Six-star rank explained

See also: General of the Armies of the United States.

In the United States Armed Forces, a six-star rank is a proposed rank immediately superior to a five-star rank, possibly to be worn by the General of the Armies.

History

As Congress was trying to create the rank of Fleet Admiral in 1944,[1] the Navy wanted to re-establish and elevate Admiral of the Navy to be equivalent to General of the Armies,[2] but they could not legally do so without an Act of Congress. Chief of Naval Personnel Vice Admiral Randall Jacobs testified before the Committee on Naval Affairs of the House of Representatives, recommending that the rank of Admiral of the Navy should be made equivalent to General of the Armies, but a previous bill submitted for its re-establishment on 25 February 1944, failed to be passed. Congress passed Pub.L. 78-482 on 14 December 1944, creating the rank of fleet admiral, without re-establishing the rank of Admiral of the Navy.[3]

PostWorld War II

As such, the rank of Admiral of the Navy continued to be inactive. By 1955, the Navy concluded that the rank was honorary.[4] And while they held to the belief that it was equivalent to General of the Armies, the Navy amended its regulations to establish fleet admiral as its highest achievable rank, adhering to the standard set by the law.

On 21 January 1955, a draft resolution was proposed to the U.S. Senate to authorize President Dwight D. Eisenhower to appoint Douglas MacArthur, then a five-star General of the Army, to be elevated to the "six-star rank" of General of the Armies of the United States "in recognition of the great services to his country", with "such appointment to take effect as of the seventy-fifth anniversary of his birth, 26 January 1955."[5] [6] [7] The proposal had little chance of passing and was never voted on.[8] The rank of General of the Armies had previously been granted in 1919 to active-duty four-star General John J. Pershing. The markings used to identify Pershing's new ranking as higher than general was a bank of four gold (rather than silver) stars.

In 1976, as part of commemorations for the U.S. Bicentennial, George Washington was posthumously promoted to the rank of General of the Armies of the United States.[9] Although the law did not actually specify the number of stars,[10] some U.S. newspapers[11] [12] [13] and members of Congress[14] described this as a "six-star rank". His appointment had been to serve as "General and Commander in Chief of the Army of the United Colonies".[15] [16]

See also

Notes and References

  1. [s:Public Law 78-482]
  2. Web site: 20 July 1944. Hearings Before the Committee on Naval Affairs of the House of Representatives on Sundry Legislation Affecting the Naval Establishment, 1943–1944, Seventy-eighth Congress, First–Second Session. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1944. pp. 1339, 2357–2362.. 1 November 2020. Google Books.
  3. Web site: 14 December 1944. An Act to establish the grade of Fleet Admiral for the United States Navy; to establish the grade of General of the Army, and for other purposes. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120206041537/http://www.nightscribe.com/military/public_law_482.htm. 6 February 2012. 2012-09-21.
  4. Web site: "How Many Stars Does 'Admiral of the Navy' Rate?". All Hands. January 1955. p. 23.. 1 November 2020. Google Books.
  5. [s:Senate Joint Resolution 26, 21 January 1955|U.S. Senate Joint Resolution 26]
  6. Book: Foster, Frank C.. 2011. United States Army Medal, Badges and Insignias. Medals of America Press. 9781884452673. 19. effort was made to reward General Douglas MacArthur, this time with specifying a six-star rank, but it never came to fruition.
  7. Book: Korda, Michael. Michael Korda. 2009. Ike. registration. HarperCollins. 9780061744969. 190. Congress would twice try to promote him from the new rank of General of the Army—a five-star general—to the unique rank of General of the Armies: a proposed six-star general..
  8. Book: Weintraub, Stanley. Stanley Weintraub. 2007. 15 Stars: Eisenhower, MacArthur, Marshall: Three Generals Who Saved the American Century. Simon & Schuster. 9781416545934. 488. A few MacArthur devotees in Congress, like Representative Martin, tried to organize support for honorary six-star rank for the general, but as that would have been a slap at Eisenhower, such legislation had no chance..
  9. [s:Orders 31-3|Department of the Army Order 31-3]
  10. Web site: Sunday Reflection: How the 'indispensable man' became America's only six-star general. Dooley, Joseph. April 6, 2013. Washington Examiner.
  11. News: George Washington Wins Promotion to Six-Star Rank . United Press International . Eugene Register-Guard . Eugene, Oregon . 12 October 1976 . 1 March 2014 . 7A .
  12. News: Washington Gets Star . The New York Times . 13 October 1976 . President Ford signed today a bill that posthumously promoted George Washington to the rank of six-star General of the Armies.
  13. News: Kilian, Michael. Foursquare opposed to a six-star Washington. Chicago Tribune. 5 August 1976. A2.
  14. Web site: Sunday Reflection: How the 'indispensable man' became America's only six-star general. Dooley, Joseph. 6 April 2013. Washington Examiner. Rep. Frank Wolf, R-Va., ... noted, [Washington] is "the only six-star general in the nation's history.".
  15. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(jc00238)): Cont'l Cong., Commission for General Washington, in 2 Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789 96-7 (Library of Cong. eds., 1905)
  16. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(jc00240)): Cont'l Cong., Instructions for General Washington, in 2 Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789 100-1 (Library of Cong. eds., 1905)

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