| Native Name: | Смоленская губерния |
| Conventional Long Name: | Smolensk Governorate |
| Common Name: | Smolensk |
| Subdivision: | Governorate |
| Nation: | Russian Empire |
| Year Start: | 1796 |
| Year End: | 1929 |
| Date End: | January 14, |
| P1: | Smolensk Voivodeship |
| S1: | Western Oblast |
| Image Map Caption: | Location within the Russian Empire |
| Capital: | Smolensk |
| Stat Pop1: | 1,525,279 |
| Stat Year1: | 1897 |
Smolensk Governorate (Russian: Смоленская губерния|Smolenskaya guberniya) was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, and the Russian SFSR. It existed, with interruptions, between 1708 and 1929.
Smolensk Governorate, together with seven other governorates, was established on, 1708, by an edict from Tsar Peter the Great.[1] As with the rest of the governorates, neither the borders nor internal subdivisions of Smolensk Governorate were defined; instead, the territory was defined as a set of cities, and section of lands adjacent to those cities.[2]
On, 1713, Smolensk Governorate was abolished and its territory was divided between Moscow and Riga Governorates. Smolensk Province was created as a result. The governorate was re-established in 1726, and Smolensk Province was re-incorporated into the Governorate. In 1775, it was included, along with parts of Moscow and Belgorod Governorates, into Smolensk Viceroyalty. The governorate was again restored in 1796.
After the October Revolution, Smolensk Governorate was base of independent Western Oblast/Western Commune, Soviet Socialist Republic of Belarus, Lithuanian–Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (Litbel), and finally incorporated into the Russian SFSR.
Eventually, on January 14, 1929, Smolensk Governorate was abolished and its territory was incorporated into Western Oblast.
Smolensk Governorate, together with seven other governorates, was established on, 1708, by Tsar Peter the Great's edict.[1] As with the rest of the governorates, neither the borders nor internal subdivisions of Smolensk Governorate were defined; instead, the territory was defined as a set of cities and the lands adjacent to those cities.[2]
At the time of establishment, the following thirty cities were included into Smolensk Governorate,
| 1. | Smolensk | 7. | Meshchevsk | 13. | Serpeysk |
| 2. | Belyaya | 8. | Mosalsk | 14. | Staritsa |
| 3. | Borisovo Gorodishche | 9. | Odoyev | 15. | Vorotynsk |
| 4. | Dorogobuzh | 10. | Peremyshl | 16. | Vyazma |
| 5. | Kozelsk | 11. | Pogoreloye Gorodishche | 17. | Zubtsov |
| 6. | Likhvin | 12. | Roslavl |
In 1713, when Smolensk Governorate was abolished and merged into Riga Governorate, the following five uyezds were established in the area formally occupied by the governorate (the administrative centers are given in parentheses),[3]
After Smolensk Governorate was re-established in 1726, it was subdivided into these five uyezds.
In 1775, Smolensk Viceroyalty was subdivided into 12 uyezds, which remained when it was transformed back to a governorate in 1802(the administrative centers, which all had the town status, are in parentheses),[3]
| Number ! | percentage (%) ! | males ! | females | ----- | 1,397,875 | 91.6 | 655,460 | 742,415 | ----- | 100,757 | 6.6 | 48,663 | 52,094 | ----- | 10,903 | 0.7 | 6,049 | 4,854 | ----- | 7,314 | 0.5 | 4,855 | 2,459 | ----- | 3,485 | 0.2 | 1,770 | 1,715 | ----- | 1,727 | 0.1 | 879 | 848 | ----- | 1,374 | 0.0 | 1,247 | 127 | ----- | 661 | 0.0 | 338 | 323 | ----- | 301 | 0.0 | 158 | 143 | ----- | 291 | 0.0 | 281 | 10 | ----- | 255 | 0.0 | 226 | 29 | ----- | Other | 336 | 0.0 | 190 | 146 | ----- | Total | 1,525,279 | 100.0 | 720,116 | 805,163 | + |
| Number ! | percentage (%) ! | males ! | females | ----- | Pravoslavs[5] | 1,480,110 | 97.0 | 696,506 | 783,604 | ----- | Old Believers and others split from Pravoslavs | 20,728 | 1.4 | 9,164 | 11,564 | ----- | 11,144 | 0.7 | 6,186 | 4,958 | ----- | 8,487 | 0.6 | 5,631 | 2,856 | ----- | 4,303 | 0.3 | 2,218 | 2,085 | ----- | 294 | 0.0 | 283 | 11 | ----- | 83 | 0.0 | 50 | 33 | ----- | 41 | 0.0 | 25 | 16 | ----- | 11 | 0.0 | 7 | 4 | ----- | 9 | 0.0 | 3 | 6 | ----- | 3 | 0.0 | 1 | 2 | ----- | 2 | 0.0 | 1 | 1 | ----- | Other: Christian denominations | 50 | 0.0 | 30 | 20 | ----- | Other: non-Christians | 6 | 0.0 | 6 | 0 | ----- | Total | 1,525,279 | 100.0 | 720,116 | 805,163 | + |