Socialist Alliance (Australia) Explained

Socialist Alliance
Leader1 Title:Co-Convenors[1]
Leader1 Name:
  • Jacob Andrewartha
  • Sarah Hathway
  • Sam Wainwright
Predecessor:Democratic Socialist Perspective[2]
Headquarters:Ultimo, Sydney, New South Wales
Newspaper:Green Left
Youth Wing:Young Socialist Alliance
Membership Year:2021
Membership: 1,650
Ideology:
    Position:Left-wing[3]
    Colours: Red
    Slogan:“For the billions, not the billionaires!”
    Seats1 Title:House of Representatives
    Seats2 Title:Senate
    Seats3 Title:Merri-bek City Council
    Seats6 Title:Greater Geelong City Council
    Country:Australia

    Socialist Alliance is a socialist political party and activist organisation in Australia, founded in 2001 as an alliance of various socialist organisations and activists, initiated by the Democratic Socialist Perspective and the International Socialist Organisation.

    Engaging in a combination of grassroots activism and electoral politics, Socialist Alliance has three elected officeholders across Australia, all of whom serve on the local government level. They are councillors Sarah Hathway (City of Greater Geelong), Sue Bolton and Monica Harte (both serving in the City of Merri-bek).[4] [5] [6] [7]

    The party is involved with the trade union, environmentalist and student movements in Australia. It takes strong left-wing stances on numerous issues, including refugee rights, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander rights, anti-racism, and public ownership. Socialist Alliance also proposes nationalising the banking, energy and mining sectors. On workers' rights, the party supports raising the minimum wage, implementing wage theft and industrial manslaughter laws, increasing trade union bargaining to industry-wide status and reducing the working week to 30 hours. It opposes the building of new coalmines and any attempts to privatise public services such as Medicare. The party supports expansion of the public healthcare system to cover dental services and the cessation of public funding to private schools.[8] Policies of state branches include support for public housing, public transport, public education and publicly owned utilities, as well as advocating for less militarised and hard-line policing and justice systems.

    The party participated within the Victorian Socialists electoral alliance in Victoria, until it withdrew from it in May 2020.[9]

    History

    Formation and growth

    Socialist Alliance was founded in 2001 as a loose alliance of socialist organisations and individuals. The project was initiated by the Democratic Socialist Perspective and the International Socialist Organisation.[10] Seven other organisations were included in the initial exploratory meeting: the Freedom Socialist Party, Socialist Alternative, Socialist Democracy, Worker-communist Party of Iraq, Workers League, Worker's Liberty, and Worker's Power. The aim of the merger was to create greater left unity in the aftermath of the S11 protests of the World Economic Forum in Melbourne on 11–13 September 2000.

    Many non-aligned socialists were attracted by the idea of left unity, and soon after its formation Socialist Alliance grew to a point where a majority of its members were not members of any of the affiliate organisations.[11]

    Debate on form

    In response to this growth, the Democratic Socialist Perspective and many non-aligned members won a majority at successive national conferences for measures that would move Socialist Alliance in the direction of becoming a united socialist party, rather than simply an alliance of groups and individuals.

    Most of the affiliate organisations, however, in particular the International Socialist Organisation, preferred to keep Socialist Alliance as a broad left-wing electoral front for socialist organisations and individuals.

    In late 2003, the Democratic Socialist Party resolved to become "a Marxist tendency in the Socialist Alliance", renaming itself the "Democratic Socialist Perspective" as a step towards turning the Socialist Alliance into a "Multi-Tendency Socialist Party". This move was supported by some 75% of conference delegates at Socialist Alliance's national conference that year,[12] although other affiliates remained opposed.

    The 2005 National Conference saw the emergence of a number of particularly sharp political differences. These centred on: the extent to which Socialist Alliance should criticise the Australian Labor Party; whether the organisation should have a formal relationship with the newspaper associated with the Democratic Socialist perspective, Green Left Weekly, as a step towards Socialist Alliance itself having its own newspaper; and whether non-aligned members should have an automatic majority on the organisation's national executive.

    Mergers and withdrawals

    Following this conference three of the leading members of a "Non-Aligned Caucus" and most of the active affiliate organisations gradually withdrew from the Socialist Alliance. The "Non Aligned Caucus" was an ad hoc grouping of members who weren't aligned to any affiliated organisation which formed[13] in the lead up to the 2003 national conference.

    In 2006, Workers Power left the Alliance.[14] In 2007, the International Socialist Organisation also left.[15]

    In January 2010, the Democratic Socialist Perspective voted to merge into the Socialist Alliance, in effect ceasing to exist as an affiliate organisation.[16]

    In September 2012 the Socialist Alliance initiated unity discussions with Socialist Alternative.[17] [18] At the time, Socialist Alternative were in unity discussions with the Revolutionary Socialist Party (Australia) which led to a merger in early 2013.

    After approximately a year of leadership discussions, joint forums and participation by Socialist Alliance at Socialist Alternative's Marxism conference, the Socialist Alternative leadership publicly announced that they were pulling out unity discussions in November 2013, but remained open to ongoing collaboration.[19] Socialist Alternative claimed the Socialist Alliance's approach to a transitional program and electoral politics was "not sufficiently similar to carry through a sustained and productive unity."[20]

    While the Socialist Alliance welcomed the opportunity for ongoing collaboration,[21] it was critical of Socialist Alternative's reasons for withdrawal.[22] Leading Socialist Alliance member Dave Holmes accused the Socialist Alternative of "sticking with its very narrow, propagandist view of socialist politics" rather than seeking to unite to appeal to socialists more broadly.[23] The Socialist Alliance published the full correspondence on the unity discussions in its discussion bulletin, Alliance Voices.

    At its national conference in 2014, the socialist youth organisation Resistance voted to merge with the Socialist Alliance and become its official youth organisation.[24] The new organisation renamed itself Resistance: Young Socialist Alliance.[25]

    Resistance elects its own leadership body to coordinate the party's youth work and organise its youth conference, Radical Ideas.

    Victorian Socialists

    On 5 February 2018, it was announced that Socialist Alliance, the Socialist Alternative, community activists and trade unionists would work together to form an electoral alliance named the Victorian Socialists in order to contest the 2018 Victorian state election.[26] The leading candidates for the Northern Metropolitan Region included Yarra councillor Stephen Jolly, and also featured Moreland councillor Sue Bolton (Socialist Alliance) and asbestos lawyer Colleen Bolger (Socialist Alternative).[27] Socialist Alliance's Tim Gooden, former Geelong Trades Hall Secretary and CFMEU organiser, led the ticket for the Western Victoria Region. Although the party gained 4.6% of the vote, the highest of any minor party in the Northern Metropolitan Region, it failed to win a seat following preference deals.

    The Victorian Socialists ran candidates in the electorates of Calwell, Wills, and Cooper during the 2019 federal election, gaining 4.6%, 4.5%, and 4.2% of the vote respectively.[28]

    In 2020 Socialist Alliance withdrew from Victorian Socialists.[29]

    Branches and membership numbers

    In addition to having branches in major capital cities Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Adelaide, Canberra, and Hobart. The Socialist Alliance also maintains branches in and around a number of minor cities and regional areas, including in the Blue Mountains, Cairns, Geelong, Illawarra, New England and Newcastle.[30] The Socialist Alliance also has individual members spread across rural and regional Australia.[31]

    A branch in Fremantle existed, it included a branch office and a library.[32] [33]

    The Socialist Alliance is a registered political party at a federal level,[34] and annually maintains[35] electoral registration in New South Wales[36] and in Victoria.[37]

    Federal registration requires 500 members,[38] Victorian registration also requires 500 members in Victoria,[37] and 750 members are needed for NSW registration.[39]

    These figures reflect electorally registered members, however, and may not be an accurate measure of active or financial membership. A Socialist Alliance Perspectives resolution published in Alliance Voices in February 2012, suggests a membership figure of approximately 600.[40]

    Socialist Alliance members are generally organised in branches of at least 7 voting members who "...must pay an annual membership fee.", however the party Constitution allows for "at large" members living in areas with no nearby branch structure to join.[41]

    Publications

    Socialist Alliance's policy and constitution can be found on its website.[42]

    The newspaper Green Left Weekly – which is politically associated with the Socialist Alliance – runs a weekly Socialist Alliance column called "Our Common Cause". The Socialist Alliance also has a close working relationship with Links – International Journal of Socialist Renewal.[43] The Brisbane local newspaper The Westender[44] has also run a column written by the Socialist Alliance, and its members have been published on sites such as ABC's The Drum and Online Opinion.

    For around one year the Socialist Alliance published a quarterly journal, Seeing Red, the final issue of which came out in March 2006.

    The Socialist Alliance and its members have also published a large number of pamphlets and books, primarily through Resistance Books, on a range of historical, political and social justice issues.[45] [46]

    Before Green Left's website became the dominant means by which Socialist Alliance published written material online, they maintained a variety of blogs. Their internal discussion bulletin and national newsletter 'Alliance Voices' was maintained until 2014.[47] Their West Australian branch maintained a blog until 2016.[48] Socialist Alliance local councillors Sam Wainwright and Sue Bolton maintained individual websites until 2009 and 2013 respectively.[49] [50]

    Grassroots campaigning

    While Socialist Alliance, its affiliates and non-aligned members continue to put forward and argue for socialist politics in the electoral arena, the organisation places a stronger emphasis on building successful grassroots campaigns as a way of promoting socialist politics.[51] In the recent unity discussions with Socialist Alternative, the Socialist Alliance re-emphasised its support for this "transitional method" towards campaigns, arguing that campaign work is key to leading people to understanding the need to transform the whole capitalist system.

    Socialist Alliance has been involved in a broad range of campaigns since its formation, reflecting both its own developing political orientation, as well as the activities and politics of its affiliates. These include in trade union movement, education, and environmentalist movements, as well as numerous other grass roots campaigns including refugee rights, same-sex marriage rights, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander rights, climate change, and international solidarity with movements such as the Palestinian struggle for national self-determination, the Rojava revolution and the Bolivarian Revolution in Latin America, and social-justice and pro-democracy movements in South East Asia.

    Industrial

    Socialist Alliance places great importance on strengthening the union movement, with members active in a range of unions including, amongst others, the Australian Services Union, the Australian Education Union, the Australian Manufacturing Workers Union, the Australian Nursing Federation, the Community and Public Sector Union, the Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union, the Electrical Trades Union, the Finance Sector Union, the National Tertiary Education Union, the National Union of Workers, the New South Wales Teachers Federation, the Rail, Tram and Bus Industry Union, the Transport Workers Union and United Voice.

    In line with its criticism that the ALP is holding back and bureaucratising the union movement, Socialist Alliance encourages workers and unions to become independent of the ALP, to strengthen democracy in the unions and to set up a "new workers' party". However, it also works alongside rank-and-file union members on industrial campaigns, regardless of political affiliation.

    In 2005 and 2006, the Socialist Alliance initiated and helped organise trade union "fight-back" conferences,[52] [53] [54] in response to the Federal Government's "WorkChoices" legislation, attracting hundreds of union militants and members of other socialist groups.[55] The Socialist Alliance was involved in the Your Rights at Work campaign against WorkChoices that followed, as well as the campaign to abolish the Australian Building and Construction Commission (ABCC).[56] [57]

    Socialist Alliance has been highly critical of the Australian Labor Party's industrial policy for not returning enough rights to workers and for retaining the ABCC, describing the Rudd government's Fair Work Australia as little more than "WorkChoices-lite".[58]

    Notable Socialist Alliance trade union leaders have included Chris Cain, Western Australian State Secretary of the Maritime Union of Australia; Tim Gooden, former secretary of the Geelong Trades and Labour Council; and Craig Johnston, former Victorian State Secretary of the Australian Manufacturing Workers Union,[59] who was jailed for 9 months in 2004 after an industrial dispute at Johnson Tiles in 2001.[60]

    Anti-war and civil liberties

    Socialist Alliance is opposed to US and Australian military interventions such as the invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq. Socialist Alliance, its affiliates and members played a central role in the campaigns against these wars in 2001 and 2003. Socialist Alliance also played a leading role in founding the Stop the War Coalition in a number of cities, and organising protests in the years that followed.[61]

    Socialist Alliance members are also active in promoting the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions campaign against Israel.[62]

    Socialist Alliance opposes the "war on terror", claiming that it leads to increased racism against Arab and Muslim communities, and to government policies that threaten civil liberties.[63] [64] Socialist Alliance members were central to organising the protests in Sydney against APEC in 2007,[65] [66] and the visit of Pope Benedict XVI in 2008, in the face of increased police powers that were heavily criticised for violating civil liberties.[67] [68]

    The party conducts this work alongside other activist and community groups as well as individual activists in broader coalitions like the Stop the War Coalition,[69] [70] and the Gaza Defence Committee.[71]

    The environment

    Socialist Alliance is involved in a variety of campaigns around environmental issues, most notably climate change, helping to organise the 2006 Walk Against Warming rallies in some cities,[72] [73] and producing detailed policies[74] on combating climate change which have been created through an open wiki process[75] with broad membership input. Since the 2007 Federal Election, the environmental website VoteClimate[76] has rated Socialist Alliance environmental policy number 1 (ahead of the Greens).[77]

    Socialist Alliance members also helped to organise the[78] Climate Action Summit[79] in Canberra on 31 January – 1 February 2009, and is involved in building the new national Climate Action Network[80] that grew out of that summit.

    Socialist Alliance argues that no solution to the crisis caused by global warming is possible without overthrowing capitalism, and criticises market mechanisms such as carbon trading as being unworkable, profit-driven and reinforcing the capitalist relations that it alleges caused the pollution to begin with.

    Indigenous rights

    Socialist Alliance has played a role in recent campaigns for justice for indigenous Australians, particularly around the inquiries into the deaths-in-custody of TJ Hickey in Redfern[81] and Mulrunji Doomadgee on Palm Island. In the case of Mulrunji, leading indigenous activist, academic and Socialist Alliance member Sam Watson played a key role in organising the protests that led to the re-opening of the inquiry.[82]

    Socialist Alliance also opposes the Federal Government's Northern Territory intervention, and helped to organise the 12 February 2008 protests outside Parliament House in Canberra.[83]

    Anti-racism and immigrants rights

    Socialist Alliance has been able to build growing support among some ethnic community sectors in urban Australia such as among Somali youth,[84] [85] the Tamil community[86] [87] and from within the Latin American community.[88] [89] [90] In the latter case, the Socialist Alliance has been an active supporter of the Bolivarian Revolution in Venezuela and is affiliated to the Australia Venezuela Solidarity Network.[91]

    Socialist Alliance members have also been involved in the struggle for refugee rights, opposing mandatory detention of illegal immigrants, and calling for Australia to pursue a more humane policy on refugees.[92]

    Public services

    Socialist Alliance advocate the provision of quality public services by all levels of government, calling for increased funding in public education, healthcare, housing and transport. They also advocate expanding the public sector with the nationalisation of large multinational corporations. Furthermore, the party calls for capitalist enterprises that have received taxpayer-subsidies to either repay their subsidies back to the taxpayers in full or be nationalised without compensation.

    Socialist Alliance is involved in campaigns against privatisation like those planned by the New South Wales Government (for example electricity[93] and prisons[94]), alongside the Greens, unions, ALP members and community groups. They maintain that all privatisations must be reversed with nationalisation.

    Social justice

    Socialist Alliance is also active in a number of other social justice campaigns, including LGBTI rights,[95] [96] [97] women's liberation,[98] [99] [100] welfare rights,[101] [102] and prison reform,[103] [104] as well as around local issues.[105] [106] [107] [108] After an editorial by OUTinPerth accusing socialists of taking over the movement for equal marriage rights,[109] prominent LGBTIQ campaigner and Socialist Alliance member Farida Iqbal issued a reply arguing that the Socialist Alliance and others had played a prominent role in the Australian movement for marriage equality since it began in 2004.[110]

    International solidarity

    The party also places a large emphasis on international socialist solidarity. It is actively involved in supporting many left-wing movements around the world, such as those relating to Venezuela and the Bolivarian Revolution in Latin America,[111] Palestinian resistance, Kurdish self-determination in North Syria. Socialist Alliance also actively campaigns in solidarity with international pro-democracy movements as far ranging as Latin America,[112] the Middle East,[113] [114] Western Sahara,[115] Zimbabwe,[116] South East Asia,[117] [118] [119] [120] and elsewhere.

    Election results

    While the Socialist Alliance participates in elections, standing candidates at a range of levels, it does not see electoral politics as the most important vehicle for building socialism. Rather, it sees its participation in elections not as a way "to "represent" people's movements, but as a way to strengthen them and help them win their demands".[121] Socialist Alliance candidates also pledge to take only an average wage if elected, donating the remainder into the social movements.

    Federal

    The Socialist Alliance first campaigned in the 2001 federal election, however, candidates were listed as independents on the ballot as its application for electoral registration was suspended when the election was called early.

    House of Representatives
    Election year
    1. of
      overall votes
    		% of
    overall vote    		Notes
    200414,1550.12
    20079,9730.08
    20109,3480.08
    20135,0320.04
    20163,653 0.03
    20192,4470.02Outside Victoria running under Socialist Alliance.
    12,454 0.09Running under Victorian Socialists.
    Senate
    Election year
    1. of
      overall votes
    		% of
    overall vote    		Notes
    200413,3050.11
    20079,5250.08
    201032,5800.26
    20132,7280.02
    20169,968 0.07
    20197,905 0.05

    State

    New South Wales

    New South Wales Legislative Assembly
    Election year
    1. of
      overall votes
    		% of
    overall vote
    20071,2570.00
    20113,1800.08
    20151,2950.03
    20191,2080.03
    New South Wales Legislative Council
    Election year
    1. of
      overall votes
    		% of
    overall vote
    20035,4280.15
    200715,1420.40
    20119,7700.26
    20158,4890.18
    201913,1940.32

    Victoria

    The Socialist Alliance first ran in the 2002 Victorian state election, securing 3,274 votes or 0.11% of the vote.[122] In 2006, the party's vote dropped to 1,102 or 0.04%.[123] In 2010 the party won 1,787 votes, or 0.06%.[124] The results were stable for the next election in 2014 at 1,728 votes, 0.05% of the vote.[125] For the 2018 election, the Socialist Alliance ran as part of the Victorian Socialists, which won 15,442 votes (0.44%) in the Legislative Assembly and 32,603 votes (0.91%) in the Legislative Council.

    Council

    In the 2004 Victorian local government elections, Socialist Alliance did relatively well in two councils in Melbourne. In the Moreland City Council elections, two candidates exceeded 4%.[126] [127] In the election in the Boroondara City Council, a Socialist Alliance candidate won over 12% of the vote (in the absence of an Australian Labor Party-endorsed candidate) in Cotham ward.[128] [129]

    The 2008 Victorian local government election results were also positive. The Socialist Alliance polled almost 19% in the Stoney Creek ward of the Melbourne municipality of Maribyrnong[130] and polled over 10% in all wards bar one that it contested across the state.[131]

    In October 2009 the Socialist Alliance won its first election when Sam Wainwright was elected for the Hilton Ward of the Fremantle City Council.[132] [133] In October 2013, Sam Wainwright was re-elected to Fremantle's Hilton Ward with an outright majority of 58.33%.[134]

    In October 2012 the Socialist won its second election when Sue Bolton was elected to Moreland City Council in Melbourne's northern suburbs.[135] Merri-bek Council (renamed from Moreland in 2022) gained a second Socialist Alliance councillor in March 2022 when Monica Harte was elected on a countback to replace disgraced Labor property developer Milad el-Halabi.[136]

    Bolton, Harte, and Wainwright, along with Stephen Jolly in Yarra City Council and the Victorian Socialists' Jorge Jorquera in Maribyrnong City Council, are currently the only politicians in Australia elected on an explicitly socialist platform.

    See also

    External links

    Notes and References

    1. News: Andrewartha . Jacob . 19 January 2022 . Socialist Alliance 16th conference discusses collective pandemic response . . 1330 . 19 January 2022 . 18 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240718095830/https://www.greenleft.org.au/content/socialist-alliance-16th-conference-discusses-collective-pandemic-response . live .
    2. Evans . Bryan . 1 May 2004 . Old endings, new beginnings: Realignment on the socialist left . live . . https://web.archive.org/web/20211102100817/https://canadiandimension.com/articles/view/old-endings-new-beginnings-realignment-on-the-socialist-left-opens-new-poss . 2 November 2021 .
    3. News: Testa . Christopher . 28 May 2022 . Socialist Alliance candidate Pat O'Shane reflects on shifting the debate in far north Queensland . . 27 October 2022 . 18 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240718082852/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-05-28/pat-oshane-best-federal-election-result-for-socialist-alliance/101104612 . live .
    4. Web site: New Councillor elected to Windermere Ward . City of Greater Geelong . 19 October 2023 . 28 June 2023 . 18 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240718082902/https://www.geelongaustralia.com.au/council/news/item/8db77f7d21339d5.aspx . live .
    5. Web site: Mayor & Councillors . Cairns Regional Council . 19 October 2023 . 18 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240718082808/https://www.cairns.qld.gov.au/council/your-council/mayor-and-councillors . live .
    6. Web site: Moreland City Council election results 2020 . Victorian Electoral Commission . 19 October 2023 . 1 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231001215633/https://vec.vic.gov.au/results/council-election-results/2020-council-election-results/moreland-city-council . live .
    7. Web site: Councillor Monica Harte sworn in as North-West Ward Councillor . Merri-bek City Council . 19 October 2023 . 24 Mar 2022 . 3 November 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231103175702/https://merri-bek.vic.gov.au/my-council/news-and-publications/news/councillor-monica-harte-sworn-in-as-north-west-ward-councillor/ . live .
    8. Web site: 2016 Federal Election Platform | Socialist Alliance. 8 June 2017. 24 April 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180424135852/https://socialist-alliance.org/alliance-voices/2016-federal-election-platform. dead.
    9. Web site: Socialist Alliance withdraws from Victorian Socialists | Socialist Alliance. 14 May 2020. 14 May 2020. 15 January 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210115232841/https://socialist-alliance.org/news/socialist-alliance-withdraws-victorian-socialists. live.
    10. News: Socialist Alliance lifts off!: Founding represents historic moment for left electoral unity . Freedom Socialist Party . 19 February 2020 . 19 February 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200219035351/https://socialism.com/fs-article/socialist-alliance-lifts-off-founding-represents-historic-moment-for-left-electoral-unity/ . live .
    11. News: Socialist Alliance – what's worth defending . Green Left Weekly . 23 March 2005 . 11 November 2009 . dead . https://archive.today/20120905092335/http://www.greenleft.org.au/2005/620/35070 . 5 September 2012.
    12. "Socialist Alliance 2003 Conference Minutes "
    13. http://old.socialist-alliance.org/conf/2003_5/2003conf_bsp.shtml Socialist Alliance May 2003 national conference
    14. Web site: Workers Power resignation from Socialist Alliance . https://archive.today/20120712215245/http://groups.yahoo.com/group/GreenLeft_discussion/message/28757 . dead . 12 July 2012 . GreenLeft_discussion Yahoo!group . 16 April 2006 . 20 April 2009 .
    15. Web site: Australian ISO leaves Socialist Alliance . Marxmail . 7 April 2007 . 6 June 2012 . dead . https://archive.today/20121215045531/http://archives.econ.utah.edu/archives/marxism/2007w14/msg00215.html . 15 December 2012.
    16. Web site: DSP merges into Socialist Alliance . Democratic Socialist Perspective . 4 December 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140125232253/http://www.dsp.org.au/node/235 . 25 January 2014 . dead.
    17. Web site: Report on discussions between Socialist Alliance and Socialist Alternative . 4 November 2012 . Socialist Alliance . 4 December 2013 . 1 February 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140201191501/http://www.socialist-alliance.org/news/report-discussions-between-socialist-alliance-and-socialist-alternative . live .
    18. Web site: Socialist Alliance requests unity discussions with Socialist Alternative . Socialist Alternative . 4 December 2013 . 24 November 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121124021546/http://www.sa.org.au/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=7500:socialist-alliance-requests-unity-discussions-with-socialist-alternative&Itemid=546 . live .
    19. Web site: Unity and organisation on the left . Socialist Alternative . 4 December 2013 . 6 December 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131206042916/http://redflag.org.au/article/unity-and-organisation-left . live .
    20. Web site: Dossier on the unity talks between Socialist Alliance and Socialist Alternative . Alliance Voices . 4 December 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131125183803/http://alliancevoices.blogspot.com.au/2013/11/dossier-on-unity-talks-between.html . 25 November 2013 . dead .
    21. Web site: Unity talks stall, but collaboration to continue . 5 April 2013 . Green Left Weekly . 4 December 2013 . 12 January 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140112071133/https://www.greenleft.org.au/node/55341 . live .
    22. Web site: Unity and organisation on the left . Links Journal of International Socialist Renewal . 4 December 2013 . 8 December 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131208015145/http://links.org.au/node/3616 . live .
    23. Web site: Left unity: The way to challenge a sick system . 7 May 2013 . 12 January 2014 . 12 January 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140112062902/https://www.greenleft.org.au/node/55548 . live .
    24. Web site: Socialist Alliance youth wing formed following merger with Resistance . Socialist Alliance . 25 May 2014 . 28 May 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140528005722/http://www.socialist-alliance.org/news/socialist-alliance-youth-wing-formed-following-merger-resistance . live .
    25. Web site: Resistance: Young Socialist Alliance . Socialist Alliance . 25 May 2014 . 27 May 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140527214354/http://www.socialist-alliance.org/resistance . live .
    26. Web site: Socialists set sights on state seat. 2023-07-01 . en . . subscription .
    27. Web site: The Immodest Victorian Socialists . jacobinmag.com . 5 June 2019 . 2 June 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190602035610/https://jacobinmag.com/2018/09/victoria-socialists-australia-manifesto-elections . live .
    28. Web site: Walsh . Liz . Victorian Socialists to stand in federal election Red Flag . Red Flag . 3 March 2019 . en . 25 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201025232145/https://redflag.org.au/index.php/node/6703 . live .
    29. Web site: Socialist Alliance withdraws from Victorian Socialists . 14 May 2020 . 8 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230808061543/https://socialist-alliance.org/our-common-cause/2020-05-14/socialist-alliance-withdraws-victorian-socialists . 8 August 2023.
    30. Web site: Contact Socialist Alliance . Socialist Alliance . 14 October 2023 . 10 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231010154708/https://socialist-alliance.org/contact . live .
    31. Web site: Leading Gladstone ALP activist joins the Socialist Alliance (Full Version) . Socialist Alliance . 20 April 2011. dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140529051344/http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=1066 . 29 May 2014.
    32. Web site: Branches . Socialist Alliance . 14 October 2023 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131006184356/http://www.socialist-alliance.org/branches . 6 October 2013.
    33. Web site: New activist centre for Walyalup (Fremantle) . GreenLeft . 15 October 2016 . 14 October 2023 . 18 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231018072730/https://www.greenleft.org.au/content/new-activist-centre-walyalup-fremantle . live .
    34. Web site: Current Register of Political Parties . Australian Electoral Commission . 10 July 2009 . 21 June 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090621041457/http://www.aec.gov.au/Parties_and_Representatives/Party_Registration/Registered_parties/sa.htm . live .
    35. Web site: Political party registration in NSW . NSW Electoral Commission website . 25 June 2009 . 26 June 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090626011749/http://www.elections.nsw.gov.au/political_parties/registration . live .
    36. Web site: State registered political parties . NSW Electoral Commission . 25 June 2009.
    37. Web site: About Political Parties . Victorian Electoral Commission . 28 February 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110217163155/http://vec.vic.gov.au/Stand/stand-about.html . 17 February 2011 . dead.
    38. Web site: Australian Electoral Commission party registration application form . 26 December 2009 . 12 November 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20091112011822/http://www.aec.gov.au/pdf/party_reg/forms/reg_party.pdf . live .
    39. Web site: Handbook for Registration of Political Parties for NSW Parliamentary Elections . 26 December 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160216160459/http://www.elections.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/36854/Registration_of_Political_Parties_for_State_Elections_Handbook_Revised_Nov_09.pdf . 16 February 2016.
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    41. Web site: Constitution of the Socialist Alliance . Socialist Alliance . 25 May 2014 . 28 May 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140528010427/http://www.socialist-alliance.org/documents/constitution-socialist-alliance . live .
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    49. Web site: Sam's Freo Report . Sam's Freo Report . 14 October 2023 . 18 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231018072659/http://freoreport.blogspot.com/ . live .
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    51. http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=286 "Another Australia is possible..."
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    55. News: Union leaders: 'Defy Howard's laws!' . Green left Weekly . 22 June 2005 . 11 November 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20091009003233/http://www.greenleft.org.au/2005/630/34512 . 9 October 2009.
    56. Web site: Defend the Right to Strike! . Socialist Alliance . 7 July 2006 . 20 April 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110722104740/http://www.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=555 . 22 July 2011.
    57. Web site: Strengthen trade union-community unity to defend our rights at work . Socialist Alliance . 19 April 2007 . 20 April 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140529051928/http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=643 . 29 May 2014.
    58. http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=833 Our Rights at Work: Where the bloody hell are they?
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    61. News: Move to split Sydney anti-war coalition . Green Left Weekly . 23 July 2003 . 1 October 2009 . dead . https://archive.today/20120803223200/http://www.greenleft.org.au/2003/546/29937 . 3 August 2012.
    62. News: The Marrickville smear just shows their Green fear . Australian Broadcasting Corporation . 1 April 2011 . 20 April 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110404234434/http://www.abc.net.au/unleashed/45868.html . 4 April 2011 . dead.
    63. http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=333 "Troops out of Iraq now! Repeal the 'anti-terror' laws!"
    64. http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=490 "Guilty until proven innocent – 'justice' in the `war on terror’"
    65. http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=691 "‘The Australian government should withdraw its ambassador and halt all cooperation with the Burmese military regime’"
    66. http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=704 "Afghanistan is not a just cause, say anti-war activists"
    67. Web site: 2024-07-18 . ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) . 2024-07-18 . www.abc.net.au . en-AU . 24 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230824053227/https://www.abc.net.au/news . live .
    68. News: Pelly . Michael . 18 July 2008 . World Youth Day 'anti-annoyance' law be damned: appalled barristers quick to fight state . https://web.archive.org/web/20080723035222/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24037841-17044,00.html . 23 July 2008 . 18 July 2024 . The Australian.
    69. http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=402 "Unity needed to reawaken the sleeping giant"
    70. ""Socialist Alliance senate candidates for Victoria", Socialist Alliance, 2010. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
    71. ""Stand up for the people of Gaza!", Socialist Alliance, 2009. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
    72. Web site: Mel Barnes, candidate for Denison . Socialist Alliance . 2010 . 20 April 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140529051920/http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=972 . 29 May 2014.
    73. Web site: Gillard's climate 'plan': more talk while icecaps melt . Socialist Alliance . 26 July 2010 . 20 April 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140529051622/http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=1003 . 29 May 2014.
    74. Web site: Climate action now! Socialist Alliance Climate Change Charter . Socialist Alliance . 28 February 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140529051349/http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=674 . 29 May 2014.
    75. Web site: SA Environment Wiki & Workshop – charter . Green Left Wiki . 28 February 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20081003033926/http://greenleft.wikispaces.com/charter . 3 October 2008.
    76. Web site: Vote Climate Australia & Pacific . Vote Climate Australia . 28 February 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110216134748/http://www.voteclimate.org.au/ . 16 February 2011.
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    78. Web site: Canberra Climate Summit launches and unites new environment movement . Socialist Alliance . 28 February 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140529052123/http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=822 . 29 May 2014.
    79. Web site: Australia's Climate Action Summit – Acting together in 2010 . 28 February 2011 . 20 February 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110220200451/http://climatesummit.org.au/ . live .
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    81. Web site: Redfern: 'Stop the police murders' . Green Left Weekly . 16 February 2005 . 20 April 2011 . 28 September 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120928203538/http://www.greenleft.org.au/node/33191 . live .
    82. Web site: Activists call for Wotton's freedom . Brisbane Times . 1 November 2008 . 28 February 2011 . 18 October 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151018221231/http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/news/queensland/activists-call-for-wottons-freedom/2008/11/01/1224956377677.html . live .
    83. Web site: Sam Watson: 'Converge on Canberra 12 Feb for Aboriginal rights! . Socialist Alliance . 25 January 2008 . 28 February 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140529051347/http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=723 . 29 May 2014.
    84. Web site: Building anti-racist alliances . Socialist Alliance Newsletter . January 2004 . 20 April 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140529051922/http://old.socialist-alliance.org/newsletter/2004_01/anti_racist.shtml . 29 May 2014.
    85. Web site: Election campaign boosted by anti-racism rally . Socialist Alliance Newsletter . November 2003 . 20 April 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140529051456/http://old.socialist-alliance.org/newsletter/2003_11/anti_racism.shtml . 29 May 2014.
    86. Web site: Socialist Alliance and Green Left Weekly support Tamils . Tamil Justice . 22 April 2009 . 20 April 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110830121642/http://tamiljustice.com/2009/04/22/socialist-alliance-and-green-left-weekly-support-tamils/ . 30 August 2011 . dead.
    87. Web site: Socialist candidate: "I support the Tamil struggle" . Green Left Weekly . 20 March 2011 . 20 April 2011 . 14 May 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110514064434/http://www.greenleft.org.au/node/47041 . live .
    88. Web site: ALP stalwarts leave to stand as Socialist Alliance candidates in upcoming state election . Socialist Alliance . 17 February 2010 . 20 April 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140529051744/http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=1088 . 29 May 2014.
    89. Web site: NSW elections: Two more resign from ALP to support Socialist Alliance campaign . Socialist Alliance . 8 March 2010 . 20 April 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140529051351/http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=1096 . 29 May 2014.
    90. Web site: Latin American solidarity broadens and deepens in Sydney . Sydney Socialist Alliance . February 2010 . 20 April 2011 . 27 August 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110827130201/http://socialistalliancesydney.blogspot.com/2010/02/photos-from-forum-on-jan-30-indigenous_01.html . live .
    91. Web site: Australia-Venezuela Solidarity Network "We must confront the privileged elite who have destroyed a large part of the world." Hugo Chavez . 9 May 2008 . 13 May 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080513020015/http://www.venezuelasolidarity.org/? . live .
    92. "Socialist Alliance Refugee, Asylum Seeker and Immigration Rights Charter ". Retrieved 20 April 2009.
    93. Web site: Reverse the NSW power fire-sale, freeze electricity prices & hold a referendum on electricity privatisation . Socialist Alliance . 4 January 2011 . 20 April 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140529051452/http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=1074 . 29 May 2014.
    94. Web site: Stop the cell-off . 14 April 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090411214205/http://www.stopthecelloff.org.au/ . 11 April 2009 . dead.
    95. Web site: Ballarat pro-gay marriage rally draws hundreds . The Courier . 14 February 2010 . 20 April 2011 . 26 April 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110426215605/http://www.thecourier.com.au/news/local/news/general/ballarat-progay-marriage-rally-draws-hundreds/1750732.aspx . live .
    96. Web site: Rally backs gay marriage . The Mercury . 15 August 2010 . 20 April 2011 . 10 April 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120410042757/http://www.themercury.com.au/article/2010/08/15/166041_tasmania-news.html . dead .
    97. Web site: Socialist Alliance: 'Say no to homophobia!'. Socialist Alliance. 8 September 2005. 20 April 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140529051919/http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=472. 29 May 2014.
    98. Web site: Fighting for equal pay and justice in 21st century Australia . Socialist Alliance . 2010 . 20 April 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140529051624/http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=942 . 29 May 2014.
    99. Web site: Remove abortion from NSW Crimes Act, says candidate . Socialist Alliance . 15 October 2010 . 20 April 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140529051927/http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=1043 . 29 May 2014.
    100. Web site: One hundred years of International Women's Day . Socialist Alliance . 7 March 2011 . 20 April 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140529051926/http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=1095 . 29 May 2014.
    101. Web site: Welfare Rights Charter . Socialist Alliance . 20 April 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140529051504/http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=204 . 29 May 2014.
    102. Web site: Poverty: a disease that can be cured . Socialist Alliance . 21 July 2004 . 20 April 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140529051500/http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=284 . 29 May 2014.
    103. Web site: Prison inquiry fails to address the issue – reduce poverty to reduce crime! . 28 January 2011 . Socialist Alliance NSW . 20 April 2011 . 27 August 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110827125929/http://socialistalliancensw.blogspot.com/2011/01/prison-inquiry-fails-to-address-issue.html . live .
    104. Web site: Vote for the future. 4. 1. Justice Action. 20 April 2011. 25 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110725121843/http://www.justiceaction.org.au/cms/images/stories/JUST_US_Vol_4-1.pdf. dead.
    105. Web site: Wollongong Council: Elections now!. Socialist Alliance. 20 April 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140529051350/http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=756. 29 May 2014.
    106. Web site: First socialist elected to Fremantle Council. Socialist Alliance. 20 April 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140529051502/http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=878. 29 May 2014.
    107. Web site: Socialist Alliance response to REDWatch questionnaire . REDWatch . 20 April 2011 . 18 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240718095814/http://www.redwatch.org.au/redw/elections/state2007/marrickville/sam/answersmsa . live .
    108. Web site: Socialist Alliance joins migrant community activists in Blacktown local elections . Socialist Alliance . 30 July 2008 . 20 April 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140529051748/http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=773 . 29 May 2014.
    109. Web site: Hypocrites hating Abbott to death. Herald Sun. 21 January 2014. 28 January 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140128170843/http://blogs.news.com.au/heraldsun/andrewbolt/index.php/heraldsun/comments/hating_abbott_to_death. dead.
    110. Web site: Socialist Alliance: We're Not Setting Back Marriage Equality. 26 December 2013. OUTinPerth. 21 January 2014. 18 July 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240718083342/https://www.outinperth.com/socialist-alliance-representative-responds-setting-back-marriage-equality/. live.
    111. Web site: Venezuela . https://web.archive.org/web/20140528010556/http://www.socialist-alliance.org/policy/international-solidarity-latin-america/venezuela . dead . 28 May 2014 . Socialist Alliance . 25 May 2014 .
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    113. Web site: Stand up against Israeli apartheid . Socialist Alliance . 18 April 2011 . 20 April 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140529051616/http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=1107 . 29 May 2014.
    114. Web site: In solidarity with the people of Tunisia, Egypt and the Arab world . Socialist Alliance . 29 January 2011 . 20 April 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140529084410/http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=1080 . 29 May 2014.
    115. Web site: Western Sahara policy . Socialist Alliance . December 2008 . 20 April 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140529051745/http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=410 . 29 May 2014.
    116. Web site: Drop all charges against the Zimbabwean activists! . Socialist Alliance . March 2011 . 20 April 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140529051454/http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=1099 . 29 May 2014.
    117. Web site: Burma: regional left parties condemn attacks on workers' rights . Socialist Alliance . 16 September 2010 . 20 April 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140529051341/http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=1030 . 29 May 2014.
    118. Web site: Asian left parties: "Support the struggle for democracy and social justice in Nepal!" . Socialist Alliance . 6 May 2010 . 20 April 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140529051458/http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=932 . 29 May 2014.
    119. Web site: Thailand: 'Resolve crisis through democracy, not crackdown!' . Socialist Alliance . 10 April 2010 . 20 April 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140529051742/http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=924 . 29 May 2014.
    120. Web site: Labor and Coalition must act for West Papua . Socialist Alliance . 1 February 2006 . 20 April 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140529051501/http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=510 . 29 May 2014.
    121. Web site: About Socialist Alliance . Socialist Alliance . 26 May 2014 . 18 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240718083312/https://socialist-alliance.org/about . live .
    122. Web site: State Election 2002 results. Victorian Electoral Commission. 4 July 2016. 9 June 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160609062601/https://www.vec.vic.gov.au/Results/state2002resultsummary.html. dead.
    123. Web site: State Election 2006 results. Victorian Electoral Commission. 5 July 2016. 17 August 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160817102935/https://www.vec.vic.gov.au/Results/state2006resultsummary.html. dead.
    124. Web site: State Election 2010 results. Victorian Electoral Commission. 5 July 2016. 17 August 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160817141120/https://www.vec.vic.gov.au/Results/state2010resultsummary.html. dead.
    125. Web site: State Election 2014 - Summary. Victorian Electoral Commission. 5 July 2016. 17 August 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160817082118/https://www.vec.vic.gov.au/Results/State2014/Summary.html. dead.
    126. News: Socialist candidate wins council seat . Green Left Weekly . 8 December 2004 . 10 July 2009 . dead . https://archive.today/20120801223239/http://www.greenleft.org.au/2004/609/31223 . 1 August 2012.
    127. Web site: Results for Moreland City Council Elections 2004 . Victorian Electoral Commission . 28 February 2011 . 11 March 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110311220511/http://vec.vic.gov.au/Results/morelandresult2004.html . live .
    128. Web site: Socialist candidate wins council seat . Green Left Weekly . 28 February 2011 . dead . https://archive.today/20120801223239/http://www.greenleft.org.au/2004/609/31223 . 1 August 2012.
    129. Web site: Results for Boroondara City Council Elections 2004, Cotham ward . Victorian Electoral Commission . 28 February 2011 . 11 March 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110311190945/http://vec.vic.gov.au/Results/boroondararesult2004.html . dead .
    130. Web site: Results for Maribyrnong City Council Elections 2008, Wattle ward . Victorian Electoral Commission . 10 July 2009 . 11 March 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110311212324/http://vec.vic.gov.au/Results/maribyrnongresult2008.html . dead .
    131. Web site: Strong surge in socialist vote in Victorian council elections . Socialist Alliance . 2 December 2008 . 10 July 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140529051620/http://old.socialist-alliance.org/page.php?page=808 . 29 May 2014.
    132. Web site: Victory for Sam by 100 votes . Socialist Alliance: 'Sam for Hilton' blog . 18 October 2009 . 23 October 2009 . 7 August 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100807023835/http://samforhilton.blogspot.com/2009/10/victory-for-sam-by-100-votes.html . live .
    133. Web site: Fremantle Council Election results 2009 . Western Australian Electoral Commission . 17 October 2009 . 20 April 2011 .
    134. Web site: Local Government Elections - 2013 Ordinary Election Fremantle Results Western Australian Electoral Commission. elections.wa.gov.au. en. 28 March 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180329054100/https://elections.wa.gov.au/elections/local/election#/E885F29A-80E4-43E0-9135-5478B128ABB5/Fremantle. 29 March 2018. dead.
    135. Web site: Socialist elected to Moreland council. 6 September 2016. 18 December 2012. 15 February 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130215011816/http://www.greenleft.org.au/node/52726. live.
    136. Web site: Second socialist elected in Moreland, after Labor property developer steps down . 23 March 2022 . 19 November 2022 . 8 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221108062425/https://www.greenleft.org.au/content/second-socialist-elected-moreland-after-labor-property-developer-steps-down . live .

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