Sironidae Explained

The Sironidae are a family of harvestmen with more than 60 described species.

The family shows a Laurasian distribution, with most species found in temperate Europe and the west coast of North America. The only exception is Suzukielus sauteri from Japan.

Name

Siro is the Latinized form of the French name "Ciron".

Species

Below is from "World Catalog of Opiliones" (as of early 2024, after transfer of Parasiro).See also "List of Cyphophthalmi species"List of Cyphophthalmi species#Boreophthalmi

• Arhesiro Karaman, 2022

• Arhesiro clousi (Giribet & Shear, 2010)USA (Oregon)

• Arhesiro sonoma (Shear, 1980)USA (California)
• Cyphophthalmus Joseph, 1869 (mostly Balkan)

• Cyphophthalmus beschkovi (Mitov, 1994) Bulgaria

• Cyphophtalmus bithynicus (Gruber, 1969)Turkey

• Cyphophthalmus conocephalus Karaman, 2009Bosnia and Herzegovina

• Cyphophthalmus corfuanus (Kratochvíl, 1938)Greece

• Cyphophtalmus duricorius Joseph, 1868Austria, Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia, Italy

• Cyphophtalmus eratoae (Juberthie, 1968)Greece

• Cyphophthalmus ere Karaman, 2008Serbia

• Cyphophthalmus gjorgjevici (Hadzi, 1933)North Macedonia

• Cyphophthalmus gordani Karaman, 2009Montenegro

• Cyphophthalmus hlavaci Karaman, 2009Croatia

• Cyphophthalmus klisurae (Hadzi, 1973)Kosovo - cave

• Cyphophthalmus kratochvili Karaman, 2009Croatia

• Cyphophthalmus markoi Karaman, 2008(?) Serbia

• Cyphophthalmus martensi Karaman, 2009Montenegro

• Cyphophthalmus minutus (Kratochvíl, 1938) Montenegro, Croatia- cave

• Cyphophthalmus montenegrinus (Hadzi, 1973)Montenegro

• Cyphophthalmus neretvanus Karaman, 2009Croatia

• Cyphophthalmus noctiphilus (Kratochvíl, 1940)Croatia - cave

• Cyphophthalmus nonveilleri Karaman, 2008 Serbia - cave

• Cyphophthalmus ognjenovici Karaman, 2009Bosnia and Herzegovina

• Cyphophthalmus ohridanus (Hadzi, 1973) North Macedonia - cave

• Cyphophthalmus paradoxus (Kratochvíl, 1958)Bulgaria

• Cyphophthalmus paragamiani Karaman, 2009Greece

• Cyphophthalmus rumijae Karaman, 2009Montenegro

• Cyphophthalmus serbicus (Hadzi, 1973) Serbia

• Cyphophthalmus silhavyi (Kratochvíl, 1938) Croatia - cave

• Cyphophthalmus solentiensis Dreszer, Raða & Giribet, 2015Croatia

• Cyphophthalmus teyrovskyi (Kratochvíl, 1938)Croatia - cave

• Cyphophthalmus thracicus Karaman, 2009Bulgaria

• Cyphophthalmus trebinjanus Karaman, 2009Bosnia and Herzegovina

• Cyphophthalmus yalovensis (Gruber, 1969)Turkey

• Cyphophthalmus zetae Karaman, 2009Montenegro
• Holosiro Ewing, 1923

• Holosiro acaroides Ewing, 1923USA (Washington, Oregon, California)

• Holosiro calaveras (Giribet & Shear, 2010)USA (California)

• Holosiro ewingi Karaman, 2022USA (Oregon)

• Holosiro shasta (Giribet & Shear, 2010)USA (California)
• Iberosiro de Bivort & Giribet, 2004

• Iberosiro distylos de Bivort & Giribet, 2004Portugal - cave

• Iberosiro rosae Giribet, Merino-Sáinz & Benavides, 2017Spain
• Neosiro Newell, 1943

• Neosiro boyerae (Giribet & Shear, 2010)USA (Washington, Oregon)

• Neosiro exilis (Hoffman, 1963)USA (Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland)

• Neosiro kamiakensis Newell, 1943 USA (Washington, Idaho)

• Neosiro ligiae (Giribet, 2017) USA (Oregon)

• Neosiro martensi Karaman, 2022USA (Oregon)

• Neosiro richarti (Benavides & Giribet, 2017)USA (Idaho)

• [Also †''[[Neosiro balticus]] (Dunlop & Mitov, 2011) (fossil, Baltic amber)]
• Odontosiro Juberthie, 1961

• Odontosiro lusitanicus Juberthie, 1961Portugal, Spain
• Paramiopsalis Juberthie, 1962

• Paramiopsalis anadonae Giribet, Merino-Sáinz & Benavides, 2017Spain

• Paramiopsalis eduardoi Murienne & Giribet, 2009Spain

• Paramiopsalis ramblae Benavides & Giribet, 2017Spain

• Paramiopsalis ramulosa Juberthie, 1962Spain
• Siro Latreille, 1796 (western Europe, North America)

• Siro carpaticus Rafalski, 1956Poland, Slovakia

• Siro crassus Novak & Giribet, 2006Slovenia

• Siro franzi Karaman & Raspotnig, 2022Austria

• Siro ozimeci Karaman, 2022Croatia

• Siro rubens Latreille, 1804France

• Siro valleorum Chemini, 1990Italy

• †Siro platypedibus Dunlop & Giribet, 2003 (fossil, Bitterfield amber from Bitterfeld, Germany)
• Suzukielus Juberthie, 1970

• Suzukielus sauteri (Roewer, 1916)Japan

The following genus is no longer included in Sironidae, but also not yet included in any new family:

• Marwe Shear, 1985 (Kenya)

• Marwe coarctata Shear, 1985

Further reading

• (eds.) (2007). Harvestmen – The Biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press, USA.
• (2005): The genus Cyphophthalmus (Arachnida, Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) in Europe: A phylogenetic approach to Balkan Peninsula biogeography. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 36(3): 554-567.
• Checklist of the Cyphophthalmi species of the World