Smartphone patent wars explained

The smartphone wars or smartphone patents licensing and litigation refers to commercial struggles among smartphone manufacturers including Sony Mobile, Google, Apple Inc., Samsung, Microsoft, Nokia, Motorola, Huawei, LG Electronics, ZTE and HTC, by patent litigation and other means. The conflict is part of the wider "patent wars" between technology and software corporations.

To secure and increase market share, companies granted a patent can sue to prevent competitors from using the methods the patent covers. Since 2010 the number of lawsuits, counter-suits, and trade complaints based on patents and designs in the market for smartphones, and devices based on smartphone OSes such as Android and iOS, has increased significantly.

Timeline

Initial suits, countersuits, rulings, licence agreements, and other major events in italics:^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]}

2009

The pattern of suing and countersuing really began in 2009 as growth in the demand for smartphones accelerated dramatically with the advent of the modern smartphone, which combined a responsive touch screen with a modern multi-tasking operating system, a browser that provided full web access and an application store, in the form of the Apple iPhone 3G and the first Android phones.

• 2009, Oct 22: Nokia sues Apple over 10 patents.^{[6] [7]}
• 2009, Dec 11: Apple countersued Nokia over 13 patents.^[8]
• 2009, Dec 29: Nokia files a second lawsuit^[9] and a U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) complaint against Apple over 7 more patents.^[10]

2010

• 2010, Jan 15: Apple files an ITC complaint against Nokia over 9 patents.^{[11] [12]}
• 2010, Feb 19: Apple drops 4 patents from their countersuit against Nokia that are in their ITC complaint against Nokia.
• 2010, Feb 24: Apple countersues Nokia in Nokia's second lawsuit, over the 9 patents that are in Apple's ITC complaint.
• 2010, Mar 02: Apple sues HTC over 10 patents and files an ITC complaint against HTC over 10 other patents.^{[13] [14] [15] [16] [17]}
• 2010, Apr 26: 5 of the patents in Apple's ITC complaint against Nokia are merged into their ITC complaint against HTC.
• 2010, Apr 27: HTC signs an agreement with Microsoft to license Microsoft patents in return for royalties on HTC's Android-based devices^{[18] [19]} (rumored to be $5 per handset).
• 2010, May 7: Nokia files a third lawsuit against Apple over 5 more patents.^[20]
• 2010, May 12: HTC files an ITC complaint against Apple over 5 patents.^[21]
• 2010, May 28: S3 Graphics files an ITC complaint against Apple over 4 patents used in the iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad, and Apple computers.^[22]
• 2010, Jun 28: Apple countersues Nokia in Nokia's third lawsuit, over 7 more patents.
• 2010, Jul 06: HTC countersues Apple over 3 patents.^[23]
• 2010, Jul 21: Nokia drops 1 patent from their ITC complaint against Apple.
• 2010, Aug 12: Oracle sues Google over 7 patents relating to the use of Java in Android.^[24] See Oracle v. Google.
• 2010, Sep 17: Nokia adds 2 more patents to their third lawsuit against Apple.
• 2010, Sep 27: Apple sues Nokia in the UK and Germany over 9 patents.
• 2010, Sep 30: Nokia countersues Apple in Germany over 4 patents.
• 2010, Oct 01: Microsoft files an ITC complaint and a lawsuit against Motorola over 9 patents.^{[25] [26]}
• 2010, Oct 06: Motorola sues Apple over 18 patents, and files an ITC complaint against Apple over 6 of them.^[27]
• 2010, Oct 08: Motorola files a request for declaratory judgement that they do not infringe 12 Apple patents, and that those patents be declared invalid.^{[28] [29]}
• 2010, Oct 29: Apple sues Motorola over 6 patents, and files an ITC complaint against Motorola over 3 of them.^{[30] [31]}
• 2010, Dec 01: Apple adds the 12 patents to their suit against Motorola that Motorola previously requested declaratory judgement that they do not infringe.^[32]

2011

• 2011, Mar 21: Microsoft sues Barnes & Noble over the Android operating system in the Nook ebook reader.^{[33] [34] [35]}
• 2011, Apr 15: Apple sues Samsung for patent and trademark infringement (7 utility patents, 3 design patents, 3 registered trade dresses, 6 trademarked icons) with its Galaxy line of mobile products, including the Galaxy S smartphone and the Galaxy Tab tablet.^{[36] [37]}
• 2011, Apr 22: Samsung sues Apple in South Korea (5 patents), Japan (2 patents), and Germany (3 patents).^[38]
• 2011, Apr 28: Samsung countersues Apple over 10 patents.^[39]
• 2011, May 18: Samsung ordered to provide Apple samples of the announced Galaxy S2, Infuse 4G, and Infuse 4G LTE smartphones, as well as the Galaxy Tab 8.9 and Galaxy Tab 10.1 tablets as part of Apple's lawsuit against the company.^{[40] [41]}
• 2011, May 18: Samsung files a court motion for Apple to provide samples of the unannounced iPhone 5 and iPad 3 prototypes.^[42]
• 2011, Jun 14: Nokia and Apple settle their litigation with Apple agreeing to pay Nokia an undisclosed one-time payment as well as continuing royalties.^{[43] [44]}
• 2011, Jun 16: Apple amends its lawsuit against Samsung, dropping 2 utility patents and 1 design patent, and adding 3 new utility patents plus 4 trade dress applications, now covering the Samsung Galaxy Tab 10.1.^[45]
• 2011, Jun 22: Samsung's motion to be provided samples of Apple's unannounced iPhone 5 and iPad 3 prototypes is denied.^[46]
• 2011, Jun 27: General Dynamics Itronix signs an agreement with Microsoft to license Microsoft patents in return for royalties on General Dynamics Itronix's Android-based devices.^{[47] [48]}
• 2011, Jun 29: Velocity Micro signs an agreement with Microsoft to license Microsoft patents in return for royalties on Velocity Micro's Android-based devices.^{[48] [49]}
• 2011, Jun 30: A consortium of companies made up of Apple, EMC Corporation, Ericsson, Microsoft, Research In Motion and Sony win against Google^[50] in an auction of over 6,000 Nortel mobile-related telecommunications patents for US$4.5 billion.^{[51] [52]}
• 2011, Jun 30: Onkyo signs an agreement with Microsoft to license Microsoft patents in return for royalties on Onkyo's Android-based devices.^{[48] [53]}
• 2011, Jul 01: Apple files for preliminary injunction against 4 Samsung products: Infuse 4G, Galaxy S 4G, Droid Charge, and Galaxy Tab 10.1 based on 3 design patents and 1 utility patent.^[54]
• 2011, Jul 01: ITC rules that Apple infringes on 2 patents held by S3 Graphics, while not infringing on 2 others.^[55]
• 2011, Jul 05: Wistron signs an agreement with Microsoft to license Microsoft patents in return for royalties on Wistron's Android-based devices.^{[48] [56] [57]}
• 2011, Jul 06: HTC agrees to purchase S3 Graphics to secure 235 patents for use in its defense against Apple.^{[58] [59] [60]}
• 2011, Jul 06: Microsoft seeks $15 licensing fees from Samsung for a range of claimed patent violations on every Android device.^[61]
• 2011, Jul 11: Apple files a second ITC complaint against HTC over 5 more patents, and sues HTC over 4 patents from this second ITC complaint that they weren't already suing HTC over.^{[62] [63]}
• 2011, Jul 11-12: Google acquires 1,029 Patents from IBM for an undisclosed amount.^{[64] [65]}
• 2011, Jul 15: ITC finds HTC infringes on 2 Apple patents.^[66]
• 2011, Aug 02: Apple sues Samsung in Australia over 10 patents, resulting in Samsung delaying the launch and halting advertising of the Samsung Galaxy Tab 10.1 tablet in Australia to an indefinite date.^{[67] [68]}
• 2011, Aug 09: A German court issues a preliminary injunction against the Samsung Galaxy Tab 10.1 in Apple's lawsuit against Samsung which causes its sale to be banned in most of Europe.^{[69] [70]}
• 2011, Aug 15: Google announces its intention to buy Motorola Mobility for US$12.5 billion. Eighteen of Motorola's patents could potentially be used for defense or countersuits against Apple and Microsoft, and may influence the smartphone war. These patents may change the balance of power, and force the various players to settle their lawsuits.^{[71] [72]}
• 2011, Aug 16: The Samsung Galaxy Tab 10.1 sales ban in Europe is lifted outside of Germany.^{[73] [74]}
• 2011, Aug 17: Google acquires 1,023 more patents from IBM for an undisclosed amount (not revealed until 13 Sep 2011).^[75]
• 2011, Aug 23: Microsoft files a complaint with the ITC requesting a ban on several key Motorola smartphones and devices in the USA based on infringements of 7 patents.^{[76] [77]}
• 2011, Aug 24: A court in the Netherlands rules that Samsung will be banned from selling the Galaxy S, Galaxy S II and Galaxy Ace in a number of European countries due to Apple's patent infringement claims.^[78]
• 2011, Sep 02: Apple granted preliminary injunction against Samsung preventing display of the prototype Samsung Galaxy Tab 7.7 tablet at the IFA trade show in Berlin.^[79]
• 2011, Sep 02: Apple court filings assert that Andy Rubin got inspiration for Android framework while working at Apple before working at General Magic and Danger, Inc.^[80]
• 2011, Sep 07: HTC countersues Apple using nine patents from Google. The move is seen as a possible first step for Google giving direct support in lawsuits involving manufacturers using Android.^{[81] [82] [83] [84]}
• 2011, Sep 08: Acer^[85] and ViewSonic^[86] sign patent license agreements with Microsoft regarding their use of Android on smartphones and tablets.^{[87] [88]}
• 2011, Sep 09: Apple's preliminary injunction against sales of the Samsung Galaxy Tab 10.1 in Germany is upheld.^[89]
• 2011, Sep 12: Samsung announces a lawsuit against Apple in France that had been filed in July over 3 patents.^[90]
• 2011, Sep 12: Apple countersues Samsung in the UK over an unknown number of patents.^[91]
• 2011, Sep 13: Google's August 17 acquisition of 1,023 patents from IBM is revealed by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.^{[75] [92]}
• 2011, Sep 17: Samsung countersues Apple in Australia over 7 patents.^[93]
• 2011, Sep 28: Samsung signs an agreement with Microsoft to license Microsoft patents in return for royalties on Samsung's Android-based devices.^{[94] [95] [96]}
• 2011, Oct 12: An Australian court issues a preliminary injunction against the Samsung Galaxy Tab 10.1 in Apple's lawsuit against Samsung which prevents its sale in Australia leading up to the 2011 holiday season.^[97]
• 2011, Oct 13: Quanta signs an agreement with Microsoft to license Microsoft patents in return for royalties on Quanta's Android and Chrome-based devices.^{[98] [99]}
• 2011, Oct 13: Judge in Apple's U.S. lawsuit against Samsung agrees that Samsung's tablets infringe on Apple's patents, but also that the validity of some of the patents might be questionable.^[100]

2012

• 2012, Jan 17: Apple files a lawsuit in Düsseldorf regional court, Germany against Samsung claiming the Galaxy S2 infringes on Apple patents.^[101]
• 2012, Mar 7: Samsung files a lawsuit in Seoul's Central district court claiming that the iPhone 4S and iPad 2 infringe on three of its patents.^[102]
• 2012, Mar 7: Judge Allan Gropper ruled that Apple was disallowed from suing from Kodak for patent infringement. arguing that it would be an "inappropriate way forward".^[103]
• 2012, May 22: Google Inc. completes acquisition of Motorola Mobility.
• 2012, Jun 10: Apple sues Samsung over its auto-correct patent in San Jose Calif.^[104]
• 2012, Jun 23: Federal Judge Posner throws out Apple-Motorola case with prejudice.^[105]
• 2012, Jun 29: Apple is granted an injunction against import of the Samsung Galaxy Tab 10.1.^[106]
• 2012, Jun 30: Judge Lucy Koh grants Apple an injunction against the Samsung Galaxy Nexus.^[107]
• 2012, Jul 1: Samsung files an appeal against Apple's injunction against the Galaxy Nexus.^[108]
• 2012, Jul 2: Nokia claims that the Nexus 7 infringes on its patents.^[109]
• 2012, Jul 4: A high court in the UK rules that three of the four patents Apple brought up against HTC are invalid.^[110]
• 2012, Jul 6: Google and Samsung are forced to degrade the universal search bar on the Galaxy Nexus and Galaxy S3 as a result of an injunction granted to Apple by Judge Lucy Koh.^[111]
• 2012, Jul 6: The ITU announces that it is convening a patent roundtable on October 10 in Geneva to have stakeholders resolve their differences.^[112]
• 2012, Jul 9: Samsung wins a patent dispute on the Galaxy Tab against Apple in the UK. Judge Colin Birss stated that Samsung's tablets were "not as cool" as Apple's, and "do not have the same understated and extreme simplicity which is possessed by the Apple design."^[113]
• 2012, Jul 12: San Francisco-based EMG Technology sues Google in an East Texas court claiming the mobile version of Chrome infringes on its patent for "apparatus and method of manipulating a region on a wireless device screen for viewing, zooming and scrolling internet content."^[114]
• 2012, Jul 15: RIM is ordered to pay US$147 million to Mformation for infringement of its remote management patent.^[115]
• 2012, Jul 18: Apple is granted 'the mother of all smartphone patents' by the USPTO, "encompass[ing] the user interfaces Apple designed for blogging, e-mail, telephone, camera, video player, calendar, browser, widgets, search, notes, maps and most importantly, a multi-touch interface".^{[116] [117]}
• 2012, Jul 18: Apple is forced by UK Judge Birss to publish public apologies to Samsung on their website stating that Samsung did not copy the iPad.^{[118] [119] [120]}
• 2012, Jul 27: A Mannheim court bans Motorola's Android devices in Germany ruling that they infringe on Microsoft FAT patent.^[121]
• 2012, Aug 23: A court in Seoul in South Korea ruled that both Apple and Samsung had infringed each other's patents, and that Samsung had not copied the look and feel of Apple's products.
• 2012, Aug 24: Apple wins patent dispute against Samsung and is awarded $1.049 billion in damages for 6 of the 7 patents brought to bear.^[122] Samsung is awarded $0 in counter suit.^[123] The jury deliberated for 3 days before coming to a verdict^[124] that found among other things that Samsung violated the "scrolling bounce back" patent and "pinch to zoom" patent of Apple.^[123]
• 2012, Aug 31: A Tokyo court rules that Samsung's Galaxy smartphones and tablets do not violate an Apple patent on technology that synchronizes music and videos between devices and servers.^[125]
• 2012, Oct 11: A U.S. appellate court overturns the sales ban against the Samsung Galaxy Nexus smartphone finding that the district court in California "abused its discretion" in imposing a preliminary injunction on Galaxy Nexus sales and that Apple did not establish cause for a sales ban.^[126]
• 2012, Oct 18: The Court of Appeal of England and Wales upheld the High Court Judgement that Samsung's Galaxy Tablet didn't infringe Apple's designs. As part of the ruling Apple has been instructed to run advertisements in select publications and on its own website saying Samsung didn't copy its tablet designs. This decision is valid through all the European Union and led Darren Smyth partner at EIP to remark "this will be the end of the line. An appeal to the Supreme Court is in principle possible but there has been no indication so far that Apple plan such an appeal."^[127]
• 2012, Oct 23: In a non-final Office action the USPTO declares all 20 claims of Apple's rubber-banding patent (U.S. Patent No. 7,469,381) invalid, including claim 19, which Apple successfully asserted against Samsung in the summer trial in California. The claims were rejected based on 'obviousness' and 'lack of novelty'.^{[128] [129]}
• 2012, Nov 5: An Apple lawsuit against Google's Motorola Mobility over alleged patent abuse is thrown out by a US Federal Court.^[130]
• 2012, Nov 13: HTC settles with Apple and agrees to pay royalties of an undisclosed sum to Apple Inc.^[131]
• 2012, Nov 28: Ericsson, Swedish mobile communication infrastructure manufacturer, sues Samsung over patent infringement on its mobile infrastructure technology in the United States.^[132]
• 2012, Dec 7: Preliminary United States Patent and Trademark Office ruling declares the Steve Jobs patent, U.S. Patent No. 7,479,949, invalid on all 20 claims.^[133]
• 2012, Dec 13: A US federal jury rules that Apple's iPhone infringed on three mobile device patents belonging to MobileMedia Ideas LLC, a company belonging to Nokia and Sony.^[134]
• 2012, Dec 17: Judge Koh denies Apple's motion for permanent injunction against Samsung.^[135]
• 2012, Dec 26: Samsung Electronics files a complaint against Ericsson with the United States International Trade Commission (USITC) to ban some Ericsson products from sales in the US.^[136]

2013

• 2013, June: ITC rules iPads infringe on Samsung patents.^[137]
• 2013, August: ITC ruling from June vetoed, ITC blocks older Samsung phones for violating two Apple patents.^[137]
• 2013, Oct 31: Rockstar Consortium, a consortium owned by companies including Apple and Microsoft, starts legal action against Google, Huawei and Samsung,^[138] and other makers of Android phones including Asustek, HTC, LG Electronics, Pantech, and ZTE.^[139]
• 2013, December 23: Google initiates legal action against Rockstar Consortium with a countersuit filed in San Jose, California.^[140]

2014

• 2014, February: HTC and Nokia settled all their patent suits with HTC paying an undisclosed amount to Nokia.^[141]
• 2014, March: The $929 million judgement from the US trial Apple vs. Samsung becomes official. Samsung files a formal appeal.^[137]

2015

• 14 January: Ericsson sues Apple for breach of contract seeking a patent-licensing agreement for its mobile technology.^[142]
• 9 March: Microsoft sues Kyocera for patent infringement in U.S. federal court and seeks an import ban on three Android smartphones.^[143]

2016

• 6 December: The SCOTUS decided 8-0 to reverse the decision from the 2012 Apple v. Samsung trial that awarded hundreds of millions to Apple and returned the case to Federal Circuit court to define the appropriate legal standard to define "article of manufacture" because it is not the smartphone itself but could be just the case and screen to which the design patents relate.^[144]
• 8 July: Case (2016) Yue 03 Min Chu No. 1382 between Samsung and Huawei in China docketed.

2017

• March: IWNCOMM obtain the first SEP injunction in China against Sony.^{[145] [146] [147]}

2018

• 13 April: Samsung obtains an antisuit injunction against Huawei preventing them from enforcing two Chinese SEP injunctions.^[148]

2019

• 26 February: Samsung and Huawei submit a motion for stay in the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.^[149]

2021

• 12 July: Nokia sues OPPO in 4 different countries due to a 4G/5G patent(s)
• 14 September: OPPO countersues Nokia in 9 different countries

See also

• Litigation involving Apple Inc.
• Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co.
• Google litigation
• Motorola Mobility v. Apple Inc.
• Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc.
• Microsoft Corp. v. Motorola Inc.
• Samsung v. Huawei

Notes and References

1. Web site: Florian Mueller . Apple vs Android 10.12.02 . September 8, 2011.
2. Web site: Florian Mueller . NokiaVsApple_11.03.31.100 . September 8, 2011.
3. Web site: Florian Mueller . Microsoft vs Motorola 11.04.09 . September 8, 2011.
4. Web site: Florian Mueller . AppleVsSamsung_11.07.05 . September 8, 2011.
5. Web site: Florian Mueller . AppleVsHTCandS3_11.07.29 . September 8, 2011.
6. Web site: Nokia sues Apple over iPhone's use of patented wireless standards . Appleinsider.com . October 22, 2009 . January 5, 2012.
7. Web site: Nokia vs. Apple: the in-depth analysis . 29 October 2009 . Engadget.com . January 5, 2012.
8. Web site: Apple countersues Nokia for infringing 13 patents . 11 December 2009 . Engadget.com . January 5, 2012.
9. Web site: Foresman . Chris . Nokia adds additional lawsuit in patent catfight with Apple . Arstechnica.com . January 4, 2010 . January 5, 2012.
10. Web site: Foresman . Chris . Nokia hurls new salvo in spat with Apple, complains to ITC . Arstechnica.com . December 29, 2009 . January 5, 2012.
11. News: Decker . Susan . Apple Files New Trade Complaint With Against Nokia . Bloomberg.com . January 16, 2010 . January 5, 2012.
12. Web site: Cheng . Jacqui . Apple wants Nokia's US imports blocked . Arstechnica.com . January 18, 2010 . January 5, 2012.
13. Web site: Apple vs HTC: a patent breakdown . Engadget.com . March 2, 2010 . January 5, 2012.
14. Web site: Google backs HTC in what could be 'long and bloody battle' with Apple . Appleinsider.com . March 3, 2010 . January 5, 2012.
15. News: Bilton . Nick . What Apple vs. HTC Could Mean . Bits.blogs.nytimes.com . March 2, 2010 . January 5, 2012.
16. Web site: HTC says it uses own technology, not Apple's . Macworld.com . January 5, 2012.
17. Web site: Foresman . Chris . HTC lawsuit came after warning by Apple to handset makers . Arstechnica.com . March 9, 2010 . January 5, 2012.
18. Web site: Microsoft Announces Patent Agreement With HTC . Microsoft.com . April 27, 2010 . January 5, 2012.
19. Web site: HTC licenses Microsoft's mobile patents for Android phones – First Take . Gartenberg.wordpress.com . April 28, 2010 . January 5, 2012.
20. Web site: Johnston . Casey . Nokia applies patent thumbscrews to Apple's iPad . Arstechnica.com . May 7, 2010. January 5, 2012.
21. Web site: HTC countersues Apple, claims infringement of five patents . Appleinsider.com . May 12, 2010 . January 5, 2012.
22. Web site: S3 Graphics Files New 337 Complaint Regarding Certain Electronic Devices With Image Processing Systems . Itcblog.com . June 2, 2010 . January 5, 2012 . January 18, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120118071720/http://www.itcblog.com/20100602/s3-graphics-files-new-337-complaint-regarding-certain-electronic-devices-with-image-processing-systems/ . dead .
23. News: HTC Sues Apple UK Weeks after ITC Loss . Sara Yin . August 8, 2011. February 11, 2013 . PC Magazine.
24. Web site: Anthony Ha . Oracle sues Google over Android . Venturebeat.com . August 12, 2010 . January 5, 2012.
25. Web site: Protalinski . Emil . Microsoft sues Motorola, citing Android patent infringement . Arstechnica.com . October 2, 2010 . January 5, 2012.
26. Web site: Microsoft Files Patent Infringement Action Against Motorola . Microsoft.com . October 1, 2010 . January 5, 2012.
27. Web site: Foresman . Chris . Motorola asks ITC, two federal courts to throw book at Apple . Arstechnica.com . October 6, 2010 . January 5, 2012.
28. Web site: Motorola Moves Offensively with a New Lawsuit against Apple . Patentlyapple.com . October 15, 2010 . January 5, 2012.
29. https://arstechnica.com/apple/news/2010/10/motorola-horns-in-on-apple-vs-htc-files-suit-against-apple.ars Motorola seeks to invalidate Apple phone patents
30. http://www.patentlyapple.com/patently-apple/2010/10/apple-files-lawsuit-against-motorola-to-defend-multi-touch.html Apple Files Lawsuit against Motorola to Defend Multi-Touch
31. https://web.archive.org/web/20101125151201/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-11-23/apple-patent-case-against-motorola-to-get-trade-agency-review.html Apple Patent Case Against Motorola to Get Trade Agency Review
32. http://fosspatents.blogspot.com/2010/12/apple-vs-motorola-now-42-patents-in.html Apple vs. Motorola: now 42 patents-in-suit (24 Apple and 18 Motorola patents)
33. http://www.geekwire.com/2011/breaking-microsoft-sues-barnes-noble-android Microsoft sues Barnes & Noble over Android in Nook
34. http://press.nokia.com/2011/03/29/nokia-files-second-itc-complaint-against-apple/ Nokia files second ITC complaint against Apple
35. http://fosspatents.blogspot.com/2011/03/escalation-nokia-files-new-itc.html Escalation: Nokia files new ITC complaint against Apple (plus a corresponding federal lawsuit)
36. News: Apple to Samsung: Stop stealing ideas . CNN.com . April 19, 2011.
37. http://thisismynext.com/2011/04/19/apple-sues-samsung-analysis/ Apple sues Samsung: a complete lawsuit analysis
38. https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2383964,00.asp Samsung Countersues Apple for Patent Infringement
39. http://thisismynext.com/2011/04/29/samsung-sues-apple-infringing-10-patents-closer/ Samsung sues Apple for infringing 10 patents: a closer look
40. http://www.courthousenews.com/2011/05/19/36708.htm Samsung Must Show Cell Phones to Apple
41. https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2385861,00.asp Judge Orders Samsung to Give Apple Unreleased Tablets, Smartphones
42. http://thisismynext.com/2011/05/28/samsung-apple-iphone-5-ipad-3/ Samsung’s lawyers demand to see the iPhone 5 and iPad 3
43. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-06-14/nokia-apple-payments-to-nokia-settle-all-litigation.html Nokia Wins Apple Patent-License Deal Cash, Settles Lawsuits
44. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/06/14/apple-nokia-patent-lawsuit-settlement_n_876499.html Apple Settles With Nokia In Patent Lawsuit
45. Staff Reporter, "Apple alleges Samsung of ‘slavishly copying’ its technology; questions new Galaxy Tab 10.1", International Business Times, June 19, 2011.
46. http://thisismynext.com/2011/06/22/shocker-samsung-allowed-iphone-5-ipad-3/ Shocker: Samsung not allowed to see iPhone 5 and iPad 3
47. Web site: Microsoft and General Dynamics Itronix Sign Patent Agreement: Agreement will cover General Dynamics Itronix devices running the Android platform . Microsoft.com . June 27, 2011 . January 5, 2012.
48. http://fosspatents.blogspot.com/2011/06/android-device-makers-sign-up-as.html FOSS Patents: Android device makers sign up as Microsoft patent licensees -- an overview of the situation
49. Web site: Microsoft and Velocity Micro, Inc., Sign Patent Agreement Covering Android-Based Devices: Agreement provides broad coverage of Microsoft's patent portfolio . Microsoft.com . June 29, 2011 . January 5, 2012.
50. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-dealtalk-nortel-google-idUSTRE76104L20110702 Dealtalk: Google bid "pi" for Nortel patents and lost
51. http://www.marketwatch.com/story/nortel-announces-the-winning-bidder-of-its-patent-portfolio-for-a-purchase-price-of-us45-billion-2011-06-30?reflink=MW_news_stmp Nortel Announces the Winning Bidder of Its Patent Portfolio for a Purchase Price of US$4.5 Billion
52. https://techcrunch.com/2011/07/01/apple-microsoft-rim-google-nortel-patents/ Who Won The 6,000+ Nortel Patents? Apple, RIM, Microsoft — Everyone But Google
53. Web site: Microsoft and Onkyo Corp. Sign Patent Agreement Covering Android-Based Tablets: Agreement provides broad coverage of Microsoft's patent portfolio . Microsoft.com . January 5, 2012.
54. http://fosspatents.blogspot.com/2011/07/apple-files-motion-for-preliminary.html Apple files motion for preliminary injunction in the U.S. against four Samsung products: Infuse 4G, Galaxy S 4G, Droid Charge, Galaxy Tab 10.1
55. http://news.cnet.com/8301-27076_3-20076219-248/itc-ruling-mixed-in-s3-graphics-v-apple/?tag=mncol;txt ITC ruling mixed in S3 Graphics v. Apple
56. Web site: Microsoft and Wistron Sign Patent Agreement: Agreement will cover Wistron's Android tablets, smartphones and e-readers . Microsoft.com . July 5, 2011 . January 5, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120815095603/http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/press/2011/jul11/07-05WistronPR.aspx . 2012-08-15 . dead .
57. http://www.networkworld.com/news/2011/070511-microsoft-patent-android.html Microsoft patent division taking cash from at least 5 Android vendors
58. http://www.dailytech.com/VIA+WTI+Sell+Stakes+in+S3+Graphics+to+HTC/article22078.htm DailyTech - VIA, WTI Sell Stakes in S3 Graphics to HTC
59. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-07-06/htc-to-buy-s3-graphics-securing-patents-in-apple-fight-1-.html HTC to Acquire Chip Designer S3 Graphics, Securing Patents in Apple Fight - Bloomberg
60. http://news.cnet.com/8301-1035_3-20077720-94/htc-facing-backlash-for-s3-acquisition/?tag=mncol;txt HTC facing backlash for S3 acquisition
61. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-samsung-microsoft-idUSTRE7651DB20110706 Microsoft wants Samsung to pay smartphone license
62. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-07-11/apple-files-new-trade-complaint-against-htc-over-devices.html HTC’s Flyer Tablet, Droid Accused of Infringing Apple Patents - Bloomberg
63. http://fosspatents.blogspot.com/2011/07/apple-files-second-itc-complaint.html FOSS Patents: Apple files second ITC complaint against HTC: better luck next time?
64. http://www.seobythesea.com/2011/07/google-acquires-ibm-patents-in-july/ Google Acquires Over 1,000 IBM Patents in July
65. http://www.seobythesea.com/2011/07/googles-new-patents-from-ibm/ Google's New Patents from IBM
66. http://allthingsd.com/20110715/itc-rules-htc-violated-two-apple-patents/?refcat=news Bad News for Android: ITC Rules HTC Violated Two Apple Patents - John Paczkowski - News - AllThingsD
67. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-08-01/apple-seeks-to-block-samsung-from-selling-tablet-in-australia.html Apple Lawsuit Puts Samsung Tablet Sales in Australia on Hold
68. http://fosspatents.blogspot.com/2011/08/samsungs-official-comment-on-australian.html Samsung's official comment on the Australian Galaxy Tab 10.1 situation is extremely weak
69. News: Tsukayama . Hayley . Samsung Galaxy Tab 10.1 imports banned in most of Europe . The Washington Post . August 10, 2011 . August 11, 2011.
70. http://fosspatents.blogspot.com/2011/08/preliminary-injunction-granted-by.html Preliminary injunction granted by German court: Apple blocks Samsung Galaxy Tab 10.1 in the entire European Union except for the Netherlands
71. Web site: Microsoft files to ban imports of Motorola smartphones . Android and Me . December 10, 2011.
72. News: Womack . Brian . Motorola Value Found in 18 Patents Used Against Apple: Tech . Bloomberg . August 22, 2011 . December 10, 2011.
73. News: Samsung Galaxy tablet ban lifted in most of Europe . Reuters . August 16, 2011 . Nicola . Leske . August 16, 2011.
74. News: Samsung Galaxy Tab ban is on hold . BBC . August 16, 2011 . August 16, 2011.
75. http://www.seobythesea.com/2011/09/google-ibm-patents-august/#more-6675 Google and IBM do it again: Google Acquires over 1,000 Patents from IBM in August
76. https://techcrunch.com/2011/08/23/microsoft-asks-for-an-import-ban-on-motorola-smartphones/ Microsoft Asks For An Import Ban On Motorola Smartphones
77. Web site: Microsoft files to ban imports of Motorola smartphones . Android and Me . December 10, 2011.
78. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-14652482 Euro ban for Samsung Galaxy phone
79. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-09-04/apple-wins-german-injunction-on-new-galaxy-tab.html Samsung Puts Galaxy 10.1 Tablet on Hold as Apple Wins German Court Order
80. http://fosspatents.blogspot.com/2011/09/apple-to-itc-andy-rubin-got-inspiration.html FOSS Patents: Apple to ITC: Andy Rubin got inspiration for Android framework while working at Apple, hence infringes an Apple API patent
81. News: Milford . Phil . HTC Sues Apple Using Google Patents Bought Last Week as Battle Escalates . Bloomberg . September 8, 2011 . December 10, 2011.
82. https://web.archive.org/web/20111123220302/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-09-08/google-hands-htc-patents-to-use-against-apple-in-smartphone-wars.html Google Hands HTC Patents to Use Against Apple in Smartphone Wars
83. Web site: Patel . Nilay . HTC sues Apple for patent infringement… using patents purchased by Google . Thisismynext.com . September 7, 2011 . January 5, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111026044541/http://thisismynext.com/2011/09/07/htc-sues-apple-patent-infringement-patents-purchased-google/ . 2011-10-26 . dead .
84. http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2011/09/08/google-gets-its-hands-dirty/ Google gets its hands dirty - Apple 2.0 - Fortune Tech
85. Web site: Microsoft and Acer Sign Patent License Agreement: Agreement will cover Acer's Android tablets and smartphones . Microsoft.com . September 8, 2011 . January 5, 2012.
86. Web site: Microsoft and ViewSonic Sign Patent Agreement: Agreement will cover ViewSonic's Android Tablets and smartphones . Microsoft.com . September 8, 2011 . January 5, 2012.
87. Web site: Microsoft ropes two more OEMs into Android patent deal . https://web.archive.org/web/20111122192312/http://www.zdnet.com/blog/hardware/microsoft-ropes-two-more-oems-into-android-patent-deal/14622 . dead . November 22, 2011 . Zdnet.com . January 5, 2012.
88. News: Microsoft signs Android patent agreements with Acer, ViewSonic . Seattletimes.nwsource.com . September 8, 2011 . January 5, 2012 . Janet I. . Tu.
89. News: Matussek . Karin . Apple Wins German Ban on Samsung Tablet . Bloomberg.com . September 9, 2011 . January 5, 2012.
90. Web site: Latest Samsung lawsuit targets Apple's iPhone, iPad in France . AppleInsider . September 13, 2011 . January 5, 2012.
91. Web site: Meyer . David . Apple sues Samsung in the UK over Android | ZDNet UK . Zdnet.co.uk . September 14, 2011 . January 5, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111224002533/http://www.zdnet.co.uk/blogs/communication-breakdown-10000030/apple-sues-samsung-in-the-uk-over-android-10024342/ . 2011-12-24 . dead .
92. Web site: USPTO Assignments on the Web . Assignments.uspto.gov . January 5, 2012.
93. Web site: Samsung fires back at Apple in Australia with countersuit against iPhone, iPad . 17 September 2011 . Appleinsider.com . January 5, 2012.
94. Web site: Microsoft and Samsung Broaden Smartphone Partnership: Agreements mark new initiatives to promote Windows Phone and share intellectual property . Microsoft.com . September 28, 2011 . January 5, 2012.
95. http://blogs.technet.com/b/microsoft_on_the_issues/archive/2011/09/28/our-licensing-deal-with-samsung-how-ip-drives-innovation-and-collaboration.aspx Our Licensing Deal with Samsung: How IP Drives Innovation and Collaboration - Microsoft on the Issues - Site Home - TechNet Blogs
96. Web site: Florian Mueller . FOSS Patents: Samsung takes Android patent license from Microsoft rather than wait for Motorola . Fosspatents.blogspot.com . September 28, 2011 . January 5, 2012.
97. Web site: Apple Wins Injunction Blocking Sale of Galaxy Tab 10.1 in Australia . Mac Rumors . October 12, 2011 . January 5, 2012.
98. Microsoft and Quanta Computer Sign Patent Agreement Covering Android and Chrome-Based Devices - Redmond, Wash., Oct. 13, 2011 /PRNewswire/ . Washington . Prnewswire.com . January 5, 2012.
99. https://techcrunch.com/2011/10/13/microsoft-inks-another-android-patent-deal-this-time-with-quanta/ Microsoft Inks Another Android Patent Deal, This Time With Quanta | TechCrunch
100. News: Levine . Dan . U.S. judge says Samsung tablets infringe Apple patents . Reuters.com . October 13, 2011. January 5, 2012.
101. Web site: Apple files German lawsuit against Samsung, targets Galaxy S II, nine other smartphones. Engadget. 17 January 2012 .
102. News: Parnell. Brid-Aine. Samsung celebrates iPad 3 day by suing Apple AGAIN . theregister.co.uk. March 7, 2012 . July 30, 2012.
103. Whittaker, Zach, Kodak sues, tells Apple: 'get off our patents', CNet, cnet.com.au, June 20, 2012. Accessed July 30, 2012.
104. Web site: Apple sues Samsung over autocorrect patent. Dan. Graziano. February 10, 2012.
105. Web site: In bid for patent sanity, judge throws out entire Apple/Motorola case. Jon. Brodkin. June 23, 2012. Ars Technica.
106. Web site: Samsung Appeals Apple Injunction Against Galaxy Tab. June 28, 2012. PCWorld.
107. Web site: Report: Apple Wins Injunction Against Galaxy Nexus. June 29, 2012. PCWorld.
108. Web site: Samsung appeals Apple's injunction against Galaxy Nexus. Steven. Musil. CNET.
109. Web site: Google's Nexus 7 tablet infringes Nokia patents | TheINQUIRER. https://web.archive.org/web/20120703002147/http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2188489/googles-nexus-tablet-infringes-nokia-patents. dead. July 3, 2012. July 2, 2012. www.theinquirer.net.
110. Web site: UK High Court rules three Apple patents invalid, vindicates HTC. Aaron. Souppouris. July 4, 2012. The Verge.
111. Web site: And So It's Come To This: Samsung/Google Forced To Degrade Features In Patent Dispute. Jul 6th 2012 4:35pm-Mike Masnick. Fri. Techdirt.. 6 July 2012 .
112. Web site: ITU wants to bring smartphone makers to peace talks, hash out patent wars. Engadget. 6 July 2012 .
113. Web site: UK Judge says Galaxy Tab 'not as cool' as iPad, awards Samsung win in design suit. Engadget. 9 July 2012 .
114. News: EMG Technology sues Google over its Chrome mobile Web browser . Los Angeles Times . Salvador . Rodriguez . July 10, 2012.
115. Web site: Blackberry maker RIM ordered to pay $147 million in patent lawsuit. Public Radio International.
116. News: Elmer . Philip . Apple granted 'the mother of all smartphone software patents' - Apple 2.0 -Fortune Tech . Tech.fortune.cnn.com . 2012-07-18 . 2014-04-11.
117. Web site: Graziano . Dan . Apple wins 'mother of all smartphone software patents' – could spell trouble for Android - Yahoo News . News.yahoo.com . 2012-07-18 . 2014-04-11.
118. Web site: A UK Judge Is Forcing Apple To Publish On Its Website That Samsung Didn't Copy Apple. Seth. Fiegerman. Business Insider.
119. News: Apple Must Publish Notice Samsung Didn't Copy IPad in U.K. Bloomberg .
120. Web site: Apple Forced by UK to Print Public Apologies to Samsung for Design Theft Accusations . DailyTech . 2014-04-11 . 2014-01-10 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140110090127/http://www.dailytech.com/article.aspx?newsid=25208 . dead .
121. Web site: Motorola Android devices banned in Germany for infringing Microsoft's FAT patent. Jeff. Blagdon. July 27, 2012. The Verge.
122. Web site: Gorman . Michael . Breaking down Apple's $1 billion courtroom victory over Samsung . 25 August 2012 . Engadget.com . 2014-04-11.
123. Web site: Apple Awarded $1.049 Billion In Damages As Jury Finds Samsung Infringed On Design And Software Patents . TechCrunch . 2012-08-24 . 2014-04-11.
124. Web site: Apple emerges victorious in legal battle with Samsung; Jury awards damages of $1.05 billion . Networkworld.com . 2012-08-25 . 2014-04-11.
125. News: Samsung Wins a Patent Case Over Apple in Japan . The New York Times . Hiroko . Tabuchi . Hiroko Tabuchi . Nick . Wingfield . August 31, 2012.
126. Web site: Whitney . Lance . Appeals court nixes a Galaxy Nexus ban requested by Apple - CNET . News.cnet.com . 2014-03-13 . 2014-04-11.
127. News: Eisenhammer . Stephen . Apple loses tablet copyright appeal against Samsung . Reuters . October 18, 2012. 2014-04-11.
128. Web site: Oh Sure, Now The Patent Office Realizes Apple's 'Rubberbanding' Patent Is Both Obvious And Not New . Techdirt . 2012-10-23 . 2014-04-11.
129. Web site: Patent office tentatively invalidates Apple's rubber-banding patent used in Samsung trial. FOSS Patents. October 19, 2012.
130. News: Levine . Dan . U.S. judge tosses Apple vs. Google lawsuit over patents . Reuters . November 6, 2012. 2014-04-11.
131. News: Gustin . Sam . Patent Progress: What Apple and HTC's Landmark Pact Means for the Patent Wars | TIME.com . Business.time.com . 2012-11-12 . 2014-04-11.
132. Web site: Fitchard. Kevin. Samsung gets it from all sides.. GigaOM. November 27, 2012. November 29, 2012. November 28, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121128180549/http://gigaom.com/mobile/samsung-gets-it-from-all-sides-ericsson-files-patent-suit/. dead.
133. News: Preliminary Patent Office Ruling Invalidates Apple's 'Steve Jobs Patent' . . December 8, 2012 . Christina . Bonnington . December 7, 2012.
134. News: Brent Kendall . Apple Loses Patent Case to Licensing Firm . The Wall Street Journal . December 13, 2012 . December 13, 2012.
135. Web site: Scribd. Scribd.
136. Web site: Samsung Elec seeks U.S. sales ban on some Ericsson products . Hyunjoo Jin . Robert Birsel . Yahoo. December 26, 2012. 26 December 2012.
137. Web site: Apple vs. Samsung: Our Complete Patent Court Battle Timeline . 4 April 2014 . Digital Trends . 2014-04-11.
138. News: Google, Samsung, Huawei sued over Nortel patents. Dan Levine. Reuters. October 31, 2013.
139. Web site: Patent war goes nuclear: Microsoft, Apple-owned "Rockstar" sues Google. Joe Mullin. Ars Technica. November 1, 2013.
140. Web site: Google fights back against Rockstar patent group. Michelle Meyers. 26 December 2013. CNET.
141. News: Giving peace a chance: HTC, Nokia settle suits in patent deal. Roger Cheng. February 7, 2014. CNET. 28 June 2014.
142. Web site: Complaint. PacerMonitor. 21 December 2015.
143. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-microsoft-kyocera-lawsuit-idUSKBN0M303020150307 Microsoft sues Kyocera over cell phones, seeks U.S. injunction
144. Web site: Mann. Ronald. Opinion analysis: Justices tread narrow path in rejecting $400 million award for Samsung's infringement of Apple's cellphone design patents. SCOTUS Blog. 6 December 2016. 14 December 2016.
145. Web site: IWNCOMM v. Sony: Recent Development in FRAND Litigation in China.
146. Web site: Iwncomm v. Sony: first SEP-based injunction granted in China | Lexology. www.lexology.com. 2019-02-28. 2019-02-28. https://web.archive.org/web/20190228192400/https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=195043c8-52ba-4b52-a8c1-6b087490d523. dead.
147. Web site: No exhaustion doctrine for "method-of-use" patents – Iwncomm v. Sony decision in China . 2019-02-28 . 2019-02-28 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190228192243/https://trustinip.com/no-exhaustion-doctrine-for-method-of-use-patents-iwncomm-v-sony-decision-in-china/ . dead .
148. Web site: Samsung obtains U.S. antisuit injunction barring Huawei from enforcing two Chinese SEP injunctions. Eingestellt von Florian. Mueller.
149. Web site: Motion For Stay. CNET. 22 February 2019.