Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute Explained

The Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute is a nonprofit research institute in San Francisco, California, with a focus on vision science and rehabilitation engineering. It was founded in 1959 by Arthur Jampolsky and Alan B. Scott, when some members of Stanford University's Ophthalmology Department elected to stay in San Francisco rather than move to Palo Alto.[1]

Scientific contributions

The Institute did early experiments in sensory substitution, especially the substitution of tactile information for visual information to help blind people navigate[2] and other methods to obtain accessible technology.[3] This research is often performed by scientists who are blind, such as Josh Miele.[4]

The institute's use of botulinum toxin in humans as a therapy to treat strabismus. This initial therapeutic use led to later cosmetic use in Botox.[5] Other impactful work involved Anthony Norcia's study of vision in infants[6] and Erich Sutter's invention of the multifocal electroretinogram and of the multifocal evoked potential.[7]

The Institute has originated various visual illusions, including Christopher Tyler's development of autostereograms, and Anthony Norcia's coffer illusion.[8] Also popular are Tyler's analysis of the position of eyes in paintings,[9] of Mona Lisa's smile[10] and of Leonardo da Vinci's possible eye condition.[11] [12]

Scientists

Over the decades, the Institute has hosted generations of vision scientists, including

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: History Smith-Kettlewell. 2021-02-17. www.ski.org.
  2. Web site: Anwar. Yasmin. 2014-07-01. Blind lead the way in brave new world of tactile technology. 2021-02-17. Berkeley News. en-US.
  3. Web site: Bogardus Cortez. Meghan. 2017-03-10. Accessible Technology Helps Students with Disabilities Pursue STEM Degrees. 2021-02-17. Technology Solutions That Drive Education. en.
  4. News: Jamieson. Wendell. 2013-03-02. The Crime of His Childhood (Published 2013). en-US. The New York Times. 2021-02-17. 0362-4331.
  5. Vara. Vauhini. 2014-11-18. Billions and Billions for Botox. 2021-02-17. The New Yorker. en-us.
  6. News: Weber. Bruce. 1989-03-05. WORKS IN PROGRESS (Published 1989). en-US. The New York Times. 2021-02-17. 0362-4331.
  7. Hood. Donald C. September 2000. Assessing retinal function with the multifocal technique. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. en. 19. 5. 607–646. 10.1016/S1350-9462(00)00013-6. 10925245. 35169382. free.
  8. Web site: Coffer Illusion Best Illusion of the Year Contest. 2021-02-17. en-US.
  9. News: Blakeslee. Sandra. 1998-05-05. In Painting Eyes, Artists Go Halfway (Published 1998). en-US. The New York Times. 2021-02-17. 0362-4331.
  10. Web site: Cohen. Philip. 2004-06-23. Noisy secret of Mona Lisa's smile. 2021-02-17. New Scientist. en-US.
  11. Web site: Katie Hunt. 2019-11-27. Theory that Leonardo da Vinci's art was tied to rare eye condition refuted by new research. 2021-02-17. CNN.
  12. Web site: Nina Avramova. 2018-10-18. Rare eye condition was behind da Vinci's genius, research claims. 2021-02-17. CNN.
  13. Web site: Suzanne McKee Smith-Kettlewell. 2021-02-17. www.ski.org. en.
  14. Web site: VSS 2015 Davida Teller Award – Suzanne McKee. 2021-02-17. en-US.
  15. McKee . Suzanne P. . Envisioning a Woman Scientist . Annual Review of Vision Science . 15 September 2023 . 9 . 1 . 1–14 . 10.1146/annurev-vision-111022-123844 . en . 2374-4642. free .
  16. Web site: WIP. 2012-06-03. The Coffer Illusion Explained What is Psychology? - Part 2. 2021-02-17. en-US.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.