Mobile operating system explained

A mobile operating system is an operating system used for smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, smartglasses, or other non-laptop personal mobile computing devices. While computers such as typical/mobile laptops are "mobile", the operating systems used on them are usually not considered mobile, as they were originally designed for desktop computers that historically did not have or need specific mobile features. This "fine line" distinguishing mobile and other forms has become blurred in recent years, due to the fact that newer devices have become smaller and more mobile, unlike the hardware of the past. Key notabilities blurring this line are the introduction of tablet computers, light laptops, and the hybridization of the two in 2-in-1 PCs.

Mobile operating systems combine features of a desktop computer operating system with other features useful for mobile or handheld use, and usually including a wireless inbuilt modem and SIM tray for telephone and data connection. In Q1 2018, over 123 million smartphones were sold (the most ever recorded) with 60.2% running Android and 20.9% running iOS.[1] Sales in 2012 were 1.56 billion; sales in 2023 were 1.43 billion with 53.32% being Android. Android alone has more sales than the popular desktop operating system Microsoft Windows, and smartphone use (even without tablets) outnumbers desktop use.[2]

Mobile devices, with mobile communications abilities (for example, smartphones), contain two mobile operating systems. The main user-facing software platform is supplemented by a second low-level proprietary real-time operating system which operates the radio and other hardware. Research has shown that these low-level systems may contain a range of security vulnerabilities permitting malicious base stations to gain high levels of control over the mobile device.[3]

Mobile operating systems have had the most use of any operating system since 2017 (measured by web use).[4] Custom ROMs are an alternative to Android.

Timeline

See also: History of tablet computers. Mobile operating system milestones mirror the development of mobile phones, PDAs, and smartphones:

Pre-1990

1993–1999

2000s

2010s

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

Current software platforms

See also: Comparison of mobile operating systems, Comparison of smartphones, List of iPhone models and List of Windows phones.

These operating systems often run atop baseband or other real-time operating systems that handle hardware aspects of the phone.

Android

See main article: Android (operating system) and Android version history. Android (based on the modified Linux kernel) is a mobile operating system developed by Open Handset Alliance.[118] The base system is open-source (and only the kernel copyleft), but the apps and drivers which provide functionality are increasingly becoming closed-source.[119] Besides having the largest installed base worldwide on smartphones, it is also the most popular operating system for general purpose computers (a category that includes desktop computers and mobile devices), even though Android is not a popular operating system for regular (desktop) personal computers (PCs). Although the Android operating system is free and open-source software,[120] in devices sold, much of the software bundled with it (including Google apps and vendor-installed software) is proprietary software and closed-source.[121]

Android's releases before 2.0 (1.0, 1.5, 1.6) were used exclusively on mobile phones. Android 2.x releases were mostly used for mobile phones but also some tablets. Android 3.0 was a tablet-oriented release and does not officially run on mobile phones. Both phone and tablet compatibility were merged with Android 4.0. The current Android version is Android 14, released on October 4, 2023.

Android One

See main article: Android One. Android One, a successor to Google Nexus, is a software experience that runs on the unmodified Android operating system. Unlike most of the "stock" Androids running on the market, the Android One User Interface (UI) closely resembles the Google Pixel UI, due to Android One being a software experience developed by Google and distributed to partners such as Nokia Mobile (HMD) and Xiaomi. Thus, the UI is intended to be as clean as possible. Original equipment manufacturer (OEM) partners may tweak or add additional apps such as cameras to the firmware, but most of the apps are handled proprietarily by Google. Operating system updates are handled by Google and internally tested by OEMs before being distributed via an OTA update to end users.

Current Android One version list

BharOS

See main article: BharOS.

BharOS is a mobile operating system in India. It is an Indian government-funded project to develop a free and open-source operating system (OS) for use in government and public systems.

BlackBerry Secure

BlackBerry Secure is an operating system developed by BlackBerry, based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). BlackBerry officially announced the name for their Android-based front-end touch interface in August 2017, before which BlackBerry Secure was running on BlackBerry brand devices, such as BlackBerry Priv, DTEK 50/60 and BlackBerry KeyOne. Currently, BlackBerry plans to license out the BlackBerry Secure to other OEMs.

Current BlackBerry Secure version list

CalyxOS

CalyxOS is an operating system for smartphones based on Android with mostly free and open-source software. It is produced by the Calyx Institute as part of its mission to "defend online privacy, security and accessibility."

ColorOS

See main article: ColorOS. ColorOS is a custom front-end touch interface based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) and developed by OPPO Electronics Corp. In 2016, OPPO officially released ColorOS with every OPPO and Realme device and released an official ROM for the OnePlus One. Future Realme devices will have their own version of ColorOS.

Current ColorOS version list

CopperheadOS

CopperheadOS is a security-hardened version of Android.

DivestOS

DivestOS is a soft fork of LineageOS.[122] Includes Monthly Updates, FOSS Focus, Deblobbing, Security and Privacy focus, and F-Droid[123]

EMUI

See main article: EMUI. Huawei EMUI is the front-end touch interface developed by Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. and its sub-brand Honor which is based on Google's Android Open Source Project (AOSP). EMUI is preinstalled on most Huawei and Honor devices. While it was based on the open-source Android operating system, it consists of closed-source proprietary software. Since the US sanctions, it is currently a fork of Android similar to FireOS instead of a compatible one.

In mainland China, and internationally since 2020 due to U.S. sanctions, EMUI devices use Huawei Mobile Services such as Huawei AppGallery instead of Google Mobile Services. Aside from based on Android, Huawei also bundle the HarmonyOS microkernel in the latest EMUI update inside Android which handle other process including security authentication such as the fingerprint authentication.[124]

/e/

See main article: article and /e/ (operating system). /e/ is an operating system forked from the source code of LineageOS (based on Android). /e/ targets Android smart phone devices and uses MicroG as a replacement for Google Play Services.[125] /e/OS is not completely open source software, because it comes with the proprietary Magic Earth 'Maps' app.

Fire OS

Amazon Fire OS is a mobile operating system forked from Android and produced by Amazon for its Fire range of tablets, Echo and Echo Dot, and other content delivery devices like Fire TV (previously for their Fire Phone). Fire OS primarily centers on content consumption, with a customized user interface and heavy ties to content available from Amazon's own storefronts and services.

Current Fire OS version list

Flyme OS

Flyme OS is an operating system developed by Meizu Technology Co., Ltd., an open-source operating system based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). Flyme OS is mainly installed on Meizu smartphones such as the MX series. However, it also has official ROM support for a few Android devices.

Current Flyme OS version list

FuntouchOS

FuntouchOS is a custom user interface developed by Vivo that is based on the Android Open Source Project. FuntouchOS 10.5 had a redesigned UI that resembled stock Androids.

Current FuntouchOS version list

GrapheneOS

See main article: GrapheneOS. GrapheneOS is a variant of Android for Pixel hardware.

HiOS

See main article: HiOS. HiOS is an Android-based operating system developed by Hong Kong mobile phone manufacturer Tecno Mobile, a subsidiary of Transsion Holdings, exclusively for their smartphones. HiOS allows for a wide range of user customization without requiring rooting the mobile device. The operating system is also bundled with utility applications that allow users to free up memory, freeze applications, limit data accessibility to applications among others. HiOS comes with features like Launcher, Private Safe, Split Screen and Lockscreen Notification.

Current HiOS version list

HTC Sense

See main article: HTC Sense. HTC Sense is a software suite developed by HTC, used primarily on the company's Android-based devices. Serving as a successor to HTC's TouchFLO 3D software for Windows Mobile, Sense modifies many aspects of the Android user experience, incorporating added features (such as an altered home screen and keyboard), widgets, HTC-developed applications, and redesigned applications. The first device with Sense, the HTC Hero, was released in 2009.

iQOO UI

iQOO UI is a custom user interface that is based on Vivo's Funtouch OS, which itself is based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). The UI mostly resembles its predecessor, but with a customized UI on top of the Funtouch OS.

Current iQOO UI version list

Indus OS

See main article: Indus OS. Indus OS is a custom mobile operating system based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). It is developed by the Indus OS team based in India. No longer valid as of 2018, Indus OS is available on Micromax, Intex, Karbonn, and other Indian smartphone brands.

Current Indus OS version list

LG UX

See main article: LG UX. LG UX (formerly Optimus UI) is a front-end touch interface developed by LG Electronics and partners, featuring a full touch user interface. It is not an operating system. LG UX is used internally by LG for sophisticated feature phones and tablet computers, and is not available for licensing by external parties.

Optimus UI 2, based on Android 4.1.2, has been released on the Optimus K II and the Optimus Neo 3. It features a more refined user interface compared to the prior version based on Android 4.1.1, along with new functionalities such as voice shutter and quick memo.

Current LG UX version list

LineageOS

See main article: LineageOS. Lineage Android Distribution is a custom mobile operating system based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). It serves as the successor to the highly popular custom ROM, CyanogenMod, from which it was forked in December 2016 when Cyanogen Inc. announced it was discontinuing development and shut down the infrastructure behind the project. Since Cyanogen Inc. retained the rights to the Cyanogen name, the project rebranded its fork as LineageOS.

Similar to CyanogenMod, it does not include any proprietary apps unless the user installs them. It allows Android users who can no longer obtain update support from their manufacturer to continue updating their OS version to the latest one based on official release from Google AOSP and heavy theme customization.

MagicOS

"MagicOS" (formerly known as Magic UI and Magic Live) is a front-end touch interface developed by Honor as a subsidiary of Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd before Honor became an independent company.

Magic UI is based on Huawei EMUI, which is based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). The overall user interface looks almost identical to EMUI, even after the separation. While it was based on the open-source Android operating system, it consists of closed-source proprietary software.

Due to sanctions imposed by the US on Huawei, new devices released by both Huawei and Honor are no longer allowed to include Google Mobile Services. To allow Honor to regain access to Google services, Huawei sold off Honor to become an independent company, thereby allowing them to pre-install Google Mobile Services on their latest devices.

MIUI

See main article: MIUI. Mi User Interface (MIUI), developed by the Chinese electronic company Xiaomi, was a mobile operating system based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). MIUI was mostly founded in Xiaomi smartphones such as the Xiaomi (formerly Mi) and Redmi Series. However, it also had official ROM support for a few Android devices. Although MIUI was based on AOSP, which is open-source, it consisted of closed-source proprietary software. In October 2023 MIUI was replaced by Xiaomi HyperOS.[127]

MIUI for POCO

A specific version of MIUI developed for Xiaomi sub-brand (Currently an independence brand) POCO, the overall experience of the "skin" was similar to those of standard MIUI expect during the early release of MIUI for POCO where compared to standard MIUI it has an app drawer and allowed for 3rd party Android icon customization. Whereas the current MIUI for POCO shared all the common experience with those of standard MIUI, except the icon and the POCO Launcher instead of stock MIUI Launcher. In 2024 MIUI for POCO was replaced by Xiaomi HyperOS.

MyOS

MyOS (formerly called MiFavor) is a custom Android UI developed by ZTE for their flagship smartphones. MyOS is based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). This is a redesign from their previous custom Android UI, MiFavor.

Current MyOS version list

My UI

My UI (formerly called My UX) is a custom Android UI developed by Motorola for their devices. My UX used to look like the stock Android user experience up until My UI 3.x.

Current My UX version list

Nothing OS

Nothing OS is a custom Android UI developed by Nothing for their Nothing Phone (1). Nothing OS design interface are identical to the stock Android and Pixel UI experience, aside from their custom font and widget which is based on dot design.

Current Nothing OS version list

nubia UI

nubia UI is a custom Android UI developed by ZTE and nubia for their smartphones. nubia UI is based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP).

Current nubia UI version list

One UI

See main article: One UI. One UI (formerly called TouchWiz and Samsung Experience) is a front-end touch interface developed by Samsung Electronics in 2008 with partners, featuring a full touch user interface. It is not a true operating system, but a user experience. Samsung Experience is used internally by Samsung for smartphones, feature phones and tablet computers, and is not available for licensing by external parties. The Android version of Samsung Experience also came with Samsung-made apps preloaded until the Galaxy S6, which removed all Samsung pre-loaded apps except Samsung Galaxy Store (formerly Galaxy Apps) to save storage space due to the removal of its MicroSD. With the release of Samsung Galaxy S8 and S8+, Samsung Experience 8.1 was preinstalled on it with new functions, known as Samsung DeX. Similar to the concept of Microsoft Continuum, Samsung DeX allowed high-end Galaxy devices such as S8/S8+ or Note 8 to connect into a docking station, which extends the device to allow desktop-like functionality by connecting a keyboard, mouse, and monitor. Samsung also announced "Linux on Galaxy", which allows users to use the standard Linux distribution on the DeX platform.

Previous Samsung Android UI version list

Current One UI version list

Origin OS

Origin OS is a custom user interface developed by Vivo that is based on Android. It is a redesigned skin of Funtouch OS. It is currently only available in China but may someday be released globally.

Current Origin OS version list

OxygenOS

See main article: OxygenOS. OxygenOS is based on the open source Android Open Source Project (AOSP) and is developed by OnePlus to replace Cyanogen OS on OnePlus devices such as the OnePlus One. It is preinstalled on the OnePlus 2, OnePlus X, OnePlus 3, OnePlus 3T, OnePlus 5, OnePlus 5T, and OnePlus 6.[129] As stated by Oneplus, OxygenOS is focused on stabilizing and maintaining of stock Android functionalities like those found on Nexus devices. It consists of mainly Google apps and minor UI customization to maintain the sleekness of stock Android.

Current OxygenOS version list

Pixel UI (Pixel Launcher)

Google Pixel UI or Pixel Launcher is developed by Google and based on the open-source Android system. Unlike Nexus phones, where Google shipped with stock Android, the UI that came with first-generation Pixel phones was slightly modified. As part of the Google Pixel software, the Pixel UI and its home launcher are closed-source and proprietary, so it is only available on Pixel family devices. However, third-party mods allow non-Pixel smartphones to install Pixel Launcher with Google Now feed integration.

Current Google Pixel Launcher version list

realme UI

realme UI is a mobile operating system developed by Realme which is based on OPPO ColorOS, which itself is based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). The UI mostly resemble its predecessor, but with a custom UI on top of ColorOS to match Realme's target audience.

Current realme UI version list

realme UI R edition

realme UI R edition is a custom Android skin that Realme developed for their lower-end device line with "C" and Narzo series, the Android-based line of is based on Android Go, hence the overall experience is tune down to allowed for smoother experience on budget Realme devices.

Red Magic OS

Red Magic OS is a mobile operating system developed by ZTE and Nubia for their Red Magic devices.

Current Red Magic OS version list

Replicant OS

See main article: Replicant (operating system). Replicant is a custom mobile operating system based on the Android with all proprietary drivers and bloated closed-source software removed.

TCL UI

TCL UI is a custom user interface developed by TCL Technology for their in-house smartphone series. The OS is based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP).

Current TCL UI version list

VOS

VOS is a custom Android UI developed by BQ Aquaris and Vsmart.

Current VOS version list:

XOS

XOS (formerly known as XUI) is an Android-based operating system developed by Hong Kong mobile phone manufacturer Infinix Mobile, a subsidiary of Transsion Holdings, exclusively for their smartphones. XOS allows for a wide range of user customization without requiring rooting the mobile device. The operating system comes with utility applications that allow users to protect their privacy, improve speed, enhance their experience, etc. XOS comes with features like XTheme, Scan to Recharge, Split Screen and XManager.

Current XOS version list:

Xperia UI

Sony Xperia UI (formerly known as Sony Ericsson Timescape UI) was the front-end UI developed by Sony Mobile (formerly Sony Ericsson) in 2010 for their Android-based Sony Xperia series. Sony Xperia UI mostly consisted of Sony's own applications such as Sony Music (formerly known as Walkman Music player), Albums and Video Player. During its time as Timescape UI, the UI differed from the standard Android UIinstead of traditional apps dock on the bottom part, they were located at the four corners of the home screen, while the middle of the screen consisted of the widget. However, recent UI developments more closely resemble those of stock Android.

Current Xperia UI version list:

ZenUI

See main article: Asus Zen UI. ZenUI is a front-end touch interface developed by ASUS with partners, featuring a full touch user interface. ZenUI is used by ASUS for its Android phones and tablet computers, and is not available for licensing by external parties. ZenUI also comes preloaded with ASUS-made apps like ZenLink (PC Link, Share Link, Party Link & Remote Link).

Current ZenUI version list:

ZUI

ZUI is a custom operating system originally developed by Lenovo subsidiary ZUK Mobile for their smartphones. However, after the shutting down of ZUK Mobile, Lenovo took over as the main developer of ZUI. The operating system is based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP).

Current ZUI version list:

Wear OS

See main article: Wear OS. Wear OS (also known simply as Wear and formerly Android Wear) is a version of Google's Android operating system designed for smartwatches and other wearables. By pairing with mobile phones running Android version 6.0 or newer, or iOS version 10.0 or newer with limited support from Google's pairing application, Wear OS integrates Google Assistant technology and mobile notifications into a smartwatch form factor.

In May 2021 at Google I/O, Google announced a major update to the platform, internally known as Wear OS 3.0. It incorporates a new visual design inspired by Android 12, and Fitbit exercise tracking features. Google also announced a partnership with Samsung Electronics, who is collaborating with Google to unify its Tizen-based smartwatch platform with Wear OS, and has committed to using Wear OS on its future smartwatch products. The underlying codebase was also upgraded to Android 11. Wear OS 3.0 will be available to Wear OS devices running Qualcomm Snapdragon Wear 4100 system on chip, and will be an opt-in upgrade requiring a factory reset to install.

Current Wear OS version list:

One UI Watch

One UI Watch is the user interface Samsung developed for their Wear OS based smartwatch, officially announced after both Google and Samsung confirmed they would unify their respective wearable operating systems (Google Wear OS 2.0 and Samsung Tizen) into Wear OS 3.0.

Current One UI Watch version list:

ChromeOS

See main article: ChromeOS.

ChromeOS is an operating system designed by Google that is based on the Linux kernel and uses the Google Chrome web browser as its principal user interface. As a result, ChromeOS primarily supports web applications. Google announced the project in July 2009, conceiving it as an operating system in which both applications and user data reside in the cloud: hence ChromeOS primarily runs web applications.[130]

Due to increase of popularity with 2-in-1 PCs, most recent Chromebooks are introduced with touch screen capability, with Android applications starting to become available for the operating system in 2014. And in 2016, access to Android apps in the entire Google Play Store was introduced on supported ChromeOS devices. With the support of Android applications, there are Chromebook devices that are positioned as tablet based instead of notebooks.

ChromeOS is only available pre-installed on hardware from Google manufacturing partners. An open source equivalent, ChromiumOS, can be compiled from downloaded source code. Early on, Google provided design goals for ChromeOS, but has not otherwise released a technical description.

Sailfish OS

See main article: Sailfish OS. Sailfish OS is from Jolla. It is open source with GNU General Public License (GPL) for middleware stack core which comes from MER. Sailfish due to Jolla's business model and due to alliances with various partners and due to intentional design of OS internals, is capable to adopt in several layers third-party software including Jolla software e.g. Jolla's UI is proprietary software (closed source), so such components can be proprietary with many kinds of licences. However, user can replace them with open source components like e.g. NEMO UI instead Jolla's UI.

After Nokia abandoned in 2011 the MeeGo project, most of the MeeGo team left Nokia, and established Jolla as a company to use MeeGo and Mer business opportunities. The MER standard allows it to be launched on any hardware with kernel compatible with MER. In 2012, Linux Sailfish OS based on MeeGo and using middleware of MER core stack distribution was launched for public use. The first device, the Jolla smartphone, was unveiled on May 20, 2013. In 2015, Jolla Tablet was launched and the BRICS countries declared it an officially supported OS there. Jolla started licensing Sailfish OS 2.0 for third parties. Some devices sold are updateable to Sailfish 2.0 with no limits.

Nemo Mobile is a community-driven OS, similar to Sailfish but attempting to replace its proprietary components, such as the user interface.[131] [132]

SteamOS

See main article: SteamOS. SteamOS is a Linux distribution developed by Valve. It incorporates Valve's popular namesake Steam video game storefront and is the primary operating system for Steam Machines and the Steam Deck. SteamOS is open source with some closed source components.

SteamOS was originally built to support streaming of video games from one personal computer to the one running SteamOS within the same network, although the operating system can support standalone systems and was intended to be used as part of Valve's Steam Machine platform. SteamOS versions 1.0, released in December 2013, and 2.0 were based on the Debian distribution of Linux with GNOME desktop.[133] With SteamOS, Valve encouraged developers to incorporate Linux compatibility into their releases to better support Linux gaming options.

In February 2022, Valve released the handheld gaming computer Steam Deck running SteamOS 3.0. SteamOS 3 is based on the Arch Linux distribution with KDE Plasma 5.[134] [135]

Tizen

See main article: Tizen. Tizen (based on the Linux kernel) is a mobile operating system hosted by Linux Foundation, together with support from the Tizen Association, guided by a Technical Steering Group composed of Intel and Samsung.

Tizen is an operating system for devices including smartphones, tablets, In-Vehicle Infotainment (IVI) devices, however currently it mainly focuses on wearable and smart TVs. It is an open source system (however the SDK was closed-source and proprietary) that aims to offer a consistent user experience across devices. Tizen's main components are the Linux kernel and the WebKit runtime. According to Intel, Tizen "combines the best of LiMo and MeeGo." HTML5 apps are emphasized, with MeeGo encouraging its members to transition to Tizen, stating that the "future belongs to HTML5-based applications, outside of a relatively small percentage of apps, and we are firmly convinced that our investment needs to shift toward HTML5." Tizen will be targeted at a variety of platforms such as handsets, touch pc, smart TVs and in-vehicle entertainment.[136] [137] On May 17, 2013, Tizen released version 2.1, code-named Nectarine.[138]

While Tizen itself was open source, most of the UX and UI layer that was developed by Samsung was mainly closed-source and proprietary, such as the TouchWiz UI on the Samsung Z's series smartphone and One UI for their Galaxy Watch wearable lines.

Note that some refrigerators use Tizen,[139] even though they are not very mobile.

KaiOS

See main article: KaiOS. KaiOS is from Kai. It is based on Firefox OS/Boot to Gecko. Unlike most mobile operating systems which focus on smartphones, KaiOS was developed mainly for feature phones, giving these access to more advanced technologies usually found on smartphones, such as app stores and Wi-Fi/4G capabilities.[140]

It is a mix of closed-source and open-source components.[141] [142] FirefoxOS/B2G was released under the permissive MPL 2.0. It does not redistribute itself under the same license, so KaiOS is now presumably proprietary (but still mostly open-source, publishing its source code).[141] [142] KaiOS is not entirely proprietary, as it uses the copyleft GPL Linux kernel also used in Android.[143]

Smart Feature OS

Smart Feature OS is a custom version of KaiOS that was developed and solely used by HMD Global for their KaiOS line of Nokia feature phone, the main differences between stock KaiOS and Smart Feature OS is mainly on the atheistic such as the icon and some UI element, including custom Nokia ringtone and notification tone.

Fully open-source, entirely permissive licenses

Fuchsia

See main article: Fuchsia (operating system). Fuchsia is a capability-based, real-time operating system (RTOS) currently being developed by Google. It was first discovered as a mysterious code post on GitHub in August 2016, without any official announcement. In contrast to prior Google-developed operating systems such as ChromeOS and Android, which are based on Linux kernels, Fuchsia is based on a new microkernel called "Zircon", derived from "Little Kernel", a small operating system intended for embedded systems. This allows it to remove Linux and the copyleft GPL under which the Linux kernel is licensed; Fuchsia is licensed under the permissive BSD 3-clause, Apache 2.0, and MIT licenses. Upon inspection, media outlets noted that the code post on GitHub suggested Fuchsia's capability to run on universal devices, from embedded systems to smartphones, tablets and personal computers. In May 2017, Fuchsia was updated with a user interface, along with a developer writing that the project was not a for experimental, prompting media speculation about Google's intentions with the operating system, including the possibility of it replacing Android.[144]

LiteOS

See main article: LiteOS. LiteOS is a lightweight open source real-time operating system which is part of Huawei's "1+2+1" Internet of Things solution, which is similar to Google Android Things and Samsung Tizen. It is released under the permissive BSD 3-clause license. Huawei LiteOS features lightweight, low-power, fast-response, multi-sensor collaboration, multi-protocol interconnect connectivity, enabling IoT terminals to quickly access the network. Huawei LiteOS will make intelligent hardware development easier. Thereby accelerating the realization of the interconnection of all things. Currently LiteOS are introduce to the consumer market with the Huawei Watch GT series and their sub-brand Honor Magic Watch series.

OpenHarmony

See main article: OpenHarmony. OpenHarmony is an open-source version of HarmonyOS developed and donated by Huawei to the OpenAtom Foundation. It supports devices running a mini system with memory as small as 128 KB, or running a standard system with memory greater than 128 MB. The open source HarmonyOS is based on the Huawei LiteOS kernel and Linux kernel for standard systems. OpenHarmony LiteOS Cortex-A brings small-sized, low-power, and high-performance experience and builds a unified and open ecosystem for developers. In addition, it provides rich kernel mechanisms, more comprehensive Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), and a unified driver framework, Hardware Driver Foundation (HDF), which offers unified access for device developers and friendly development experience for application developers.

Fully open-source, mixed copyleft and permissive licenses

See also: List of open-source mobile phones.

Fedora Mobility

Fedora Mobility is under developing mobile operating system by the Fedora Project that are porting Fedora to run on portable devices such as phones and tablets.

LuneOS

See main article: LuneOS. LuneOS is a modern reimplementation of the Palm/HP webOS interface.

Manjaro ARM

Manjaro ARM is a mobile operating system with Plasma Mobile desktop environment that is running and default operating system on the PinePhone, an ARM-based smartphone released by Pine64.

Mobian

A mobile Debian focused for PinePhone and soon Librem.

Plasma mobile

See main article: Plasma Mobile. Plasma Mobile is a Plasma variant for smartphones.[145] Plasma Mobile runs on Wayland and it is compatible with Ubuntu Touch applications,[146] PureOS applications, and eventually Android applications[147] via KDE's Shashlik project also sponsored by Blue Systems,[148] [149] or Anbox. It is under the copyleft GPLv2 license.

The Necuno phone uses Plasma Mobile. It is entirely open-source and thus does not have a cellular modem, so it must make calls by VOIP, like a pocket computer.

postmarketOS

See main article: postmarketOS. postmarketOS is based on the Alpine Linux Linux distribution. It is intended to run on older phone hardware. it is in alpha.

PureOS

See main article: PureOS. PureOS is a Debian GNU/Linux derivative using only free software meeting the Debian Free Software Guidelines, mainly the copyleft GPL. PureOS is endorsed by Free Software Foundation as one of the freedom-respecting operating systems.[150] It is developed by Purism, and was already in use on Purism's laptops before it was used on the Librem 5 smartphone. Purism, in partnership with GNOME and KDE, aims to separate the CPU from the baseband processor and include hardware kill switches for the phone's Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, camera, microphone, and baseband processor, and provide both GNOME and KDE Plasma Mobile as options for the desktop environment.

Ubuntu Touch

See main article: Ubuntu Touch. Ubuntu Touch is an open-source (GPL) mobile version of the Ubuntu operating system[112] originally developed in 2013 by Canonical Ltd. and continued by the non-profit UBports Foundation in 2017.[151] [152] Ubuntu Touch can run on a pure GNU/Linux base on phones with the required drivers, such as the Librem 5 and the PinePhone.[153] To enable hardware that was originally shipped with Android, Ubuntu Touch makes use of the Android Linux kernel, using Android drivers and services via an LXC container, but does not use any of the Java-like code of Android.[154] [155] As of February 2022, Ubuntu Touch is available on 78 phones and tablets.[112] [156] The UBports Installer serves as an easy-to-use tool to allow inexperienced users to install the operating system on third-party devices without damaging their hardware.[112]

Closed source

iOS

See main article: iOS and iOS version history. iOS (formerly named iPhone OS) was created by Apple Inc. It has the second largest installed base worldwide on smartphones, but the largest profits, due to aggressive price competition between Android-based manufacturers.[157] It is closed-source and proprietary, and is built on the open source Darwin operating system. The iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad, and second and third-generation Apple TV all use iOS, which is derived from macOS.

Native third-party applications were not officially supported until the release of iPhone OS 2.0 on July 11, 2008. Before this, "jailbreaking" allowed third-party applications to be installed. In recent years, the jailbreaking scene has changed drastically due to Apple's continued efforts to secure their operating system and prevent unauthorized modifications. Currently, jailbreaks of recent iterations of iOS are only semi-untethered, which requires a device to be re-jailbroken at every boot, and exploits for jailbreaks are becoming increasingly hard to find and use.

Currently all iOS devices are developed by Apple and manufactured by Foxconn or another of Apple's partners.

iPadOS

See main article: iPadOS. iPadOS is a tablet operating system created and developed by Apple Inc. specifically for their iPad line of tablet computers. It was announced at the company's 2019 Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC), as a derivation from iOS but with a greater emphasis put on multitasking. It was released on September 24, 2019.

watchOS

See main article: watchOS. watchOS is the operating system of the Apple Watch, developed by Apple Inc. It is based on the iOS operating system and has many similar features. It was released on April 24, 2015, along with the Apple Watch, the only device that runs watchOS. It is currently the most widely used wearable operating system. Its features focus on convenience, such as being able to place phone calls and send texts, and health, such as fitness and heart rate tracking.

The most current version of the watchOS operating system is watchOS 8.

Kindle firmware

See main article: Amazon Kindle. Kindle firmware is a mobile operating system specifically designed for Amazon Kindle e-readers. It is based on a custom Linux kernel, however. It is entirely closed-source and proprietary.

HarmonyOS

See main article: HarmonyOS. HarmonyOS is a distributed operating system developed by Huawei that was specifically designed for smartphones, tablets, TVs, smartwatches, smart devices of Huawei brand and its ecosystem. It is based on a proprietary multi-kernel and Linux kernel subsystem. Released officially for smartphones on June 2, 2021, from its initial launch on August 9, 2019, for smart screen TVs. On August 4, 2023, Huawei announces its full stack HarmonyOS NEXT for HarmonyOS that will replace current multi-kernel stack that contains Linux kernel subsystem with APK apps, with only native HarmonyOS apps based on full OpenHarmony source code and user mode. On January 18, 2024, Galaxy Edition version was announced to be used for the next version of HarmonyOS.

Nintendo Switch system software

The Nintendo Switch system software (also known by its codename Horizon) is an updatable firmware and operating system used by the Nintendo Switch hybrid video game console/tablet and Nintendo Switch Lite handheld game console. It is based on a proprietary microkernel. The UI includes a HOME screen, consisting of the top bar, the screenshot viewer ("Album"), and shortcuts to the Nintendo eShop, News, and Settings.

The system itself is based on the Nintendo 3DS system software, additionally the networking stack in the Switch OS is derived at least in part from FreeBSD code while the Stagefright multimedia framework is derived from Android code.

PlayStation Vita system software

The PlayStation Vita system software is the official firmware and operating system for the PlayStation Vita and PlayStation TV video game consoles. It uses the LiveArea as its graphical shell. The PlayStation Vita system software has one optional add-on component, the PlayStation Mobile Runtime Package. The system is built on a Unix-base which is derived from FreeBSD and NetBSD. Due to it capabilities on browsing the internet and multimedia capabilities, it is treat as an gaming tablet or tablet replacement by community and reviewer/publisher.[158]

Windows 10

See main article: Windows 10.

Windows 10 (not to be confused with Windows 10 Mobile—see below) is a personal computer operating system developed and released by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems. It was released on July 29, 2015, and many editions and versions have been released since then. Just like its predecessors, it was designed to run across multiple Microsoft product such as PCs and Tablets. The Windows user interface was revised to handle transitions between a mouse-oriented interface and a touchscreen-optimized interface based on available input devices‍—‌particularly on 2-in-1 PCs.

Windows 10 also introduces the universal apps, expanding on Metro-style apps, these apps can be designed to run across multiple Microsoft product families with nearly identical code‍—‌including PCs, tablets, smartphones, embedded systems, Xbox One, Surface Hub and Mixed Reality.

Windows 11

See main article: Windows 11.

Windows 11 is a major version of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft that was announced on June 24, 2021, and is the successor to Windows 10, which was released in 2015. Windows 11 was released on October 5, 2021, as a free upgrade via Windows Update for eligible devices running Windows 10.

Microsoft promoted that Windows 11 would have improved performance and ease of use over Windows 10; it features major changes to the Windows shell influenced by the canceled Windows 10X, including a redesigned Start menu, the replacement of its "live tiles" with a separate "Widgets" panel on the taskbar, the ability to create tiled sets of windows that can be minimized and restored from the taskbar as a group, and new gaming technologies inherited from Xbox Series X and Series S such as Auto HDR and DirectStorage on compatible hardware. Internet Explorer is fully replaced by the Blink layout engine-based Microsoft Edge, while Microsoft Teams is integrated into the Windows shell. Microsoft also announced plans to offer support for Android apps to run on Windows 11, with support for Amazon Appstore and manually-installed packages. On March 5, 2024, Microsoft announced that Android apps support will be depreciated on March 5, 2025.

Similar to Windows 10, it was designed to run across multiple Microsoft product such as PCs and Tablets. The Windows user interface was further revised to combine the UI element of both mouse-oriented interface and a touchscreen-optimized interface based into a hybrid UI that combined touch and traditional desktop UI.

Minor proprietary operating systems

Other than the major mobile operating systems from the major tech companies, some companies such as Huami (Amazfit), Huawei, realme, TCL, and Xiaomi have developed their own proprietary RTOSes specifically for their own smartbands and smartwatches that are designed to be power efficient and low battery consumption and are not based on Android or Linux Kernel.

Operating System that is primarily designed for their Bip series, however, Huami is currently developing the operating system to run on other company smartwatches as well.(Not to be confused with the Android-based Amazfit OS as both of them sharing the name yet both are based on different operating system, for their Android-based Amazfit OS, kindly refer to the Android section)

Huawei Band Operating system is an operating system specifically designed and developed by Huawei for their fitness tracker, including smartband series from Honor.(Not to be confused with another RTOS (LiteOS) which was also developed by Huawei.)

Proprietary OS develop by Lenovo for their fitness tracker and smartwatch.

A proprietary operating system design to run on realme smartband and smartwatch.

A proprietary RTOS powering TCL and Alcatel brand smartband and smartwatch.

Proprietary RTOS that is develop by Huami for Xiaomi Mi Band series.(Not to be confused with Xiaomi MIUI for smartwatch which is based on Wear OS)

Discontinued software platforms

Open source

CyanogenMod

See main article: CyanogenMod. CyanogenMod was a custom mobile operating system based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). It was a custom ROM that was co-developed by the CyanogenMod community. The OS did not include any proprietary apps unless the user installed them. Due to its open source nature, CyanogenMod allowed Android users who could no longer obtain update support from their manufacturer to continue updating their OS version to the latest one based on official releases from Google AOSP and heavy theme customization. The last version of the OS was CyanogenMod 13 which was based on Android Asus.

On December 24, 2016, CyanogenMod announced on their blog that they would no longer be releasing any CyanogenMod updates. All development moved to LineageOS.

Cyanogen OS

Cyanogen OS was based on CyanogenMod and maintained by Cyanogen Inc; however, it included proprietary apps and it was only available for commercial uses.

Firefox OS

See also: Comparison of Firefox OS devices. Firefox OS (formerly known as "Boot to Gecko" and shortly "B2G")[159] is from Mozilla. It was an open source mobile operating system released under the Mozilla Public License built on the Android Linux kernel and used Android drivers, but did not use any Java-like code of Android.

According to Ars Technica, "Mozilla says that B2G is motivated by a desire to demonstrate that the standards-based open Web has the potential to be a competitive alternative to the existing single-vendor application development stacks offered by the dominant mobile operating systems."[160] In September 2016, Mozilla announced that work on Firefox OS has ceased, and all B2G-related code would be removed from mozilla-central.[161]

MeeGo/Maemo/Moblin

See main article: MeeGo, Maemo and Moblin.

MeeGo was from non-profit organization The Linux Foundation. It is open source and GPL. At the 2010 Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, Nokia and Intel both unveiled MeeGo, a mobile operating system that combined Moblin and Maemo to create an open-sourced experience for users across all devices. In 2011 Nokia announced that it would no longer pursue MeeGo in favor of Windows Phone. Nokia announced the Nokia N9 on June 21, 2011, at the Nokia Connection event[162] in Singapore. LG announced its support for the platform.[163] Maemo was a platform developed by Nokia for smartphones and Internet tablets. It is open source and GPL, based on Debian GNU/Linux and draws much of its graphical user interface (GUI), frameworks, and libraries from the GNOME project. It uses the Matchbox window manager and the GTK-based Hildon as its GUI and application framework.

webOS

See main article: webOS. webOS was developed by Palm. webOS is an open source mobile operating system running on the Linux kernel, initially developed by Palm, which launched with the Palm Pre. After being acquired by HP, two phones (the Veer and the Pre 3) and a tablet (the TouchPad) running webOS were introduced in 2011. On August 18, 2011, HP announced that webOS hardware would be discontinued,[164] but would continue to support and update webOS software and develop the webOS ecosystem.[165] HP released webOS as open source under the name Open webOS, and plans to update it with additional features.[166] On February 25, 2013, HP announced the sale of webOS to LG Electronics, who used the operating system for its "smart" or Internet-connected TVs. However, HP retained patents underlying WebOS and cloud-based services such as the App Catalog.

Closed source

Bada

See main article: Bada. Bada platform (stylized as bada; Korean: 바다) was an operating system for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. It was developed by Samsung Electronics. Its name is derived from "바다 (bada)", meaning "ocean" or "sea" in Korean. It ranges from mid- to high-end smartphones. To foster adoption of Bada OS, since 2011 Samsung reportedly has considered releasing the source code under an open-source license, and expanding device support to include Smart TVs. Samsung announced in June 2012 intentions to merge Bada into the Tizen project, but would meanwhile use its own Bada operating system, in parallel with Google Android OS and Microsoft Windows Phone, for its smartphones. All Bada-powered devices are branded under the Wave name, but not all of Samsung's Android-powered devices are branded under the name Galaxy.On February 25, 2013, Samsung announced that it will stop developing Bada, moving development to Tizen instead. Bug reporting was finally terminated in April 2014.[167]

BlackBerry OS

In 1999, Research In Motion released its first BlackBerry devices, providing secure real-time push-email communications on wireless devices. Services such as BlackBerry Messenger provide the integration of all communications into a single inbox. In September 2012, RIM announced that the 200 millionth BlackBerry smartphone was shipped. As of September 2014, there were around 46 million active BlackBerry service subscribers.[168] In the early 2010s, RIM underwent a platform transition, changing its company name to BlackBerry Limited and making new devices using a new operating system named "BlackBerry 10".[169]

BlackBerry 10

See main article: BlackBerry 10. BlackBerry 10 (based on the QNX OS) is from BlackBerry. As a smartphone OS, it is closed-source and proprietary, and only runs on phones and tablets manufactured by BlackBerry.

One of the dominant platforms in the world in the late 2000s, its global market share was reduced significantly by the mid-2010s. In late 2016, BlackBerry announced that it will continue to support the OS, with a promise to release 10.3.3.[170] [171] Therefore, BlackBerry 10 would not receive any major updates as BlackBerry and its partners would focus more on their Android base development.[172]

Nintendo 3DS system software

The Nintendo 3DS system software is the updatable operating system used by the Nintendo 3DS.

Symbian

See main article: Symbian. Symbian platform was developed by Nokia for some models of smartphones. It is proprietary software, it was however used by Ericsson (SonyEricsson), Sending and Benq. The operating system was discontinued in 2012, although a slimmed-down version for basic phones was still developed until July 2014. Microsoft officially shelved the platform in favor of Windows Phone after its acquisition of Nokia.[173]

Palm OS

See main article: Palm OS. Palm OS/Garnet OS was from Access Co. It is closed-source and proprietary. webOS was introduced by Palm in January 2009, as the successor to Palm OS with Web 2.0 technologies, open architecture and multitasking abilities.

Microsoft

Windows Mobile

See main article: Windows Mobile. Windows Mobile was a family of proprietary operating systems from Microsoft aimed at business and enterprise users, based on Windows CE and originally developed for Pocket PC (PDA) devices. In 2010 it was replaced with the consumer-focused Windows Phone.[118] [55]

Versions of Windows Mobile came in multiple editions, like "Pocket PC Premium", "Pocket PC Professional", "Pocket PC Phone", and "Smartphone" (Windows Mobile 2003) or "Professional", "Standard", and "Classic" (Windows Mobile 6.0). Some editions were touchscreen-only and some were keyboard-only, although there were cases where device vendors managed to graft support for one onto an edition targeted at the other. Cellular phone features were also only supported by some editions. Microsoft started work on a version of Windows Mobile that would combine all features together, but it was aborted, and instead they focused on developing the non-backward-compatible, touchscreen-only Windows Phone 7.[76]

Windows Phone

See main article: Windows Phone. Windows Phone is a proprietary mobile operating system developed by Microsoft for smartphones as the replacement successor to Windows Mobile and Zune. Windows Phone features a new touchscreen-oriented user interface derived from Metro design language. Windows Phone was replaced by Windows 10 Mobile in 2015.

Windows 10 Mobile

See main article: Windows 10 Mobile. Windows 10 Mobile (formerly called Windows Phone) was from Microsoft. It was closed-source and proprietary.

Unveiled on February 15, 2010, Windows Phone included a user interface inspired by Microsoft's Metro Design Language. It was integrated with Microsoft services such as OneDrive and Office, Xbox Music, Xbox Video, Xbox Live games, and Bing, but also integrated with many other non-Microsoft services such as Facebook and Google accounts. Windows Phone devices were made primarily by Microsoft Mobile/Nokia, and also by HTC and Samsung.

On January 21, 2015, Microsoft announced that the Windows Phone brand would be phased out and replaced with Windows 10 Mobile, bringing tighter integration and unification with its PC counterpart Windows 10, and providing a platform for smartphones and tablets with screen sizes under 8 inches.

On October 8, 2017, Microsoft officially announced that they would no longer push any major updates to Windows 10 Mobile. The operating system was put in maintenance mode, where Microsoft would push bug fixes and general improvements only. Windows 10 Mobile would not receive any new feature updates.[113] [114]

On January 18, 2019, Microsoft announced that support for Windows 10 Mobile would end on December 10, 2019, with no further security updates released after then, and that Windows 10 Mobile users should migrate to iOS or Android phones.[116] [117]

The released version of Windows 10 Mobile were:

Windows 8

See main article: Windows 8. Windows 8 is a major release of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft. It was released to manufacturing on August 1, 2012, and was made available for download via MSDN and TechNet on August 15, 2012.[174] Nearly three months after its initial release, it finally made its first retail appearance on October 26, 2012.[175]

Windows 8 introduced major changes to the operating system's platform and user interface with the intention to improve its user experience on tablets, where Windows competed with mobile operating systems such as Android and iOS.[176] In particular, these changes included a touch-optimized Windows shell and start screen based on Microsoft's Metro design language, integration with online services, the Windows Store, and a new keyboard shortcut for screenshots.[177] Many of these features were adapted from Windows Phone. Windows 8 also added support for USB 3.0, Advanced Format, near-field communication, and cloud computing, as well as a new lock screen with clock and notifications and the previously released "Domino" and "Beauty and a Beat". Additional security features—including built-in antivirus software, integration with Microsoft SmartScreen phishing filtering, and support for Secure Boot on supported devices—were introduced. It was the first Windows version to support ARM architecture under the Windows RT branding. No CPUs without PAE, SSE2 and NX are supported in this version.

=Windows 8.1

=

See main article: Windows 8.1. Windows 8.1 is a release of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft. It was released to manufacturing on August 27, 2013, and broadly released for retail sale on October 17, 2013, about a year after the retail release of its predecessor, and succeeded by Windows 10 on July 29, 2015. Windows 8.1 was made available for download via MSDN and Technet and available as a free upgrade for retail copies of Windows 8 and Windows RT users via the Windows Store. A server version, Windows Server 2012 R2, was released on October 18, 2013.

Windows 8.1 aimed to address complaints of Windows 8 users and reviewers on launch. Enhancements include an improved Start screen, additional snap views, additional bundled apps, tighter OneDrive (formerly SkyDrive) integration, Internet Explorer 11 (IE11), a Bing-powered unified search system, restoration of a visible Start button on the taskbar, and the ability to restore the previous behavior of opening the user's desktop on login instead of the Start screen.

Market share

Usage

In 2006, Android and iOS did not exist and only 64 million smartphones were sold.[178] In 2018 Q1, 183.5 million smartphones were sold and global market share was 48.9% for Android and 19.1% for iOS. Only 131,000 smartphones running other operating systems were sold, constituting 0.03% of sales.[179]

According to StatCounter web use statistics (a proxy for all use), smartphones (alone without tablets) have majority use globally, with desktop computers used much less (and Android, in particular, more popular than Windows).[180] Use varies however by continent with smartphones way more popular in the biggest continents, i.e. Asia, and the desktop still more popular in some, though not in North America.

The desktop is still popular in many countries (while overall down to 44.9% in the first quarter of 2017[181]), smartphones are more popular even in many developed countries (or about to be in more). A few countries on any continent are desktop-minority; European countries (and some in South America, and a few, e.g. Haiti, in North America; and most in Asia and Africa) are smartphone-majority, Poland and Turkey highest with 57.68% and 62.33%, respectively. In Ireland, smartphone use at 45.55% outnumbers desktop use and mobile as a whole gains majority when including the tablet share at 9.12%.[182] [181] Spain is also slightly desktop-minority.

The range of measured mobile web use varies a lot by country, and a StatCounter press release recognizes "India amongst world leaders in use of mobile to surf the internet"[183] (of the big countries) where the share is around (or over) 80%[184] and desktop is at 19.56%, with Russia trailing with 17.8% mobile use (and desktop the rest).

Smartphones (alone, without tablets), first gained majority in December 2016 (desktop-majority was lost the month before), and it was not a Christmas-time fluke, as while close to majority after smartphone majority happened again in March 2017.[181]

In the week from November 7–13, 2016, smartphones alone (without tablets) overtook desktop, for the first time (for a short period; non-full-month).[185] Mobile-majority applies to countries such as Paraguay in South America, Poland in Europe and Turkey; and most of Asia and Africa. Some of the world is still desktop-majority, with e.g. in the United States at 54.89% (but no not on all days).[186] However, in some territories of the United States, such as Puerto Rico,[187] desktop is way under majority, with Windows under 30% overtaken by Android.

On October 22, 2016 (and subsequent weekends), mobile showed majority.[188] Since October 27, the desktop has not shown majority, not even on weekdays. Smartphones alone have showed majority since December 23 to the end of the year, with the share topping at 58.22% on Christmas Day.[189] To the "mobile"-majority share then of smartphones, tablets could be added giving a 63.22% majority. While an unusually high top, a similarly high also happened on Monday April 17, 2017, with then only smartphones share slightly lower and tablet share slightly higher, with them combined at 62.88%.

, the world has turned desktop-minority;[190] at about 49% desktop use for the previous month, but mobile was not ranked higher, tablet share had to be added to it to exceed desktop share. By now, mobile (smartphones) have full majority, outnumbering desktop/laptop computers by a safe margin (and no longer counting tablets with desktops makes them most popular).

By operating system

Notes:

  1. Windows includes all versions.
  2. BlackBerry includes all versions.
  3. Other includes all other smartphone OSes but not feature phone OSes.
Gartner: Worldwide smartphone sales (thousands of units)! Quarter !! Android !! iOS!BharOS!!Windows! BlackBerry !! Symbian !! Other !! Total smartphones !! Total phones
2019 Q3[191] 327,21638,5222,170–––956367,908n/a
2018 Q1329,31354,05823,000[192] –––131383,503n/a
2017 Q4–––n/a
2017 Q3–––n/a
2017 Q2[193] 321,18844,314–––733366,234n/a
2017 Q1[194] 327,16451,993–––821379,977n/a
2016 Q4[195] 352,67077,0391,092208–530431,539n/a
2016 Q3[196] 327,67443,0001,484378–756373,292n/a
2016 Q2[197] 296,91244,3951,971400–681344,359n/a
2016 Q1[198] 293,77151,6302,400660–791349,251n/a
2015 Q4[199] 325,394 71,5264,395 907 – 887 403,109 n/a
2015 Q3[200] 298,797 46,0625,874 977 – 1,133 352,844 477,898
2015 Q2[201] 271,010 48,0868,198 1,153 – 1,229 329,676 445,758
2015 Q1[202] 265,012 60,1778,271 1,325 – 1,268 336,054 457,273
2014 Q4[203] 279,058 74,83210,425 1,734 – 1,286 367,334 460,261
2014 Q3[204] 254,354 38,1879,033 2,420 – 1,310 305,384 461,064
2014 Q2 243,484 35,3458,095 2,044 – 2,044 290,384 444,190
2014 Q1 227,549 43,0627,580 1,714 – 1,371 281,637 448,966
2013 Q4[205] 219,613 50,2248,534 1,807 – 1,994 282,171 490,342
2013 Q3[206] 205,023 30,3308,912 4,401 458 1108 250,232 455,642
2013 Q2[207] 177,898 31,9007,408 6,180 631 1310 225,326 435,158
2013 Q1[208] 156,186 38,3325,989 6,219 1,349 1971 210,046 425,822
2012 Q4[209] 144,720 43,4576,186 7,333 2,569 3397 207,662 472,076
2012 Q3[210] 122,480 23,5504,058 8,947 4,405 5739 169,179 427,730
2012 Q2[211] 98,529 28,9354,087 7,991 9,072 5072 153,686 419,008
2012 Q1[212] 81,067 33,1212,713 9,939 12,467 5085 144,392 419,108
2011 Q4[213] 75,906 35,4562,759 13,185 17,458 4278 149,042 476,555
2011 Q3[214] 60,490 17,2951,702 12,701 19,500 3497 115,185 440,502
2011 Q2[215] 46,776 19,6291,724 12,652 23,853 3107 107,740 428,661
2011 Q1[216] 36,350 16,8832,582 13,004 27,599 3357 99,775 427,846
2010 Q4 30,801 16,0113,419 14,762 32,642 3515 101,150 452,037
2010 Q3 20,544 13,4842,204 12,508 29,480 2912 81,133 417,086
2010 Q2 10,653 8,7433,059 11,629 25,387 2588 62,058 367,987
2010 Q1 5,227 8,3603,696 10,753 24,068 2,403 54,506 359,605
2009 Q4[217] 4,043 8,6764,203 10,508 23,857 2,517 53,804 347,103
2009 Q3[218] 1,425 7,0403,260 8,523 18,315 2,531 41,093 308,895
2009 Q2[219] 756 5,3253,830 7,782 20,881 2,398 40,972 286,122
2009 Q1[220] 575 3,8483,739 7,534 17,825 2,986 36,507 269,120
2008 Q4[221] 639 4,0794,714 7,443 17,949 3,319 38,143 314,708
2008 Q3[222] – 4,7204,053 5,800 18,179 3,763 36,515 308,532
2008 Q2[223] – 8933,874 5,594 18,405 3,456 32,221 304,722
2008 Q1 – 1,7263,858 4,312 18,400 4,113 32,408 294,283
2007 Q4 – 1,9284,374 4,025 22,903 3,536 36,766 330,055
2007 Q3 – 1,1044,180 3,192 20,664 3,612 32,752 291,142
2007 Q2 – 2703,212 2,471 18,273 3,628 27,855 272,604
2007 Q1 – –2,931 2,080 15,844 4,087 24,943 259,039
IDC: Worldwide smartphone shipments (millions of units)! Quarter !! Android !! iOS !! Windows !! BlackBerry !! Symbian !! Other !! Total
2017 Q1[224] 292.7 50.6 0.34 –– 0.34 344.3
2016 Q4318.3 71.2 0.78 –– 0.78 391.0
2016 Q3[225] 315.3 45.4 0.9 –– 1.6 363.2
2016 Q2 302.7 40.4 1.4 –– 1.0 345.5
2016 Q1 291.3 53.8 2.79 –– 1.40 349.3
2015 Q4 291.7 68.5 4.40 –– 1.83 366.4
2015 Q3[226] 329.04 46.70 14.67 –– 3.94 394.35
2015 Q2[227] 282.76 47.3 8.8 1.02 – 1.37 341.5
2015 Q1[228] 260.8 61.2 9.03 1.00 – 2.34 334.4
2014 Q4[229] 289.1 74.5 10.70 1.40 – 1.80 377.5
2014 Q3[230] 283.0 39.2 9.72 1.68 – 2.00 335.0
2014 Q2[231] 255.3 35.2 7.4 1.5 – 1.9 301.3
2014 Q1[232] 234.1 43.8 7.2 1.4 – 2.0 288.3
2013 Q4[233] 226.1 51.0 8.8 1.7 – 2.0 289.6
2013 Q3[234] 211.6 33.8 9.5 4.5 – 1.7 261.1
2013 Q2[235] 187.4 31.2 8.7 6.8 0.5 1.8 236.4
2013 Q1[236] 162.1 37.4 7.0 6.3 1.2 2.2 216.2
2012 Q4[237] 159.8 47.8 6.0 7.4 2.7 4.1 227.8
2012 Q3[238] 136.0 26.9 3.6 7.7 4.1 2.8 181.1
2012 Q2[239] 104.8 26.0 5.4 7.4 6.8 3.6 154.0
2012 Q1[240] 89.9 35.1 3.3 9.7 10.4 3.9 152.3
2011 Q4 83.4 36.3 2.4 12.8 18.3 4.6 157.8
2011 Q3 67.7 16.3 1.4 11.3 17.3 4.0 118.1
2011 Q2 50.8 20.4 2.5 12.5 18.3 3.9 108.4
2011 Q1 36.7 18.6 2.6 13.8 26.4 3.5 101.6

External links

Notes and References

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  2. Web site: Operating System Market Share Worldwide . 2023-03-31 . StatCounter Global Stats . en.
  3. Web site: Holwerda . Thom . The second operating system hiding in every mobile phone . . November 12, 2013 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20131113173925/http://www.osnews.com/story/27416/The_second_operating_system_hiding_in_every_mobile_phone . November 13, 2013.
  4. TechFoogle, June 30, 2019, Top 10 Mobile Operating System
  5. Book: 0-14-025731-4 . . 1994 . Penguin Books . New York . Startup: a Silicon Valley adventure.
  6. Web site: Enter the Phablet: A History of Phone-Tablet Hybrids . PCmag . February 13, 2012 . Segan . Sasha . September 6, 2019 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170411120557/http://www.pcmag.com/slideshow/story/294004/enter-the-phablet-a-history-of-phone-tablet-hybrids . April 11, 2017.
  7. Web site: Pen Computing Magazine: Magic Cap/DataRover Resource. www.pencomputing.com.
  8. First Smartphone Turns 20: Fun Facts About Simon . Aamoth . Doug . . August 18, 2014 . August 18, 2019.
  9. . First GSM-based communicator product hits the market Nokia Starts Sales of the Nokia 9000 Communicator . Nokia . August 15, 1996 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160603191142/http://company.nokia.com/en/news/press-releases/1996/08/15/first-gsm-based-communicator-product-hits-the-market-nokia-starts-sales-of-the-nokia-9000-communicator . June 3, 2016 . dead . January 10, 2019.
  10. Web site: . Nokia 9000 Communicator Device Specs . PhoneDB . October 13, 2007 . January 10, 2019.
  11. News: The History of Psion . Steve . Litchfield . 1998 . 2005 . UK Online . Palmtop Magazine . December 27, 2008.
  12. . The Nokia 9210 Communicator heralds the dawn of mobile multimedia . Nokia . November 21, 2000 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131212112345/http://press.nokia.com/2000/11/21/the-nokia-9210-communicator-heralds-the-dawn-of-mobile-multimedia/ . December 12, 2013 . dead . January 10, 2019.
  13. . Qualcomm Unveils "pdQ" CDMA Digital Smartphone . September 21, 1998 . Qualcomm . en . June 13, 2019.
  14. . Qualcomm's pdQ Smartphone Provides Ideal Platform For Wireless Business Solutions . . June 15, 1999 . September 29, 2019.
  15. Web site: . Qualcomm pdQ 800 Device Specs . PhoneDB . February 28, 2008 . September 29, 2019.
  16. Web site: . Qualcomm pdQ 1900 Device Specs . PhoneDB . February 28, 2008 . September 29, 2019.
  17. Web site: Nokia unveils new media phones for mobile internet access First WAP 1.1 compliant phones for Americas market . www.mobic.com . September 26, 2019.
  18. Nokia unveils the world's first media phone for Internet access . February 23, 1999 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20010827093408/http://press.nokia.com/PR/199902/777256_5.html . August 27, 2001 . September 26, 2019.
  19. Web site: Ericsson R380 PDA & Phone . CellularOnline . April 27, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030000/http://www.cellular.co.za/ericsson_r380.htm . March 4, 2016 . dead.
  20. Web site: . Ericsson R380 / R380s Device Specs . PhoneDB . January 25, 2008 . September 29, 2019.
  21. Web site: . Nokia 9210 Communicator Device Specs . PhoneDB . October 16, 2007 . September 28, 2019.
  22. Encyclopedia: . Wikipedia . "Developed in 1999, as a platform for wireless applications on CDMA-based mobile phones, it debuted in September 2001 ... Originally made for the Kyocera QCP-3035 (which was the very first Brew-enabled phone)".
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