy Carter and Vice President George Bush and in Moscow with Secretaries General Leonid Brezhnev and Mikhail Gorbachev. The SI's delegations to these discussions were led by the Finnish Prime Minister Kalevi Sorsa.^[7]

Since then, the SI has admitted as members an increasing number of parties and organisations from Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America (see below for current list).

Following the Tunisian Revolution, the Constitutional Democratic Rally was expelled from the SI in January 2011; later that month the Egyptian National Democratic Party was also expelled;^[8] and as a result of the 2010–2011 Ivorian crisis, the Ivorian Popular Front was expelled in March 2011, in accordance with section 7.1 of the statutes of the Socialist International. These decisions were approved at the subsequent SI Congress in Cape Town in 2012 in line with section 5.1.3 of the statutes.^[9] These were long term ruling parties of one-party states that were overthrown in the protests of the Arab Spring.

Progressive Alliance split (2013)

On 22 May 2013 the Social Democratic Party of Germany along with some other current and former member parties of the SI founded a rival international network of social-democratic parties known as the Progressive Alliance, citing the perceived undemocratic and outmoded nature of the SI,^{[10] [11] [12] [13]} as well as the Socialist International's admittance and continuing inclusion of undemocratic political movements into the organization. For example, the SPD objected to the continued presence of the Sandinista National Liberation Front and the delayed ouster of the Tunisian Democratic Constitutional Rally and Egyptian National Democratic Party.^{[14] [15]}

After the 2012 Congress, the SI underwent major changes as many of the large European parties allowed their membership to lapse  - for example the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and the Swedish Social Democratic Party  - or downgraded their membership to observer status  - for example, the British Labour Party and the Norwegian Labour Party (DNA). These parties now concentrate their international links on the Progressive Alliance, with the SI's focus now increasingly being on the global south.

Relationship with Latin America

For a long time, the Socialist International remained distant from Latin America, considering the region as a zone of influence of the United States. For example, it did not denounce the coup d'état against Socialist President Jacobo Árbenz in Guatemala in 1954 or the invasion of the Dominican Republic by the United States in 1965. It was not until the 1973 Chilean coup d'état that "a world we did not know" was discovered, explained Antoine Blanca, a diplomat for the French Socialist Party. According to him, solidarity with the Chilean left was "the first challenge worthy of the name, against Washington, of an International which, until then, had done everything to appear subject to American strategy and NATO". Subsequently, notably under the leadership of François Mitterrand, the SI supported the Sandinistas in Nicaragua and other movements in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras in their struggle against US-supported dictatorships.^[16]

In the 1990s, it was joined by non-socialist parties that took note of the economic power of the European countries governed or to be governed by their partners across the Atlantic and calculated the benefits they could derive from it. During this period, "the Socialist International works in a clientist way; some parties come here to rub shoulders with Europeans as if they were in the upper class," says Porfirio Muñoz Ledo, one of the representatives of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (Mexico) at the SI. It is home to "the very centrist Argentinean Radical Civic Union (UCR); the Mexican Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), which was not very democratically in power for seventy years; the Colombian Liberal Party—under whose governments the left-wing formation Patriotic Union (1986–1990) was exterminated—introduced the neoliberal model (1990–1994) and to which, until 2002, Álvaro Uribe will belong". In the following decade, many left-wing parties that came to power (in Brazil, Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador and El Salvador) preferred to keep their distance from the SI.^[16]

Logo

The logo is the fist and rose, based on the 1977 design by José María Cruz Novillo for the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, itself a variant of the logo of the French Socialist Party. Variants of the emblem are or were used by several SI member parties.^[17]

Presidents, honorary presidents and secretaries general

Presidents

• , there have been a total of 9 Socialist International presidents.

#	Name	Portrait	Country		Presidencystart date	Presidencyend date	Time in office
1	Morgan Phillips (1902–1963)			Labour Party	1951	1957	6 years
2	Alsing Andersen (1893–1962)			Social Democratic Party of Denmark	1957	1962	5 years
3	Erich Ollenhauer (1901–1963)			Social Democratic Party of Germany	1963
4	Bruno Pittermann (1905–1983)			Social Democratic Party of Austria	1964	1976	12 years
5	Willy Brandt (1913–1992)			Social Democratic Party of Germany	1976	1992	16 years
6	Pierre Mauroy (1928–2013)			Socialist Party of France	17 September 1992	10 November 1999
7	António Guterres (born 1949)			Socialist Party of Portugal	10 November 1999	15 June 2005
8	George Papandreou (born 1952)			PASOK / KIDISO	30 January 2006	25 November 2022
9	Pedro Sánchez (born 1972)			Spanish Socialist Workers' Party	25 November 2022	Incumbent

Honorary presidents

Current and honorary presidents include:^[18]

• Mustapha Ben Jafar, Tunisia
• Leonel Brizola, Brazil
• Rubén Berríos, Puerto Rico
• Philippe Busquin, Belgium
• Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas, Mexico
• Mohamed El Yazghi, Morocco
• Alan García, Peru
• Anita Gradin, Sweden
• Elazar Granot, Israel
• Tarja Halonen, Finland
• Mahamadou Issoufou, Niger
• Anker Jørgensen, Denmark
• Lionel Jospin, France
• Neil Kinnock, United Kingdom
• Horacio Serpa, Colombia
• Enrique Silva Cimma, Chile
• Mário Soares, Portugal
• Hans-Jochen Vogel, Germany

Secretaries general

• Julius Braunthal, Austria (1951–1956)
• Bjarne Braatoy, Norway (1956–1957)
• Albert Carthy, United Kingdom (1957–1969)
• Hans Janitschek, Austria (1969–1976)
• Bernt Carlsson, Sweden (1976–1983)
• Pentti Väänänen, Finland (1983–1989)
• Luis Ayala, Chile (1989–2022)
• Benedicta Lasi, Ghana (since 2022)

Summits

• 1951 (Ist): Frankfurt, West Germany.
• 1952 (IInd): Milan, Italy.
• 1953 (IIIrd): Stockholm, Sweden.
• 1955 (IVth): London, United Kingdom.
• 1957 (Vth): Vienna, Austria.
• 1959 (VIth): Hamburg, West Germany.
• 1961 (VIIth): Rome, Italy.
• 1963 (VIIIth): Amsterdam, Netherlands.
• 1964 (IXth): Brussels, Belgium.
• 1966 (Xth): Stockholm, Sweden.
• 1969 (XIth): Eastbourne, United Kingdom.
• 1972 (XIIth): Vienna, Austria (2nd time).
• 1976 (XIIIth): Geneva, Switzerland.
• 1978 (XIVth): Vancouver, Canada.
• 1980 (XVth): Madrid, Spain.
• 1983 (XVIth): Albufeira, Portugal.
• 1986 (XVIIth): Lima, Peru.
• 1989 (XVIIIth): Stockholm, Sweden (2nd time).
• 1992 (XIXth): Berlin, Germany.
• 1996 (XXth): New York City, United States.
• 1999 (XXIst): Paris, France.
• 2003 (XXIInd): São Paulo, Brazil.
• 2008 (XXIIIrd): Athens, Greece.
• 2012 (XXIVth): Cape Town, South Africa.
• 2017 (XXVth): Cartagena, Colombia.
• 2022 (XXVIth): Madrid, Spain (2nd time).

Members

Full members

There are 92 full members:^{[19] [20]}

Country	Name	Abbr	Government	Notes	Lower House	Upper House
	Socialist Party of Albania^[21] ^[22]	PS		Admitted as consultative member in 1999.^[23] Promoted to full member in 2003.^[24]
	Socialist Forces Front^[25] ^[26]	FFS		Admitted as consultative member in 1992.^[27] Promoted to full member in 1996.^[28]
	Social Democratic Party^[29]	PS		Promoted to full member in 2003.
		MPLA		Admitted as observer member in 1996. Promoted to full member in 2003.
		UCR		Admitted as consultative member in 1996. Promoted to full member in 1999.
	Armenian Revolutionary Federation^[30]	ARF		Admitted (as Armenian Socialist Party) as observer member in 1996. Promoted (as ASP) to consultative member in 1999. Promoted (as ASP) to full member in 2003.
		BSDP		Admitted as observer member in 1999. Promoted to consultative member in 2003. Promoted to full member in November 2015.^[31] Officially deregistered in Belarus since 2005.
	Socialist Party^[32]	PS
		UN		Promoted to full member in March 2017.
	Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina^[33]	SDP BiH		Admitted as observer member in 1996. Promoted to full member in 1999.
		PDT	in government	Admitted as consultative member in 1986.^[34] Promoted to full member in 1989.^[35]
		PBSD	extra-parliamentary
		BSP		Admitted as full member in 2003.
		MPP		Admitted as full member in 2016.^[36]
		SDF		Admitted as consultative member in 1996. Promoted to full member in 1999.
		PAICV		Admitted as consultative member in 1992. Promoted to full member in 1996.
	Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People	MLPC		Admitted as observer member in 2008. Upgraded to full member in 2018.
	National Union for Democracy and Renewal	UNDR		Admitted as observer member in June/July 2014. Upgraded to full member in 2017.
		PPD		Admitted as consultative member in 1992. Promoted to full member in 1996.
		PRSD
		PS		Admitted as consultative member in 1992. Promoted to full member in 1996.
		PLC		Admitted as consultative member in 1992. Promoted to full member in 1999.
		PLN		Full member since 1987.
	Social Democratic Party of Croatia^[37]	SDP		Admitted as full member in 1999.
	EDEK Socialist Party^[38]	EDEK		Full member since 1987. Promoted to full member in 1992.
Cyprus (North)		CTP		Admitted as consultative member in 2008 (pending consultation). Promoted to full member in June/July 2014.^[39]
		TDP		Admitted as consultative member in November 2015. Promoted to full member in March 2017.
	Social Democracy^[40]	SOCDEM
	Union for Democracy and Social Progress	UDPS		Admitted as observer member in 2003.
		PRD		Full member since 1987.
		CPDS		Admitted as consultative member in 1996. Promoted to full member in 1999.
		SDP
	Socialist Party^[41]	PS
		NDC		Admitted as consultative member in 2003. Promoted to full member in 2008.^[42]
		PASOK-KINAL		Full member since 1990.
		UNE		Admitted as full member in 2008.
	Rally of the Guinean People^[43]	RPG		Admitted (as Guinean People's Assembly) as consultative member in 1999. Promoted (as GPA) to full member in 2003.
		PFSDH		Full member since 1989.
	Social Democratic Assembly for the Progress of Haiti (RSD)	RSD		Admitted as full members in 2018^[44]
	Hungarian Socialist Party^[45]	MSzP		Admitted as observer member in 1992. Promoted to full member in 1996.
		INC		Originally joined in 1993.^[46] Readmitted as full member December 2014.^[47]
		PUK		Admitted as observer member in 2003. Promoted to full member in 2008.
	Meretz^[48]	מרצ
		PSI
		PNP		Full member since 1952. Temporarily demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.
		SDP		Full member since 1951 as the Japan Socialist Party.
		JSDP		Admitted as consultative member in 2012. Promoted to full member in November 2015.
	Social Democrats (Kyrgyzstan)	SDK		Legal successor to the Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan.
	Progressive Socialist Party	PSP		Full member since 1980.
	Social Democratic Party of Lithuania	LSDP		Full member since the 1990s.
	Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party^[49]	LSAP/POSL		Full member since 1951.
		ADEMA-PASJ		Admitted as consultative member in 1996. Promoted to full member in 1999. Promoted to full member in 2008. Status unclear following the 2020 Malian coup d'état.
	Rally for Mali	RPM		Admitted as consultative member in 2003. Status unclear following the 2020 Malian coup d'état.
	Rally of Democratic Forces	RFD		Admitted as observer member in 2003. Promoted to full member in 2008.
	Labour Party	PT		Full member since 1969.
	Mauritian Militant Movement	MMM		Admitted as consultative member in 1996. Promoted to full member in 2003. Part of the Alliance of the Heart.
	Institutional Revolutionary Party	PRI		Admitted as consultative member in 1996. Promoted to full member in 2003.
	European Social Democratic Party^[50]	PSDE		Admitted as consultative member in 2008. Promoted to full member in 2012.^[51] Part of Alliance for European Integration.
	Mongolian People's Party^[52]	MPP		Admitted (as Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party) as observer member in 1999. Promoted (as Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party) to full member in 2003.
	Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro^[53]	DPS		Admitted as consultative member in 2003. Promoted to full member in 2008.
	Social Democratic Party of Montenegro^[54]	SDP		Admitted as observer member in 1996. Promoted to consultative member in 1999. Promoted to full member in 2003.
	Socialist Union of Popular Forces^[55] ^[56]	USFP		Promoted to full member in 1992.
	Frelimo Party	FRELIMO		Admitted as consultative member in 1996. Promoted to full member in 1999.
	South West Africa People's Organisation	SWAPO		Promoted to full member in 2008.
	Nepali Congress^[57]	NC		Admitted as consultative member in 1989. Promoted to full member in 1999.
	Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism	PNDS		Admitted as consultative member in 1996. Promoted to full member in 2003. Status unclear following the 2023 Nigerien coup d'état.
	Pakistan Peoples Party	PPP		Admitted as consultative member in 1989. Promoted to full member in 2003.
	Fatah^[58] ^[59]			Admitted as observer member in 1996. Promoted to consultative member in 1999. Promoted to full member in 2012.
	Democratic Revolutionary Party	PRD		Admitted as consultative member in 1986. Admitted as consultative member in 1996. Promoted to full member in 2003.
	Progressive Democratic Party	PDP		Admitted as consultative member in 2008. Promoted to full member in November 2015.
	Peruvian Aprista Party	PAP		Promoted to full member in 1999.
	Philippine Democratic Socialist Party	PDSP		Admitted as consultative member in 1992. Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees. Delisted in December 2014. Reinstated in 2019.
		PS
	Puerto Rican Independence Party	PIP		Consultative member in 1987, full member in 1994. Promoted to full member in 1992.
	Social Democratic Party^[60]	PSD		Admitted as consultative member in 1996. Promoted to full member in 1999. PSDR admitted as consultative member in 1992, full member in 2001. Admitted as full member in 2003. Both parties merged into PSD in 2001.
	Party of Socialists and Democrats	PSD		Consultative member in 1961, full member in 1980.
	Socialist Party of Senegal^[61]	PS		Full member since the 1970s. Boycotted last election.
	Direction – Social Democracy	SMER-SD		Full member.
	African National Congress	ANC		Admitted as full member in 1999.
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party	PSOE		Full member since 1951.
	Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties	FDTL		Admitted as consultative member in 2003. Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees. Promoted to full member in 2012. Boycotted the 2022–23 Tunisian parliamentary election.^[62]
	Republican People's Party^[63] ^[64]	CHP		Took Social Democratic Populist Party's place in 1995.
	New Space^[65]	PNE		Admitted as consultative member in 1999. Promoted to full member in 2003.Party does not individually stand in elections but participates as part of the Broad Front.
	A New Era	UNT		Admitted as consultative member in 2013.^[66] Promoted to full member in November 2015.
	Democratic Action^[67]	AD		Observer member in 1966, consultative member in 1981, full member mid 1980s.
	Popular Will	VP		Admitted as full member in December 2014.
	Yemeni Socialist Party	YSP		Admitted as observer member in 2003. Promoted to consultative member in 2008. Promoted to full member in 2012.

Consultative parties

There are 19 consultative parties:^{[19] [20]}

Country	Name	Abbr	Government	Notes	Lower House	Upper House
		BDP		Admitted as consultative member in June/July 2014.
	Unified Lumumbist Party	PALU		Admitted as observer member in December 2014. Upgraded to consultative in 2019.
Djibouti	Movement for Democratic Renewal and Development	MRD		Admitted as consultative members in 2019.
		PUDEMO		Admitted as consultative member in 2013. Political parties are banned in Eswatini.
		PGP		Admitted as consultative member in 1996.
		UDP		Admitted as consultative member in 2012.
		SDD		Admitted as consultative member in 2013.
	Convention People's Party	CPP	extra-parliamentary	Admitted as consultative member in 2018
		PAIGC		Admitted as consultative member in 2008.
		PDKI		Admitted as observer member in 1996. Promoted to consultative member in 2008. Officially banned in Iran.
		KPIK		Admitted as observer member in 2014^[68] Promoted to consultative member in 2018^[69] Officially banned in Iran.
		PNI		Admitted as observer member in 2008. Promoted to consultative member in 2012.
	Palestinian Popular Struggle Front	PPSF		Admitted as consultative member in 2018.
		POLISARIO		Admitted as observer member in 2008. Promoted to consultative member in 2017.^[70] ^[71]
		MLSTP/PSD		Admitted as consultative member in 2013.
		PYD		Admitted as consultative member in November 2015.
		CDPA		Admitted as consultative member in 1999.
	Social Democratic Party of Ukraine^[72]	SDPU		Admitted as consultative member in 2003.

Observer parties

There are eight observer parties:^{[19] [20]}

Country	Name	Abbr	Government	Notes
		SWADEPA		Admitted as observer member in June/July 2014.
	Labour Party^[73]
	Labour Party of Kenya			Admitted as observer member in 2012.
		VV		Admitted as observer member in 2018.
		LCD		Admitted as observer member in June/July 2014.
		SDPS		Admitted as observer member in 2018.
		JWP		Admitted as observer member in 2013^[74]
				Member since 1951. Currently holds a majority in Westminster, following the 2024 United Kingdom general election. Welsh Labour is in government in Wales and London Labour holds the London Mayoralty. The party asked to be downgraded to observer status in February 2013 "in view of ethical concerns, and to develop international co-operation through new networks."^[75] The request was accepted later that year.
(Northern Ireland)	Social Democratic and Labour Party^[76]	SDLP		Admitted as a full member in 1974.

Former members

Country	Name	Abbr	Notes
		PSD	Admitted as consultative member in 1992. Promoted to full member in 1996. Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees. Delisted in December 2014.
Algeria	National Liberation Front	FLN	Expelled following the 2019 Algerian protests.
	New Democracy	ND	Admitted as consultative member in 1999.
	Antigua and Barbuda Labour Party	ALP	Admitted as consultative member in 2008.
	Popular Socialist Party	PSP	Admitted as full member in 1992. Merged with the Democratic Socialist Party to form the Socialist Party.
	Socialist Party^[77]	PS	Full member since 1951.
	Azerbaijani Social Democratic Party	ASDP	Admitted as observer member in 1996. Promoted to consultative member in 2003. Readmitted as consultative member in June/July 2014. Admitted as full member in 2016. Party dissolved in 2023.^[78]
	People's Electoral Movement	MEP	Promoted to full member in 1992. Full member since 1994. Delisted in December 2014.
	Australian Labor Party	ALP	Admitted as full member in 1966. Delisted in December 2014.
		SPÖ	Admitted as a full member in 1951. Delisted in 2022.
	Barbados Labour Party	BLP	Admitted as full member in 1987. Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees. Delisted in December 2014.
	Belgian Socialist Party	PSB/BSP	Founder member. Split in 1978.
	Forward		Delisted in 2017.
	Democratic Union of Progressive Forces	UDFP	Admitted as observer member in 1992.
	Social Democratic Party	PSD	Admitted as consultative member in 1999. Promoted to full member in 2003.
	Alliance of Independent Social Democrats	SNSD	Admitted as consultative member in 2003. Promoted to full member in 2008 Expelled in August 2012.
	Botswana National Front	BNF	Admitted as observer member in 1996.
	Revolutionary Left Movement	MIR	Admitted as consultative member in 1986. Consultative member in 1987. Promoted to full member in 1992.
	Bulgarian Euro-Left	BEL^[79]	Admitted as observer member in 1999.
	Party for Democracy and Progress / Socialist Party	PDP/PS	Admitted as full member circa 1995. Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees. Delisted in December 2014.
	Front for Democracy in Burundi	FRODEBU	Admitted as consultative member in 2003. Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees. Delisted in December 2014.
Canada	Co-operative Commonwealth Federation	CCF	Became the New Democratic Party in 1961.
	New Democratic Party	NDP/NPD	Delisted in 2018.^[80]
	Movement for Democracy and Social Progress	MDPS	Admitted as observer member in 1992.
		KDP	Admitted as a full member in November 2015. Party dissolved in 2022.^[81]
		SDPK	Promoted to full member in June 2018. Party dissolved in 2020.	^[82]
	Ivorian Popular Front	FPI	Admitted as consultative member in 1992. Promoted to full member in 1996. Expelled in March 2011.^[83]
	Alternative Democratic Pole	PDA	Former observer member. Delisted in December 2014.
	M-19 Democratic Alliance	AD/M-19	Admitted as observer member in 1992.
	Partido MAN	MAN	Promoted to full member in 1989. Delisted in 2017.
	Social Democrats	SD	Founding member. Withdrew in 2017.
	Dominica Labour Party	DLP	Admitted as consultative member in 1996. Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees. Delisted in December 2014.
	Democratic Left	PID	Member since 1987. Delisted in 2017.
	Egyptian Social Democratic Party	ESDP (or HMDI in Arabic)	Admitted as consultative member in 2012. Promoted to full member in November 2015. Delisted in 2019 due to non-payment of membership fees.
	National Democratic Party	NDP	Admitted as full member in 1989. Full member since 1992. Expelled in January 2011.^[84] ^[85] ^[86]
	Democratic Party	PD	Admitted as observer member in 1996.
	Social Democratic Party^[87] ^[88]	SDE	Member since 1990. Withdrew in 2017.
	Fiji Labour Party	FLP	Admitted as consultative member in 1992. Expelled in 2008, due to the party's participation in a government issued from a military coup.
	French Section of the Workers' International	SFIO	Founding member. Member in 1951–1969.
	Union of Citizens of Georgia	CUG	Admitted as observer member in 1996. Party disbanded in 2003.
	Social Democratic Party of Germany	SPD	Founding member. Withdrew in 2017.
	Siumut		Admitted as consultative member in 1986. Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees. Delisted in December 2014.
	Social Democratic Convergence	CSD	Admitted as consultative member in 2003.
	Party of the National Congress of Democratic Movements	KONAKOM	Admitted as consultative member in 1992. Promoted to full member in 1996.
		OPL	Admitted (as Lavalas Political Organisation) as observer member in 1996.
	Revolutionary Progressive Nationalist Party	PANPRA	Admitted as consultative member in 1989. Promoted to full member in 1992.
	Social Democratic Party of Hungary	MSZDP	Member since 1990. Admitted as observer member in 1992. Promoted to consultative member in 1999.Promoted to full member in 2003. Delisted in 2020 due to inactivity
	Social Democratic Party	A	Member since 1987. Formed Social Democratic Alliance in 2000.
	Social Democratic Alliance	S	Withdrew in 2017.
	League of Iranian Socialists		Joined in 1960. It was dissolved in 1980s.
		Avoda	Until May 2020, it temporarily suspended membership in July 2018 over SI's adoption of BDS policies.^[89]
	Democratic Party of the Left	PDS	Admitted as full member in 1992. Merged with others to form Democrats of the Left in 1998.
	Democrats of the Left	DS	Full member since 1992 as Democratic Party of the Left. Merged with other movements to form the Democratic Party in 2007. Listed as SI member until XXIV Congress in 2012.
	Italian Socialist Party	PSI	Party dissolved in 1994 and succeeded by the Italian Socialists (who formed the Italian Democratic Socialists in 1998 and resumed as the Italian Socialist Party in 2007).
	Italian Democratic Socialist Party	PSDI	Founding member. Party merged into the Italian Democratic Socialists in 1998 (renamed into Italian Socialist Party in 2007).
	Democratic Socialist Party	DSP/Minsha-tō	Admitted as SI member in 1961.^[90] Merged with non-socialist movements to form the New Frontier Party in 1994.
	Japan Socialist Party	JSP/Shakai-tō	Admitted as SI member in 1951. Refounded as the Social Democratic Party in 1996.
	Jordanian Democratic Party of the Left	JDPL	Admitted as observer member in 2003.
	Ata Meken Socialist Party^[91]		Admitted as observer member in 2008.
	Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party	LSDSP	Full member since 1994. Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees. Delisted in December 2014.
	Social Democratic Party "Harmony"	SDPS	Admitted as consultative member in June/July 2014. Withdrew in 2017.
	Social Democratic Union of Macedonia^[92] ^[93]	SDSM	Admitted as observer member in 1996. Promoted to full member in 2003. Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees. Delisted in December 2014.
	Party for National Unity	VITM	Admitted as consultative member in 1989.
	Democratic Action Party^[94]	DAP	Full member since 1987. Delisted in 2017.
	Labour Party	PL	Full member since 1955. Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees. Delisted in December 2014.
	Party of the Democratic Revolution	PRD	Admitted as full member in 1996.
	Social Democratic Party of Moldova	PSDM	Admitted as observer member in 1996.
		MSDP	Admitted as consultative member in 1992. Promoted to full member in 1996. Merged with others in 2000 to form the Democratic Party.
	Congress of Democrats	CoD	Admitted as consultative member in 2003. Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees. Delisted in December 2014.
	Labour Party^[95]	PvdA	Decided to minimise involvement in SI in December 2012.^[96] Delisted in December 2014.
	New Zealand Labour Party	NZLP	Member since 1952. Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees. Delisted in December 2014.
Nicaragua	Sandinista National Liberation Front	FSLN	Expelled in January 2019 because of violation of human rights during the Nicaraguan protests
Nigeria	All Progressives Congress	APC	Admitted as consultative member in December 2014.
	Vietnamese Socialist Party		Consultative member between 1955 and 1969.
	Labour Party^[97]	DNA	Member since 1951. Withdrew in 2016.
	Party for a Country of Solidarity^[98]	PPS	Admitted as consultative member in 2003. Promoted to full member in 2008.
	Revolutionary Febrerista Party^[99]	PRF	Admitted as full member in the 1970s.
	Akbayan		Admitted as consultative member in 2003.
	Democratic Left Alliance^[100]	SLD	Full member since 1996. Withdrew in 2017.
	Labour Union	UP	Admitted as full member in 1996. Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees. Delisted in December 2014.
	Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland	SdRP	Admitted as full member in 1996. Absorbed into the Democratic Left Alliance in 1999.
	Democratic Party	PD	Admitted as consultative member in 1996. Promoted to full member in 1999. Merged with the Liberal Democratic Party to form the Democratic Liberal Party.
	A Just Russia — Patriots — For Truth^[101] ^[102]	SRZP	Admitted as observer member in 2008. Promoted to consultative member in 2010. Promoted to full member in 2012.^[103] Expelled in March 2022 for its support for the Russian invasion of Ukraine.^[104]
	Social Democratic Party of Russia	SDPR	Admitted as consultative member in 2003.
	Saint Kitts and Nevis Labour Party	SKNLP	Admitted as consultative member in 1992. Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees. Delisted in December 2014.
	Progressive Labour Party		Expelled in 1992.
	Saint Lucia Labour Party	SLP	Admitted as consultative member in 1992. Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees. Delisted in December 2014.
	Saint Vincent Labour Party	SVGLP	Admitted as consultative member in 1989. Merged with the Movement for National Unity in 1994 to form the Unity Labour Party.
	Unity Labour Party	ULP	Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees. Delisted in December 2014.
	Democratic Party^[105]	DS	Admitted as consultative member in 2003. Promoted to full member in 2008.
	Social Democratic Party	SDP	Admitted as consultative member in 2003. Promoted to full member in 2008. Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees. Ceased to exist in 2009
	People's Action Party	PAP	Resigned in 1976 in response to the Dutch Labour Party's charges of violations of human rights and detention of political prisoners without trial,^[106] and DLP and the British Labour Party's charges of media censorship.^[107] ^[108]
	Party of the Democratic Left	SDĽ	Admitted as full member in 1996. Merged with Direction – Social Democracy in 2005.
	Social Democratic Party of Slovakia	SDSS	Admitted as full member in 1992. Merged with Direction – Social Democracy in 2005.
	Slovenian Democratic Party	SDS	Admitted (as the Social Democratic Party of Slovenia) as observer member in 1992.
	Social Democrats	SD	Admitted (as United List of Social Democrats) as full member in 1996. Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees. Delisted in December 2014.
	Swedish Social Democratic Party	SAP	Withdrew in March 2017.^[109]
	Social Democratic Party of Switzerland^[110]	SP/PS	Withdrew in 2017.
		CCM	Admitted as full member in 2013.
		FRETILIN	Admitted as consultative member in 2003.
	Democratic Constitutional Rally	RCD	Admitted as full member in 1989. Full member since 1993. Expelled in January 2011.^[111]
	Popular Unity Movement	MUP	Admitted as consultative member in 1989.
	Democratic Left Party	DSP	Admitted as consultative member in 1986. Expelled in 1992.
	Democratic People's Party	DEHAP	Admitted as observer member in 2003. Merged with the Democratic Society Movement to form the Democratic Society Party which in turn was succeeded by the Peace and Democracy Party.
	Social Democracy Party	SODEP	Full member since 1990. Merged with the Republican People's Party in 1995.
	Social Democratic Populist Party	SHP	Admitted as consultative member in 1986. Promoted to full member in 1989. Merged with the Republican People's Party in 1995.
	Socialist Party of Ukraine	SPU	Admitted as consultative member in 2003. Expelled in July 2011.^[112]
	Democratic Socialists of America	DSA	Had been a member of SI since founding in 1982, withdrew in August 2017.^[113]
	Democratic Socialists Organizing Committee	DSOC	Member since 1976,^[114] merged with the New American Movement in 1982 to form the Democratic Socialists of America, which remained a member until 2011.
	Social Democrats, USA	SDUSA	Member since 1972. Withdrew in 2005.
	Party for the Government of the People	PGP	Admitted as consultative member in 1992. Merged with the Colorado Party in 1994.
	Socialist Party of Uruguay	PSUA	Admitted as full member in 1999. Withdrew in 2017.^[115]
	For Social Democracy	PODEMOS	Admitted as consultative member in 2008.
	Movement for Socialism	MAS	Admitted as consultative member in 2003.
	Patriotic Front	PF	Admitted as consultative member in 2013.
	Movement for Democratic Change	MDC	Admitted as full member in 2008. Delisted in 2017.

Fraternal organisations

• International Falcon Movement – Socialist Educational International
• Socialist International Women^[116]

See also

• French Section of the Workers' International
• Reformism

Left-wing InternationalsChronologically by ideology:

United left wing

• International Workingmen's Association, the First International (1864–1876)

Anarchist

• International Anarchist Congresses: at first with the 1st International; followed by:
  • International Working People's Association, sometimes known as the "Black" International (1881-1887); anarchist
  • International Workers' Association – Asociación Internacional de los Trabajadores IWA–AIT (est. 1922) and the International of Anarchist Federations (IFA; est. 1968), with several spin-offs: Libertarian Communist International (est. 1954), Anarchist International Conference (est. 1958), International Libertarian Solidarity (SIL/ILS) network (est. 2001)

Socialist & labour

• Second International (1889–1916), socialist and labour
• Berne International (est. 1919), socialist
• International Working Union of Socialist Parties (IWUSP), aka 2½ International or Vienna International, founded by Austro-Marxists (1921-1923)
• Labour and Socialist International (1923-1940), created by merger of Vienna and Berne Internationals

Communist

• Communist International, aka Third International or Comintern (1919-1943)

Trotskyist

• Fourth International (1938-1953 schism) led by the International Secretariat (ISFI); followed by Trotskyist internationals.
• Fourth International (post-reunification) (since 1963), by reunification of ISFI and parts of the International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI)

Democratic socialism

• Socialist International (est. 1951)

Reunification efforts

• Fifth International, phrase referring to socialist and communist groups aspiring to create a new workers' international

References

• Book: Historical Dictionary of Socialism. 2006. The Scarecrow Press. 978-0-8108-5560-1. Peter. Lamb. Second. James C.. Docherty. 12 September 2017. 23 February 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140223115609/http://www.scribd.com/doc/34254398/Docherty-Historical-Dictionary-of-Socialism. dead.

Further reading

• The Socialist International by Nikolai Sibilev, 1984.
• Social Democracy and Southern Africa by Vladimir Shubin (pseudonym of Vladimir Bushin), 1989.
• Julius Braunthal, "The Rebirth of Social Democracy," Foreign Affairs, vol. 27, no. 4 (July 1949), pp. 586–600. In JSTOR
• Pentti Vaananen, The Rose and the Fist, SYS Print, 2014, pp. 50–230.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Statutes of the Socialist International. Socialist International.
2. Web site: Finances of the International. Socialist International.
3. Web site: About Us. Socialist International.
4. Book: Nathan Gilbert Quimpo. The Post-war Rise and Decline of the Left. Toby Carroll. Shahar Hameiri. Lee Jones. The Political Economy of Southeast Asia: Politics and Uneven Development Under Hyperglobalisation. https://books.google.com/books?id=B1TUDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150. 2020. Springer Nature. 978-3-03-028255-4. 150.
5. Web site: Presidium. Socialist International.
6. The Dictionary of Contemporary Politics of South America, Routledge, 1989
7. Book: Väänänen, Pentti. 2012. Purppuraruusu ja samettinyrkki. 1st. fi. Kellastupa. 192–194. 9789525787115.
8. News: Socialist International finally kicks out Mubarak. Foreign Policy. en. 3 February 2011. 31 December 2022.
9. Web site: Statutes. Socialist International. en. 3 May 2019.
10. http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/streit-zwischen-spd-und-sozialistischer-internationale-bruderzwist-unter-sozialisten-1.1678352 Bruderzwist unter Sozialisten - Politik - Süddeutsche.de
11. http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/progressive-alliance-sozialdemokraten-gruenden-weltweites-netzwerk-a-901352.html Progressive Alliance: Sozialdemokraten gründen weltweites Netzwerk - SPIEGEL ONLINE
12. https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/sozialdemokratie-progressive-alliance-gegruendet-12191286.html Sozialdemokratie: „Progressive Alliance“ gegründet - Politik
13. Sozialistische Internationale hat ausgedient: SPD gründet "Progressive Alliance". n-tv.de. Retrieved on 15 July 2013.
14. News: SPD will Sozialistischer Internationale den Geldhahn zudrehen und den Mitgliedsbeitrag nicht zahlen – SPIEGEL ONLINE. Der Spiegel. 22 January 2012. 23 May 2013.
15. Web site: Sigmar Gabriel . 3 February 2011 . Gastbeitrag: Keine Kumpanei mit Despoten | Meinung – Frankfurter Rundschau . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924133228/http://www.fr-online.de/meinung/gastbeitrag-keine-kumpanei-mit-despoten,1472602,7705378.html . 2015-09-24 . 23 May 2013 . Fr-online.de . de.
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49. Web site: LSAP aujourd'hui. Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party. fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20131014013849/http://www.lsap.lu/lsap_Lsap-aujourdhui.124-2.html. 14 October 2013. dead. 14 July 2012.
50. Web site: Moldova. European Forum for Democracy and Solidarity. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150405153134/http://www.europeanforum.net/country/moldova. 5 April 2015.
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57. Web site: Introduction. Nepali Congress.
58. News: Fatah becomes member of Socialist International. Ma'an News Agency. 2 July 2011. 14 July 2012. 8 January 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150108232434/http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=401555. dead.
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