Small Cajal body specific RNA 15 explained
Small Cajal body specific RNA 15 (also known as SCARNA15 or ACA45) is a small nucleolar RNA found in Cajal bodies and believed to be involved in the pseudouridylation (isomerisation of uridine to pseudouridine) of U1 spliceosomal RNA.
scaRNAs are a specific class of small nucleolar RNAs that localise to the Cajal bodies and guide the modification of RNA polymerase II transcribed spliceosomal RNAs U1, U2, U4, U5 and U12.[1]
ACA45 belongs to the H/ACA box class of guide RNAs as it has the predicted hairpin-hinge-hairpin-tail structure, the conserved H/ACA-box motifs and is found associated with GAR1.[2] ACA45 is predicted to guide the pseudouridylation of residue U37 of the U2 spliceosomal snRNA.[3]
It has been shown that human ACA45 can be processed into a 21 nucleotides long mature miRNA by the RNAse III family endoribonuclease dicer.[4] This snoRNA product has previously been identified as mmu-miR-1839[5] and was shown to be processed independent of the other miRNA generating endoribonuclease drosha.[6]
Notes and References
- Darzacq X, Jády BE, Verheggen C, Kiss AM, Bertrand E, Kiss T . Cajal body-specific small nuclear RNAs: a novel class of 2'-O-methylation and pseudouridylation guide RNAs . The EMBO Journal . 21 . 11 . 2746–56 . June 2002 . 12032087 . 126017 . 10.1093/emboj/21.11.2746 .
- Kiss AM, Jády BE, Bertrand E, Kiss T . Human box H/ACA pseudouridylation guide RNA machinery . Molecular and Cellular Biology . 24 . 13 . 5797–807 . July 2004 . 15199136 . 480876 . 10.1128/MCB.24.13.5797-5807.2004 .
- Lestrade L, Weber MJ . snoRNA-LBME-db, a comprehensive database of human H/ACA and C/D box snoRNAs . Nucleic Acids Research . 34 . Database issue . D158-62 . January 2006 . 16381836 . 1347365 . 10.1093/nar/gkj002 . 10.1.1.105.7552 .
- Ender C, Krek A, Friedländer MR, Beitzinger M, Weinmann L, Chen W, Pfeffer S, Rajewsky N, Meister G . A human snoRNA with microRNA-like functions . Molecular Cell . 32 . 4 . 519–28 . November 2008 . 19026782 . 10.1016/j.molcel.2008.10.017 . free .
- Web site: mmu-miR-1839 . .
- Babiarz JE, Ruby JG, Wang Y, Bartel DP, Blelloch R . Mouse ES cells express endogenous shRNAs, siRNAs, and other Microprocessor-independent, Dicer-dependent small RNAs . Genes & Development . 22 . 20 . 2773–85 . October 2008 . 18923076 . 2569885 . 10.1101/gad.1705308 .
