| Party of European Socialists | |||
| Abbreviation: | PES | ||
| President: | Stefan Löfven (SE) | ||
| Secretary General: | Achim Post (DE) | ||
| Predecessor: | Confederation of the Socialist Parties of the European Community (1973) | ||
| Headquarters: | Rue Guimard 10, 1040 Brussels, Belgium | ||
| Think Tank: | Foundation for European Progressive Studies | ||
| Youth Wing: | Young European Socialists | ||
| Womens Wing: | PES Women | ||
| Ideology: | Social democracy Pro-Europeanism | ||
| Position: | Centre-left[1] [2] | ||
| Europarl: | Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats | ||
| Colours: | Red | ||
| Seats1 Title: | European Parliament | ||
| Seats1: |
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| Seats2 Title: | European Council | ||
| Seats2: |
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| Seats3 Title: | European Commission | ||
| Seats3: |
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| Seats4 Title: | European Lower Houses | ||
| Seats4: | |||
| Seats5 Title: | European Upper Houses | ||
| Seats5: | |||
| Country: | European Union | ||
The Party of European Socialists (PES) is a social democratic[3] [4] European political party.[5]
The PES comprises national-level political parties from all the European economic area states (EEA) plus the United Kingdom. This includes major parties such as the Social Democratic Party of Germany, the French Socialist Party, the British Labour Party, the Italian Democratic Party, the Portuguese Socialist Party, the Romanian Social Democrat Party and the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party. Parties from a number of other European countries and from the Mediterranean region are also admitted to the PES as associate or observer parties.[6] Most member, associate, and observer parties are members of the wider Progressive Alliance or Socialist International.[7] [8]
The PES is currently led by its president, Stefan Löfven, a former Prime Minister of Sweden. Its political group in the European Parliament is the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D). The PES also operates in the European Committee of the Regions (in the PES Group in the Committee of the Regions) and the European Council.
The party's English name is "Party of European Socialists". In addition, the following names are used in other languages:
In March 2014 following the congress in Rome, the PES added the tagline "Socialists and Democrats" to its name following the admission of Italy's Democratic Party into the organisation.[9]
In 1961, the Socialists in the European Parliament attempted to produce a common 'European Socialist Programme' but this was neglected due to the applications of Britain, Denmark, Ireland and Norway to join the European Community. The Socialists' 1962 congress pushed for greater democratisation and powers for Parliament, though it was only in 1969 that this possibility was examined by the member states.[10]
In 1973, Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom joined the European Community, bringing in new parties from these countries. The enlarged Socialist Congress met in Bonn and inaugurated the Confederation of the Socialist Parties of the European Community. The Congress also passed a resolution on social policy, including the right to decent work, social security, democracy and equality in the European economy.[11] In 1978, the Confederation of Socialist Parties approved the first common European election Manifesto. It focused on several goals among which the most important were to ensure a right to decent work, fight pollution, end discrimination, protect the consumer and promote peace, human rights and civil liberties.
At its Luxembourg Congress in 1980, the Confederation of Socialist Parties approved its first Statute. The accession of Greece to the EU in 1981, followed by Spain and Portugal in 1986, brought in more parties.
In 1984, a common Socialist election manifesto proposed a socialist remedy for the economic crisis of the time by establishing a link between industrial production, protection of fundamental social benefits, and the fight for an improved quality of life.[11]
In 1992, with the European Community becoming the European Union and with the Treaty of Maastricht establishing the framework for political parties at a European level, the Confederation of Socialist Parties voted to transform itself into the Party of European Socialists. The party's first programme concentrated on job creation, democracy, gender equality, environmental and consumer protection, peace and security, regulation of immigration, discouragement of racism and fighting organised crime.[11]
Along with the Socialist Group in the European Parliament, the founding members of the PES were:[12]
In 2004, Poul Nyrup Rasmussen defeated Giuliano Amato to be elected President of the PES, succeeding Robin Cook in the post. He was re-elected for a further 2.5 years at the PES Congress in Porto on 8 December 2006 and again at the Prague Congress in 2009.
In 2010, the Foundation for European Progressive Studies was founded as the political foundation (think tank) of the PES.
Mr Rasmussen stood down at the PES Progressive Convention in Brussels on 24 November 2011. He was replaced as interim president by Sergey Stanishev, at the time chairman of the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP) and former prime minister of Bulgaria.
On 28–29 September 2012, the PES Congress in Brussels[13] Congress elected interim president Sergey Stanishev as full President, as well as four deputies: Jean-Christophe Cambadélis (1st Vice-President – PS), Elena Valenciano (PSOE), Jan Royall (Labour) and Katarína Neveďalová (Smer-SD). The same Congress elected Achim Post (SPD) as its new secretary general, and adopted a process which it described as "democratic and transparent" for electing its next candidate for Commission President in 2014.[14] Sergey Stanishev was re-elected PES President on 22–23 June 2015 in Budapest. The Congress also approved Achim Post (SPD) as the Secretary-General as well as the four Vice-Presidents: Jean-Christophe Cambadélis (PS), Carin Jämtin (Swedish Social Democratic Party), Katarína Neveďalová (Smer-SD) and Jan Royall (Labour).
On 7–8 December 2018, the PES Congress gathered in Lisbon to elect its leadership. Sergey Stanishev was confirmed as party President and Achim Post (SPD) as secretary general. Iratxe García (Spanish Socialist Workers' Party) was elected by the new presidency 1st Vice-President of the PES and Francisco André (Socialist Party (Portugal)), Katarína Neveďalová (Smer-SD) and Marita Ulvskog (Swedish Social Democratic Party) were elected PES Vice-Presidents. During the PES Presidency of October 2019, Heléne Fritzon (Swedish Social Democratic Party) became PES Vice-President, replacing Marita Ulvskog.
On 22–23 February 2019, the PES held its Election Congress in Madrid to endorse a Common Candidate and adopt its manifesto for the 2019 European Parliament election. The Election Congress acclaimed European Commission First Vice-President Frans Timmermans and adopted its manifesto: A New Social Contract for Europe.[15]
On 16 December 2021, the PES held its Council in Brussels, adopting the resolution: Fairness, Sustainability, Respect: a progressive vision for the future of Europe.[16]
On 14–15 October 2022, the PES Congress in Berlin elected Stefan Löfven (Swedish Social Democratic Party) as PES President and welcomed a new PES leadership team:[17] Caroline Gennez (Vooruit (political party)) as Treasurer, Iratxe García (Spanish Socialist Workers' Party) as First Vice President, Katarina Barley (SPD) and Francisco André (Socialist Party (Portugal)) as Executive Vice Presidents, Tanja Fajon (Social Democrats (Slovenia)), Victor Negrescu (Social Democratic Party (Romania)), Kati Piri (Labour Party (Netherlands)), Andrzej Szejna (New Left), and Radmila Šekerinska (Social Democratic Union of Macedonia) as Vice Presidents. Achim Post (SPD) continued as Secretary General, Giacomo Filibeck (Democratic Party (Italy)) took up the position of Executive Secretary General, Yonnec Polet (Socialist Party (Belgium)) remained as Deputy Secretary General, and Saar van Bueren (Labour Party (Netherlands)) became Deputy Secretary General. The Congress adopted the resolution: With Courage For Europe: leading Europe through change.[18]
On 29 June 2023, Georgian Dream was removed from the PES due to activities and positions far outside PES values.[19]
On 12 October, after the 2023 Slovak parliamentary election, the PES suspended Smer-SD and Hlas-SD over their plans to enter into coalition with the ultranationalist Slovak National Party (SNS), which the PES views as a "radical-right party."[20]
On 2 March 2024, the PES held its Election Congress in Rome and acclaimed European Commissioner Nicolas Schmit as presidential candidate and adopted its election programme.[21]
The PES has thirty-three full member parties from each of the twenty-seven EU member states, Norway and the UK. There are a further twelve associate and twelve observer parties from other European countries.[22]
| State | Name | abbr. | National MPs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social Democratic Party of Austria German: Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs | SPÖ | |||
 | Socialist Party French: Parti socialiste | PS | [23] | |
| Forward Ndebele, North; North Ndebele: Vooruit | Vooruit | [24] | ||
| Bulgarian Socialist Party Bulgarian: Българска социалистическа партия Bulgarian: Bulgarska sotsialisticheska partiya | BSP | |||
| Social Democratic Party of Croatia Croatian: Socijaldemokratska partija Hrvatske | SDP | |||
| Movement for Social Democracy Greek, Modern (1453-);: Κίνημα Σοσιαλδημοκρατών Greek, Modern (1453-);: Kinima Sosialdimokraton | EDEK | |||
| Social Democracy Czech: Sociální demokracie | SOCDEM | |||
| Social Democrats Danish: Socialdemokraterne | A | |||
| Social Democratic Party Estonian: Sotsiaaldemokraatlik Erakond | SDE | |||
| Social Democratic Party of Finland Finnish: Suomen sosialidemokraattinen puolue Swedish: Finlands socialdemokratiska parti | SDP | |||
| Socialist Party French: Parti socialiste | PS | |||
| Social Democratic Party of Germany German: Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands | SPD | (Bundestag) (Bundesrat) | ||
| Panhellenic Socialist Movement – Movement for Change Greek, Modern (1453-);: Πανελλήνιο Σοσιαλιστικό Κίνημα – Κίνημα Αλλαγής Greek, Modern (1453-);: Panellínio Sosialistikó Kínima– Kínima Allagís | PASOK-KINAL | |||
| Democratic Coalition Hungarian: Demokratikus Koalíció | DK | |||
| Hungarian Socialist Party Hungarian: Magyar Szocialista Párt | MSZP | |||
| Labour Party Irish: Páirtí an Lucht Oibre | Lab | |||
| Democratic Party Italian: Partito Democratico | PD | |||
| Italian Socialist Party Italian: Partito Socialista Italiano | PSI | |||
| Social Democratic Party "Harmony"[25] Latvian: Sociāldemokrātiskā partija "Saskaņa" | SDPS | |||
| Social Democratic Party of Lithuania Lithuanian: Lietuvos socialdemokratų partija | LSDP | |||
| Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party Luxembourgish; Letzeburgesch: Lëtzebuerger Sozialistesch Aarbechterpartei French: Parti ouvrier socialiste luxembourgeois German: Luxemburger Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei | LSAP | |||
| Labour Party Maltese: Partit Laburista | PL | |||
| Labour Party Dutch; Flemish: Partij van de Arbeid | PvdA | |||
| Labour Party Norwegian: Arbeiderpartiet | AP | Not in EU | ||
| New Left Polish: Nowa Lewica | NL | |||
| Socialist Party Portuguese: Partido Socialista | PS | |||
| Social Democratic Party Romanian; Moldavian; Moldovan: Partidul Social Democrat | PSD | |||
| SMER-SD | ||||
| Social Democrats Slovenian: Socialni demokrati | SD | |||
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party Spanish; Castilian: Partido Socialista Obrero Español | PSOE | |||
| Swedish Social Democratic Party Swedish: Sveriges socialdemokratiska arbetareparti | SAP | |||
| Labour Party | Labour | Not in EU | ||
| Social Democratic and Labour Party Irish: Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre | SDLP | Not in EU |
| State | Name | abbr. | National MPs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socialist Party of Albania Albanian: Partia Socialiste e Shqipërisë | PSS | |||
| Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnian: Socijaldemokratska partija Bosne i Hercegovine | SDP | |||
| Party of Bulgarian Social Democrats Bulgarian: Партия Български социалдемократи Bulgarian: Partiya Bulgarski Sotsialdemokrati | PBS | |||
| Social Democratic Alliance Icelandic: Samfylkingin | Samf. | |||
| European Social Democratic Party Romanian; Moldavian; Moldovan: Partidul Social Democrat European | PSDE | |||
| Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro Demokratska partija socijalista Crne Gore | DPS | |||
| Social Democratic Party of Montenegro Socijaldemokratska partija Crne Gore | SDP | |||
| Social Democratic Union of Macedonia Macedonian: Социјалдемократски сојуз на Македонија Macedonian: Socijaldemokratski Sojuz na Makedonija | SDSM | |||
| Hlas-SD | ||||
| Democratic Party Serbian: Демократска странка Serbian: Demokratska stranka | DS | |||
| Social Democratic Party of Switzerland German: Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz French: Parti socialiste suisse Italian: Partito Socialista Svizzero Romansh: Partida Socialdemocrata de la Svizra | SP/PS | |||
| Republican People's Party Turkish: Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi | CHP | |||
| Peoples' Equality and Democracy Party Turkish: Halkların Eşitlik ve Demokrasi Partisi Kurdish: Partiya Wekhevî û Demokrasiya Gelan | DEM |
| State | Name | abbr. | National MPs | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social Democratic Party Catalan; Valencian: Partit Socialdemòcrata | PS | ||||
| Armenian Revolutionary Federation Armenian: Հայ Յեղափոխական Դաշնակցութիւն Armenian: Hay Yeghap’vokhakan Dashnakts’ut’iwn | ARF | ||||
| Hramada Belarusian: Беларуская сацыял-дэмакратычная партыя (Грамада́) Belarusian: Biełaruskaja sacyjał-demakratyčeskaja partija (Hromada) | БСДП | Parties banned by the Lukashenko regime | |||
| Narodna Hramada Belarusian: Беларуская сацыял-дэмакратычная партыя (Народная Грамада) Belarusian: Bielaruskaja Sacyjal-Demakratyčnaja Partyja (Narodnaja Hramada) | БСДП (НГ) | ||||
| Egyptian Social Democratic Party Arabic: الحزب المصرى الديمقراطى الاجتماعى Arabic: al-Ḥizb al-Maṣrī al-Dimuqrāṭī al-Ijtmāʿī | ESDP | ||||
| Israeli Labor Party Hebrew: מִפְלֶגֶת הָעֲבוֹדָה הַיִּשְׂרְאֵלִית Hebrew: Mifleget HaAvoda HaIsraelit | אמת | ||||
| Meretz Hebrew: מֶרֶצ Hebrew: Meretz | מרצ | ||||
| Self-Determination Movement Albanian: Lëvizja Vetëvendosje | LVV | ||||
| Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party Latvian: Latvijas Sociāldemokrātiskā strādnieku partija | LSDSP | ||||
| Socialist Union of Popular Forces Arabic: الاتحاد الاشتراكي للقوات الشعبية Arabic: Al-Ittihad Al-Ishtirakiy Lilqawat Al-Sha'abiyah French: Union Socialiste des Forces Populaires | USFP | ||||
| Republican Turkish Party Turkish: Cumhuriyetçi Türk Partisi | CTP | ||||
| Fatah Arabic: فتح Arabic: Fatḥ | فتح | ||||
| PRO Romania Romanian; Moldavian; Moldovan: PRO România | PRO | ||||
| Party of Socialists and Democrats Italian: Partito dei Socialisti e dei Democratici | PSD | ||||
| Party of Freedom and Justice Serbian: Странка слободе и правде Serbian: Stranka slobode i pravde | SSP | ||||
| Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties Arabic: التكتل الديمقراطي من أجل العمل والحريات Arabic: at-Takattul ad-Dīmuqrāṭī min ajl il-‘Amal wal-Ḥurriyyāt French: Forum démocratique pour le travail et les libertés | FDTL |
The youth organisation of the PES is the Young European Socialists. PES Women is the party's women's organisation, led by Zita Gurmai. The LGBTI campaign organisation is Rainbow Rose.[26]
PES is an associated organisation of Socialist International and the Progressive Alliance.
The President (currently former Prime Minister of Sweden Stefan Löfven) represents the party on a daily basis and chairs the Presidency, which also consists of the Secretary General, President of the S&D group in Parliament and one representative per full/associate member party and organisation. They may also be joined by the President of the European Parliament (if a PES member), a PES European Commissioner and a representative from associate parties and organisations.[26]
The list below shows PES presidents and the presidents of its predecessors.[27]
| President | State | National party | Term | Photo | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Wilhelm Dröscher | Social Democratic Party of Germany | April 1974 | January 1979 | |||
| 2. | Robert Pontillon | Socialist Party | January 1979 | March 1980 | |||
| 3. | Joop den Uyl | Labour Party | March 1980 | May 1987 | |||
| 4. | Vítor Constâncio | Socialist Party | May 1987 | January 1989 | |||
| 5. | Guy Spitaels | Socialist Party | February 1989 | May 1992 | |||
| 6. | Willy Claes | Socialist Party | November 1992 | October 1994 | |||
| 7. | Rudolf Scharping | Social Democratic Party of Germany | March 1995 | May 2001 | |||
| 8. | Robin Cook | Labour Party | May 2001 | 24 April 2004 | |||
| 9. | Poul Nyrup Rasmussen | Social Democrats | 24 April 2004 | 24 November 2011 | |||
| 10. | Sergey Stanishev | Bulgarian Socialist Party | 24 November 2011 | 14 October 2022 | |||
| 11. | Stefan Löfven | Swedish Social Democratic Workers' Party | 14 October 2022 | – | |||
The parties meet at the party Congress twice every five years to decide on political orientation, such as adopting manifestos ahead of elections. Every year that the Congress does not meet, the Council (a smaller version of the Congress) shapes PES policy. The Congress also elects the party's President, Vice-Presidents and the Presidency.[26]
The Leader's Conference brings together Prime Ministers and Party Leaders from PES parties three to four times a year to agree strategies and resolutions.[26]
In December 2009, the PES decided to put forward a candidate for Commission President at all subsequent elections.[28] On 1 March 2014, the PES organised for the first time a European election Congress where a Common Manifesto[29] was adopted and the Common Candidate designate for the post of Commission President, Martin Schulz, was elected by over a thousand participants in Rome, Italy.In 2019, progressives elected Frans Timmermans as PES Common Candidate to the European Elections, during the Election Congress in Madrid on 22–23 February 2019.
| Organisation | Institution | Number of seats | |
|---|---|---|---|
| European Council (Heads of Government) | |||
| Council of the European Union (Participation in Government) | |||
European Commissioners are meant to remain independent, however there has been an increasing degree of politicisation within the Commission.[30] In the current European Commission, eight of the Commissioners belong to the PES family.
| Portfolio | Commissioner | State | Political party | Photo | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy | Josep Borrell | PSOE | |||
Vice-President
| Smer-SD | ||||
| Jobs and Social Rights | Nicolas Schmit | LSAP | |||
| Economy | Paolo Gentiloni | PD | |||
| Cohesion and Reforms | Elisa Ferreira | PS | |||
| Equality | Helena Dalli | PL | |||
| Home Affairs | Ylva Johansson | S | |||
| International Partnerships | Jutta Urpilainen | SDP |
Of the 27 heads of state and government that are members of the European Council, four are from the PES, and therefore regularly attend PES summits to prepare for European Council meetings.
| Member State | Representative | Title | Political party | Member of the Council since | Photo | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prime Minister | Social Democrats | |||||
| Olaf Scholz | Chancellor | SPD | ||||
| Prime Minister | PL | |||||
| Pedro Sánchez | Prime Minister | PSOE |
Through its associate and observer parties the PES has eight heads of state or government in non-EU countries:
| State | Representative | Title | Political party | In power since | Portrait | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Edi Rama | Prime Minister | PS | ||||
| Denis Bećirović | Bosniak Member of the Presidency | SDP BiH | ||||
| Jonas Gahr Støre | Prime Minister | A/Ap | ||||
| Élisabeth Baume-Schneider | Councillor | SP | ||||
| Beat Jans | Councillor | SP | ||||
| Keir Starmer | Prime Minister | Labour |
Party-alignment at the European Council is often loose, but has been the basis of some intergovernmental cooperation. At present five countries are led by a PES-affiliated leader, who represents that state at the European Council: Germany (Olaf Scholz), Spain (Pedro Sánchez), Malta (Robert Abela), and Denmark (Mette Frederiksen).
The makeup of national delegations to the Council of Ministers is at some times subject to coalitions: for the above governments led by a PES party, that party may not be present in all Council configurations; in other governments led by non-PES parties a PES minister may be its representative for certain portfolios. PES is in coalition in the following countries: Romania, Belgium, Slovenia and Estonia.
PES has 122 members in the Committee of the Regions as of 2014.[31]
European Parliament
| Year | Lead Candidate | Seats % | Seats | +/- | Status | Ref | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Pre-Brexit | Frans Timmermans | 19.4 (#2) | Coalition | [32] | |||
| Post-Brexit | 19.7 (#2) | 7 | ||||||
| 2024 | Nicolas Schmit | 17.6 (#2) | 12 | Coalition | [33] [34] | |||
Germany
Romania
Denmark
Slovenia
Estonia
Malta