Neil Smelser Explained

Neil Smelser
Birth Name:Neil Joseph Smelser
Birth Date:22 July 1930
Birth Place:Kahoka, Missouri, US
Death Date:[1]
Death Place:Berkeley, California, US
Academic Advisors:Talcott Parsons
Discipline:Sociology
Workplaces:University of California, Berkeley

Neil Joseph Smelser (1930–2017) was an American sociologist who served as professor of sociology at the University of California, Berkeley. He was an active researcher from 1958 to 1994. His research was on collective behavior, sociological theory, economic sociology, sociology of education, social change, and comparative methods.[2] Among many lifetime achievements, Smelser "laid the foundations for economic sociology."[3]

Biography

Smelser was born in Kahoka, Missouri, on July 22, 1930. He received his undergraduate degree from Harvard University in 1952 in the Department of Social Relations.[4] From 1952 to 1954, he was a Rhodes scholar at Magdalen College, Oxford, where he studied economics, philosophy, and politics and was awarded a Bachelor of Arts degree. During his first year of graduate school at the age of 24, he co-authored Economy and Society with Talcott Parsons, first published in 1956.

He earned his Doctor of Philosophy degree in sociology from Harvard in 1958, and was a junior fellow of the Society of Fellows. He was given tenure a year after graduating from Harvard and joining Berkeley.[3] and, at the age of 31, he was the youngest editor of the American Sociological Review in 1961, just three years after coming to Berkeley.

He was the fifth director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences from 1994 to 2001. He retired in 1994 when he became an emeritus professor and died in Berkeley on October 2, 2017.[5]

Awards and honors

Over his career, Smelser received many prestigious awards and prizes.[6]

1968 American Academy of Arts and Sciences

1993 National Academy of Sciences

1993 Berkeley Citation https://awards.berkeley.edu/berkeley-citation/recipients

1995 Elected President of American Sociological Association

2000 Ernest W. Burgess Fellow of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.

2002 Mattei Dogan Foundation Prize for Distinguished Career Achievement from the International Sociological Association.https://www.isa-sociology.org/en/about-isa/isa-award-for-excellence-in-research-and-practice/foundation-mattei-dogan-prize

American Philosophical Society

Major works

Theory of Collective Behavior

In Theory of Collective Behavior,[7] Smelser offers a unified theory of collective behavior. It differs from the European social-psychological research on crowd psychology by Gustave Le Bon, Wilfred Trotter, William McDougall, and Sigmund Freud. It also breaks with the American tradition of Edward Alsworth Ross, Robert E. Park, and Herbert Blumer.[8]

As part of his theory, Smelser used the concept of value-added as a metaphor to describe how collective actions occur. Smelser's value added theory (or strain theory) argued that six elements were necessary for a particular kind of collective behavior to emerge:[9]

Economic sociology

Smelser was a proponent of economic sociology, an interdisciplinary field that links sociology and economics.

In The Sociology of Economic Life (1963), Smelser defines the field of economic sociology "as the sociological perspective applied to economic phenomena."[10] Smelser contrasts economic sociology to mainstream economics in terms of (1) their concept of the actor, (2) their concept of economic action, (3) their sense of constraints on Economic Action, (4) their view of the relationship between the economy and society, (5) their goals of analysis, (6) the models they employ, and (7) their intellectual tradition.[11]

Neil J. Smelser and Richard Swedberg's edited volume The Handbook of Economic Sociology (1994; 2nd edition in 2005) is credited with "consolidat[ing] the field of economic sociology."[12]

The comparative method

Smelser wrote some important early works on the comparative method in the social sciences.[13] In Comparative Methods in the Social Sciences (1976), Smelser shows how classic studies of Alexis de Tocqueville, Émile Durkheim, and Max Weber relied on the comparative method.

Smelser's work on the comparative method influenced a key text on the comparative method by Arend Lijphart.[14]

Publications

Resources on Smelser and his research

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: In Memoriam: Neil Smelser passed away on October 2, 2017 . UC Berkeley Sociology Department . University of California - Berkeley . 23 August 2020.
  2. Web site: Neil J. Smelser . sociology.berkeley.edu . 12 January 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20010828151758/http://sociology.berkeley.edu/faculty/smelser/index.html . 28 August 2001 . dead.
  3. Web site: Smelser, the golden era of sociology, and what we forget. 18 September 2013.
  4. Web site: Archived copy . sociology.berkeley.edu . 15 January 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100613233340/http://sociology.berkeley.edu/profiles/smelser/cv.pdf . 13 June 2010 . dead.
  5. Web site: Sociologist Neil Smelser, campus leader and Free Speech Movement diplomat, dies at 87. 2017-10-12.
  6. Information drawn from Social Science Space, "The Constant Diplomat: Neil Smelser, 1930-2017", 2017. https://www.socialsciencespace.com/2017/10/sociologist-synthesis-neil-smelser-1930-2017/ and https://www.aapss.org/fellow/neil-j-smelser/.
  7. Smelser, Neil J. Theory of Collective Behavior. New York: Free Press, 1963.
  8. Ormrod J.S. (2014) Smelser’s Theory of Collective Behaviour. In: Fantasy and Social Movements. Studies in the Psychosocial Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137348173_7
  9. Heath, R.L., Johansen, W. and Saffer, A.J. (2018). "Value-Added Theory". In The International Encyclopedia of Strategic Communication (eds R.L. Heath and W. Johansen).
  10. Neil J. Smelser, The Sociology of Economic Life. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1963, pp. 27-28.
  11. Neil J. Smelser and Richard Swedberg, "Introducing Economic Sociology," pp. 3-25, in Neil J. Smelser and Richard Swedberg (eds.), The Handbook of Economic Sociology, Second Edition. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005, pp. 3-6.
  12. Mauro F. Guillén, Randall Collins, Paula England, and Marshall Meyer, "The Revival of Economic Sociology," pp. 1-32, in Mauro F. Guillén, Randall Collins, Paula England, and Marshall Meyer (eds.), New Economic Sociology: The Developments in an Emerging Field. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2002, p. 5.
  13. Neil J. Smelser, “Notes on the Methodology of Comparative Analysis of Economic Activity.” Social Science Information 6(2-3) 1967: 7-21; Neil J. Smelser, Comparative Methods in the Social Sciences. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1976.
  14. Gerardo L. Munck and Richard Snyder, “Arend Lijphart: Political Institutions, Divided Societies, and Consociational Democracy,” pp. 234-72, in Gerardo L. Munck and Richard Snyder, Passion, Craft, and Method in Comparative Politics. Baltimore, Md.: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007, p. 263.

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