| Nalanda district | |
| Settlement Type: | District |
| Total Type: | Total |
| Coor Pinpoint: | Bihar Sharif |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: |  India |
| Subdivision Type1: | State |
| Subdivision Name1: | Bihar |
| Subdivision Type2: | Division |
| Subdivision Name2: | Patna |
| Established Title: | Established |
| Established Date: | 9 November 1972 |
| Seat Type: | Headquarters |
| Seat: | Bihar Sharif |
| Parts Type: | Tehsils |
| Parts Style: | para |
| Area Total Km2: | 2367 |
| Area Urban Km2: | 112.91 |
| Population As Of: | 2011 |
| Population Total: | 2,877,653 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Demographics Type1: | Demographics |
| Demographics1 Title1: | Literacy |
| Demographics1 Info1: | 66.41 (M=77.11; F=54.76) |
| Demographics1 Title2: | Sex ratio |
| Demographics1 Info2: | 921 (2011) |
| Leader Title1: | Lok Sabha constituencies |
| Leader Name1: | Nalanda |
| Timezone1: | IST |
| Utc Offset1: | +05:30 |
| Blank Name Sec1: | Major highways |
| Blank Info Sec1: | NH 20, NH 33, NH 120, NH 431 |
| Postal Code Type: | PIN Code |
| Postal Code: | 803111[1] |
Nalanda district is one of the thirty-eight districts of the state of Bihar in Eastern India. Bihar Sharif is the administrative headquarters of this district. The districts is home to the ancient Nalanda Mahavihara a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Nalanda is located in the Magadh region of southern Bihar.[2]
Nalanda became a fully-fledged district when it was split from Patna on 9 November 1972.[3] [4]
Nalanda district occupies an area of 2355km2.[5] The Phalgu, Mohane, Jirayan, and Kumbhari rivers flow through it. The district is a part of Patna Division. Majority of the land in the district is fertile land of Indo Gangetic plane. In the extreme South, there lies the hills of Rajgir. There is also one small hillock in the district headquarters of Bihar Sharif.
In 1978 Nalanda district became home to the Pant Wildlife Sanctuary, Rajgir which has an area of 35.84abbr=onNaNabbr=on.[6]
According to the 2011 census Nalanda district has a population of 2,877,653,[7] roughly equal to the nation of Mongolia[8] or the US state of Kansas.[9] This gives it a ranking of 134th in India (out of a total of 640),[7] and 18th in state. The district has a population density of 1220PD/sqkm.[7] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 21.18%.[7] Nalanda has a sex ratio of 921 females for every 1000 males,[7] and a literacy rate of 66.41%. 15.91% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 21.12% and 0.05% of the population respectively.[7]
At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 56.27% of the population in the district spoke Magahi, 37.28% Hindi and 5.69% Urdu as their first language.[10]
Since Kurmis are dominant in Nalanda, it is also known by the name Kurmistan in political circle.[11] Nalanda district is the birthplace of Chief Minister of Bihar, Nitish Kumar. The Nalanda district comprises Nalanda Lok Sabha constituency, which can further be fragmented into seven Legislative Assembly constituencies. In 2015 Bihar Assembly elections, Janata Dal (United) (JDU), the political party led by Kumar was able to win five out of seven Legislative Assembly constituencies of the district. It has been stated that preponderance of Kushwahas apart from Kurmis and sizeable population of Extremely Backward Castes, who are considered as the supporters of Kumar, has been the prime factor behind success of JDU in polls conducted in this district.[12]
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These 3 Tehsils are further divided into 20 Blocks, each headed by a Block Development Officer (BDO).
Nalanda district is fast developing and the ruins of the ancient Nalanda University or UNESCO Nalanda Archaeological Site attracts tourists from all over the world driving the local economy.
Agriculture is the backbone of the economy, with the majority of the population engaged in agriculture. Rice, wheat, maize, pulses, potato, fruits, and vegetables are the main crops. A newly setup Ordnance Factory, one of the 41 Indian Ordnance Factories has been set up by the Ministry of Defence, Government of India to manufacture artillery shells at Nalanda by the then Defence Minister Shri George Fernandes. Then there is the railway coach maintenance plant at Harnaut Block of Nalanda.
Tourism is well developed, with lakhs of people flocking at ruins of Nalanda University, Rajgir and Pawapuri. Rajgir was the first capital of Magadh Empire. Buddha had spent years at this place. Surrounded by five hills, it has got scenic views. Pawapuri, the Nirwana place of Mahavir, is holy place for the Jains.[13] [14] In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Nalanda one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 36 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[15]