| Honorific-Prefix: | Sir |
| James Balfour Paul | |
| Office: | Lord Lyon King of Arms |
| Term Start: | 1890 |
| Term End: | 1927 |
| Predecessor: | George Burnett |
| Successor: | George Swinton |
| Birth Date: | 16 November 1846 |
| Birth Place: | Edinburgh |
| Death Place: | Edinburgh |
| Nationality: | Scottish |
| Resting Place: | Dean Cemetery |
Sir James Balfour Paul (16 November 1846 – 15 September 1931) was the Lord Lyon King of Arms, the officer responsible for heraldry in Scotland, from 1890 until the end of 1926.
Balfour Paul was born in Edinburgh, the second son of the Reverend John Paul of St Cuthbert's Church, Edinburgh and Margaret Balfour (granddaughter of James Balfour of Pilrig), at their home, 13 George Square, Edinburgh.[1] His great-grandfather was Sir William Moncreiff, 7th Baronet.[2] He was educated at Royal High School and University of Edinburgh.
He was admitted an advocate in 1870. Thereafter, he was Registrar of Friendly Societies (1879–1890), Treasurer of the Faculty of Advocates (1883–1902), and appointed Lord Lyon King of Arms in 1890. He was created a Knight Bachelor in the 1900 New Year Honours list,[3] and received the knighthood on 9 February 1900. Among his works was The Scots Peerage, a nine-volume series published from 1904 to 1914.[2]
He tried two interesting heraldic cases in Court of the Lord Lyon, the first being in 1909, when Sir Colin Macrae claimed the right to use the coat of arms as Chief of the Name of Clan Macrae, which was opposed by Colonel John MacRae-Gilstrap. The second was action brought against Mrs. Fraser Mackenzie by Colonel James Stewart-Mackenzie, 1st Baron Seaforth, in connection with the bearing of arms in right of her father. In the second case, the Lyon's ruling was upheld on appeal by the House of Lords.[2]
Shortly before his retirement in 1926, he was appointed a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO) in the 1926 New Year Honours list.[4] He was also admitted an Esquire and then a Commander of the Order of St John of Jerusalem, elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, and was a member of the Royal Societies and University (Edinburgh) Clubs. He was also Secretary of the Order of the Thistle.[2] He gave the Rhind Lectures in 1898, on heraldry.[5] [6] [7]
He resided at 30 Heriot Row, Edinburgh. Sir James married, in 1872, Helen Margaret (d. 20 December 1929), daughter of John Nairne Forman of Staffa (WS). They had four children: three sons and a daughter. One son, John William, also became a heraldic officer, while another, Arthur Forman, became an architect and partner of Robert Rowand Anderson.
Sir James is buried with other family in Dean Cemetery in Edinburgh, in the north section immediately east of the opening in the wall between the original cemetery and the north extension.
| James Balfour Paul | |
| Crest: | A lion sejant guardant gules, his dexter paw resting upon an escutcheon as in the arms; and in an escroll over the same this |
| Escutcheon: | Parted per pale, on the dexter side: argent, a lion sejan full-faced gules, holding in the dexter paw a thistle slipped vert, and in the sinister a shield of the second, on a chief azure, a Saint Andrew's Cross of the field (official coat of Lord Lyon King of Arms) on the sinister, or, a chevron indented sable between two lions rampant in chief, and an escutcheon in base gules (Balfour Paul)[11] |
| Motto: | Pro rege et republica ("For King and Commonwealth") |
| Other Elements: | Behind the shield are placed in saltire two batons representing that belonging to his office and round the shield is placed a gold collar of SS, and a triple chain also of gold, and depending from it the proper badge of Lyon King of Arms |
. Arthur Charles Fox-Davies. Armorial Families: A Directory of Some Gentlemen of Coat-Armour, Showing which Arms in Use at the Moment are Borne by Legal Authority. 1899. T.C. & E.C. Jack. 46. 8 September 2017. en.