Richard Peto Explained

Honorific Prefix:	Sir
Richard Peto
Birth Date:	1943 5, df=yes
Nationality:	British
Field:	Medical Statistics, Clinical Trials, Epidemiology of Smoking.
Work Institution:	University of Oxford Green Templeton College, Oxford
Education:	Taunton's School
Alma Mater:	University of Cambridge (BA) Imperial College London (MSc)

Sir Richard Peto (born 14 May 1943) is an English statistician and epidemiologist who is Professor of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology at the University of Oxford, England.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Education

He attended Taunton's School in Southampton and subsequently studied the Natural Sciences Tripos at Trinity College, Cambridge followed by a Master of Science degree in Statistics at Imperial College London.

Career and research

His career has included collaborations with Richard Doll beginning at the Medical Research Council Statistical Research Unit in London. He set up the Clinical Trial Service Unit (CTSU) in Oxford in 1975 and is currently co-director. Peto's paradox is named after him.

Awards and honours

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1989 for his contributions to the development of meta-analysis. He is a leading expert on deaths related to tobacco use. "When Sir Richard Peto began work with the late Richard Doll fifty years ago, the UK had the worst death rates from smoking in the world. Smoking was the cause of more than half of all premature deaths of British men."^[4] He was knighted for his services to epidemiology and to cancer prevention in 1999, and he received an honorary Doctor of Medical Sciences degree from Yale University in 2011.^{[5] [6]}

Personal life

His brother Julian Peto, with whom he has published work in mathematical statistics (e.g. on the logrank test), is also a distinguished epidemiologist.

Selected publications

• Gribbin . B . Pickering . TG . Sleight . P . Peto . R . Oct 1971 . Effect of age and high blood pressure on baroreflex sensitivity in man . Circ. Res. . 29 . 4. 424–31 . 5110922 . 10.1161/01.res.29.4.424. free .
• Peto . R . Peto . J . 1972 . Asymptotically efficient rank invariant test procedures . J R Stat Soc Ser A . 135 . 2. 185–207 . 10.2307/2344317 . 2344317. 10338.dmlcz/103602 . free .
• Doll . R . Peto . R . Dec 1976 . Mortality in relation to smoking: 20 years' observations on male British doctors . Br Med J . 2 . 6051. 1525–36 . 1009386 . 1690096 . 10.1136/bmj.2.6051.1525.
• Peto . R . Pike . MC . Armitage . P . Breslow . NE. Breslow NE . Cox . DR . Howard . SV . Mantel . N . McPherson . K . Peto . J . Smith . PG . Dec 1976 . Design and analysis of randomized clinical trials requiring prolonged observation of each patient. I. Introduction and design . Br J Cancer . 34 . 6. 585–612 . 10.1038/bjc.1976.220 . 795448 . 2025229.
• Peto . R . Pike . MC . Armitage . P . Breslow . NE . Cox . DR . Howard . SV . Mantel . N . McPherson . K . Peto . J . Smith . PG . Jan 1977 . Design and analysis of randomized clinical trials requiring prolonged observation of each patient. II. Analysis and examples . Br J Cancer . 35 . 1. 1–39 . 10.1038/bjc.1977.1 . 831755 . 2025310.
• Peto . R . Doll . R . Buckley . JD . Sporn . MB . Mar 1981 . Can dietary beta-carotene materially reduce human cancer rates? . Nature . 290 . 5803. 201–8 . 7010181 . 10.1038/290201a0. 1981Natur.290..201P . 43042899 .
• Doll . R . Peto . R . Jun 1981 . The causes of cancer: quantitative estimates of avoidable risks of cancer in the United States today . J Natl Cancer Inst . 66 . 6. 1191–308 . 7017215 . 10.1093/jnci/66.6.1192. 36210635 .
• Peto R, Schneiderman M, eds. Quantification of occupational cancer. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1981. .
• Yusuf . S . Peto . R . Lewis . J . Collins . R . Sleight . P . Mar–Apr 1985 . Beta blockade during and after myocardial infarction: an overview of the randomized trials . Prog Cardiovasc Dis . 27 . 5. 335–71 . 10.1016/S0033-0620(85)80003-7 . 2858114 .
• Peto R, zur Hausen H, eds. Viral etiology of cervical cancer. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1986. .
• MacMahon . S . Peto . R . Cutler . J . Collins . R . Sorlie . P . Neaton . J . Abbott . R . Godwin . J . Dyer . A . Stamler . J . Mar 1990 . Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 1, Prolonged differences in blood pressure: prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias . Lancet . 335 . 8692. 765–74 . 1969518 . 10.1016/0140-6736(90)90878-9. 25998460 .
• Collins . R . Peto . R . MacMahon . S . Hebert . P . Fiebach . NH . Eberlein . KA . Godwin . J . Qizilbash . N . Taylor . JO . Hennekens . CH . Apr 1990 . Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 2, Short-term reductions in blood pressure: overview of randomised drug trials in their epidemiological context . Lancet . 335 . 8693. 827–38 . 1969567 . 10.1016/0140-6736(90)90944-Z. 11916390 .
• Peto R, Imperial Cancer Research Fund (Great Britain), World Health Organization, et al. Mortality from smoking in developed countries, 1950–2000: indirect estimates from national vital statistics. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. .
• Hennekens . CH . Buring . JE . Manson . JE . Stampfer . M . Rosner . B . Cook . NR . Belanger . C . LaMotte . F . Gaziano . JM . Ridker . PM . Willett . W . Peto . R . May 1996 . Lack of effect of long-term supplementation with beta carotene on the incidence of malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular disease . N Engl J Med . 334 . 18. 1145–9 . 8602179 . 10.1056/NEJM199605023341801. 17357275 . free .
• Thun . MJ . Peto . R . Lopez . AD . Monaco . JH . Henley . SJ . Heath . CW Jr . Doll . R . Dec 1997 . Alcohol consumption and mortality among middle-aged and elderly U.S. adults. . N Engl J Med . 337 . 24. 1705–14 . 10.1056/NEJM199712113372401 . 9392695 . free .
• Danesh . J . Collins . R . Appleby . P . Peto . R . May 1998 . Association of fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, albumin, or leukocyte count with coronary heart disease: meta-analyses of prospective studies . JAMA . 279 . 18. 1477–82 . 9600484 . 10.1001/jama.279.18.1477.
• Peto . R . Darby . S . Deo . H . Silcocks . P . Whitley . E . Doll . R . Aug 2000 . Smoking, smoking cessation, and lung cancer in the UK since 1950: combination of national statistics with two case-control studies . BMJ . 321 . 7257. 323–9 . 10.1136/bmj.321.7257.323 . 10926586 . 27446.
• Collins . R . Armitage . J . Parish . S . Sleigh . P . Peto . R . Heart Protection . Study Collaborative Group . Jun 2003 . MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial . Lancet . 361 . 9374. 2005–16 . 12814710 . 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13636-7. 28111189 .
• Halliday . A . Mansfield . A . Marro . J . Peto . C . Peto . R . Potter . J . Thomas . D . May 2004 . Prevention of disabling and fatal strokes by successful carotid endarterectomy in patients without recent neurological symptoms: randomised controlled trial . Lancet . 363 . 9420. 1491–502 . 15135594 . 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16146-1. 22814764 .
• Doll . R . Peto . R . Boreham . J . Sutherland . I . Jun 2004 . Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors . BMJ . 328 . 7455. 1519 . 10.1136/bmj.38142.554479.AE . 15213107 . 437139.
• Baigent . C . Keech . A . Kearney . PM . Blackwell . L . Buck . G . Pollicino . C . Kirby . A . Sourjina . T . Peto . R . Collins . R . Simes . R . Oct 2005 . Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins . Lancet . 366 . 9493. 1267–78 . 16214597 . 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67394-1. 10716362 .
• Clarke . M . Collins . R . Darby . S . Davies . C . Elphinstone . P . Evans . E . Godwin . J . Gray . R . Hicks . C . James . S . MacKinnon . E . McGale . P . McHugh . T . Peto . R . Taylor . C . Wang . Y . Early Breast . Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group . Dec 2005 . Effects of radiotherapy and of differences in the extent of surgery for early breast cancer on local recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials . Lancet . 366 . 9503. 2087–106 . 16360786 . 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67887-7. 14628726 . free .

Notes and References

1. Mann . C. . Richard Peto: Statistician with a Mission . 10.1126/science.249.4968.479 . Science . 249 . 4968 . 479 . 1990 . 17735279 . 2012-08-07 . 21 November 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141121215727/http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/mwr78e00 . dead .
2. Web site: Royal Society citation.
3. News: Experts Examined - Sir Richard Peto. 13 June 2005. news.bbc.co.uk.
4. Web site: The Life Scientific - Richard Peto on why smoking kills but quitting saves lives - BBC Sounds. bbc.co.uk.
5. Web site: Sir Richard Peto. University of Oxford. 26 December 2012. 2 August 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170802004609/http://www.cardioscience.ox.ac.uk/bhf-centre-of-research-excellence/researcher-profiles/sir-richard-peto. dead.
6. Web site: Yale University: Honorary Degrees. Yale University. USA. 26 December 2012. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150521015848/http://ris-systech2.its.yale.edu/hondegrees/hondegrees.asp. 21 May 2015.