Sajó Explained

Sajó
Name Other:Slaná
Source1 Location:Stolica Mountains
Source1 Elevation:1229m (4,032feet)
Source1 Coordinates:48.7762°N 20.2096°W
Mouth Coordinates:47.9437°N 21.1142°W
Subdivision Type1:Countries
Subdivision Name1:Slovakia and Hungary
Length:229.4km (142.5miles)
Tributaries Left:Takta, Hernád, Bódva, Szuha
Tributaries Right:Szinva, Bán-patak, Hangony, Rimava, Turiec, Muráň, Štítnik
Basin Size:12708.3km2[1] to12869.6km2[2]
Discharge1 Avg:65.6m3/s to78.623m3/s[3]
Discharge1 Location:Tiszaújváros, Hungary (near mouth)
Discharge2 Location:Miskolc (53.205 rkm; Basin size: 6245.8km2
Discharge2 Avg:35.087m3/s[4]
Discharge3 Location:Kazincbarcika (88.4 rkm; Basin size:
Discharge3 Avg:[5]
Discharge5 Location:Rožňava (Rozsnyó, 177.5 rkm; Basin size:
Discharge5 Avg:[6]
Discharge4 Location:Bánréve, Sajópüspöki (123.6 rkm; Basin size: 3204.7km2
Discharge4 Avg:20.55m3/s[7]

The Sajó (in Hungarian pronounced as /ˈʃɒjoː/, Hungarian) or Slaná (Slovak) is a river in Slovakia and Hungary.

Its length is 229 km, of which 110 km is in Slovakia. Its source is in the Stolica Mountains range of the Slovak Ore Mountains. It flows through the Slovak town Rožňava and the Hungarian city Miskolc. In Hungary Sajó flows through the county of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén. It flows into the River Tisza near Tiszaújváros. Its main tributaries are the Bodva and the Hornád. It is also known for the Battle of the Sajó River from 11 April 1241 between the Mongol Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary.

Geography

Catchment area of the Sajó river by country:[8]

River Area by country
Slovakia Hungary
(km2) ! (%)(km2)(%)
Sajó3,21725.32,32818.3
Bódva8586.88696.8
Hernád4,42334.81,0138.0
8,49866.94,21033.1
Sajó River Basin12,708 km2100.0%

Important hydrological stations along the Sajó river:[8] [9]

colspan Station ! River kilo-meter (rkm) Altitude (m) ! Basin size (km2) Average discharge (m3/s)
Hungary
Tiszaújváros (near mouth)0.09112,869.678.623
Kesznyéten10.59412,131.975.582
Ónod341046,69136.701
Felsőzsolca50.91146,591.936.276
Miskolc53.91166,591.936.146
Kazincbarcika88.41354,36124.473
Sajópüspöki, Bánréve123.61553,204.720.55
Slovakia
Lenartovce (Sajólénártfalva)127.21571,829.6514.5
Bretka (Beretke)149.8193889.126.075
Rožňava (Rozsnyó)175.5276.6301.533.264
Gemerská Poloma (Veszverés)184.3320.9201.62.622
Vlachovo (Oláhpatak)198.6412123.162.051
Vyšná Slaná (Felsősajó)201.3440.960.280.696

Tributaries

Complete list of streams (slovak 'potok'; Hungarian patak') and rivers flowing into the Sajó (from the estuary upwards):[10] [11] [12]

Left tributary ! Right tributary Length (km) ! Basin size (km2) Average discharge (m3/s)
Hungary
Inér-háti-főcsatorna 10.2 55 0.089
Takta 63.8 620.6 2.951 - Hejő-Szarda-övcsatorna - 282.2 5,436.4 38.555 - Kis-Sajó 20.9 85.8 0.16 - 18.5 159.4 0.733 -Bábony-patak 9.5 26.9 0.122 - 110.7 1,727.3 9.983 - Harica 20.1 86.1 0.292 -Alacska-patak 6.6 10 0.049 - Szuha 40 211.6 0.982 - Tardona-patak 18.9 47.2 0.206 -Bán-patak 23.9 260.3 0.893 - Galgóc-patak 3.1 - Zsuponyó-patak 7.5 17 0.094 - Szörnyűvölgyi-patak 6 10.3 0.051 - Mercse-patak 10.6 30.1 0.16 -Hangony 30.9 295.2 1.033 - Keleméri-patak 15.6 60.3 0.19 - Slovakia - Rimava (Rima) 88 1,368.6 7.912 -Lúčka 7.2 - Neporadzský potok 8.2 0.091 - Konský potok 10 0.139 - Kaloša 15.1 146.6 0.27 - Hubovský potok 9.2 - Turiec (Turóc) 46.2 370.5 2.072 - Chinča 9.8 0.111 - Gemerský potok 3.8 - Lapša 9.5 - Muráň (Murány) 48.8 413.2 3.118 - Sograd' 8.3 0.064 - Androvský potok 3.4 0.167 - Mlynský -Štítnik (Csetnek) 32.8 229.6 1.715 -Egressy potok (Egres-patak) 4.2 - Čremošná (Csermosnya-patak) 29 142 0.968 - Honský potok 12.8 26.23 0.189 - Rožňavský potok 13.34 42.3 0.332 - Betliarsky potok 7.9 0.124 - Capašsky potok 5.3 - Súl'ovský potok 14.2 57.66 0.462 - Kolesárský potok 6.2 - Dolinský potok - Lučica 4.9 - Henckovský potok 3 -Pališov potok 2.9 -Kobeliarovský potok 6.76 15.65 0.138 -Gampel'ský potok 3.4 - Gočovský potok 2.9 - Vlachovský potok 5.3 - Dobšinský potok (Dobsina) 15.5 57.32 0.578 - Žoltkovský potok 6.5 -Potôčik -Mlynná - Krokovský potok 1.9 - Rovniansky potok 5.5 - Skalný potok - Trsteník 3.5

Etymology

The origin of the name is the subject of scholar discussions. Hungarian linguists and historians suggested the derivation from the Hungarian sojó, só folyó (salt water, river) already in the 19th century.[13] Newer theories associate the name with sió referring to fast streams. According to Slovak linguists the name is pre-Hungarian (Slaná: salt river) and most likely not associated with the salinity but with the salt road existing already in times of Great Moravia. The supporters argue by numerous Slavic toponyms in the river basin and by local names related to soľ (salt) and Moravia like Moravce, Soľár, Solišče, Soľka, Soľník, Morava (according to this interpretation the Hungarian name is a later translation).[14]

Notes and References

  1. Book: MAGYARORSZÁG HIDROLÓGIAI ATLASZA-I. Folyóink vízgyűjtője-A Sajó.
  2. Web site: TISZA.
  3. Web site: TISZA.
  4. Web site: TISZA.
  5. Web site: TISZA.
  6. Web site: TISZA.
  7. Web site: TISZA.
  8. Web site: VÍZÜGYI HONLAP.
  9. Web site: TISZA.
  10. Web site: TISZA.
  11. Web site: OMA.sk-Slovensko.
  12. Book: MAGYARORSZÁG HIDROLÓGIAI ATLASZA-I. Folyóink vízgyűjtője-A Sajó.
  13. Book: Krško, Jaromír . Peter . Žeňuch . Elena . Uzeňova . Katarína . Žeňuchová . Jazyk a kultúra na Slovensku v slovanských a neslovanských súvislostiach . Rudolf Odraz multietnicity karpatského regiónu v slovenskej hydronymii . 2013 . 71. Slavistický ústav J. Stanislava SAV, Slovenský komitét slavistov a Zemplínske múzeum v Michalovciach. Bratislava. 978-80-89489-11-4. sk.
  14. Jaromír . Krško . Rudolf Krajčovič: Živé kroniky slovenských dejín skryté v názvoch obcí a miest – recenzia . Acta Onomastica . 2009 . L . 204–209 . Ústav pro jazyk český AV ČR. Praha. 1211-4413. sk.