| Honorific-Prefix: | The Right Honourable |
| The Viscount Greenwood | |
| Honorific-Suffix: | KC PC |
| Order1: | Chief Secretary for Ireland |
| Term Start1: | 2 April 1920 |
| Term End1: | 19 October 1922 |
| Monarch1: | George V |
| Primeminister1: | David Lloyd George |
| Predecessor1: | Ian Macpherson |
| Successor1: | Office abolished - replaced by Chairman of the Provisional Government of the Irish Free State |
| Office2: | Secretary for Overseas Trade |
| Term Start2: | 1919 |
| Term End2: | 1920 |
| 1Blankname2: | Board Pres. |
| 1Namedata2: | Sir Auckland Geddes |
| Predecessor2: | Sir Arthur Steel-Maitland |
| Successor2: | F. G. Kellaway |
| Office3: | Member of Parliament for York |
| Alongside3: | Denison Faber |
| Term Start3: | 8 February 1906 |
| Term End3: | 10 January 1910 |
| Predecessor3: | John Butcher Denison Faber |
| Successor3: | Arnold Stephenson Rowntree John Butcher |
| Birth Place: | Whitby, Durham Region, Ontario, Canada |
| Death Place: | London, Middlesex, England |
| Nationality: | Canadian British |
| Party: | Liberal Conservative |
| Education: | University of Toronto |
| Children: | 4; including Angela |
Thomas Hamar Greenwood, 1st Viscount Greenwood, PC, KC (7 February 1870 – 10 September 1948), known as Sir Hamar Greenwood, 1st Baronet between 1915 and 1929, was a Canadian-born British lawyer and politician. He served as the last Chief Secretary for Ireland between 1920 and 1922 and is associated with the activities of the Black and Tans in Ireland. Both his sons died unmarried meaning that the title of Viscount Greenwood became extinct in 2003.
Greenwood was born in Whitby, Ontario, Canada, to John Hamar Greenwood (1829-1903), a lawyer who emigrated from Llanbister, Radnorshire, Wales, as a youth, and wife Charlotte Churchill Hubbard, who was from a United Empire Loyalist family that had an ancestor who immigrated to Canada after the American Revolutionary War.[1] He was educated at the University of Toronto before emigrating to England as a young man.
Greenwood first stood for election as a Liberal and sat as a Member of Parliament for York from 1906 to 1910 and for Sunderland from 1910 to 1922.
He served under David Lloyd George as Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department in 1919, as Additional Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Additional Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade, as Secretary for Overseas Trade from 1919 to 1920, and as the last Chief Secretary for Ireland, with a seat in the Cabinet, from 1920 to 1922. He was made a Privy Counsellor in 1920.
As Chief Secretary, Greenwood was closely identified with the aggressive use of two specially formed paramilitary forces – the Black and Tans and the Auxiliaries – during the Irish War of Independence. Lord Riddell, a close friend of Prime Minister Lloyd George stated that although Greenwood's life was in constant danger he "seems to be tackling his job with great fearlessness and to be giving the Sinn Feiners some of their own medicine."[2] After the Burning of Cork by British auxiliary forces in December 1920, Greenwood blamed the "Sinn Féin rebels" and the people of Cork for burning their own city.[3] "A Lloyd George loyalist who believed in restoring British rule in Ireland by defeating the IRA, Greenwood’s denials and evasions became so frequent that he was lampooned with the phrase 'to tell a Greenwood'."[4]
Greenwood lost his seat in the 1922 general election. At the 1924 general election, he was one of a small number of Liberals, including Winston Churchill, to stand as Constitutionalist candidates. These were Liberals who advocated closer ties between Liberals and Conservatives. Greenwood's candidature in Walthamstow East was supported by the local Conservative association, but not by the local Liberals, who had their own candidate, and he won the seat. After the election, when it appeared that there was no prospect of closer formal ties between the two parties, Greenwood took the Conservative whip. He continued to represent Walthamstow East until 1929, although he never held government office again.
Greenwood had been created a baronet, of Onslow Gardens in the Royal Borough of Kensington, in 1915, and in the 1929 Dissolution Honours he was raised to the peerage as Baron Greenwood, of Llanbister in the County of Radnor.
In 1937 he was further honoured when he was created Viscount Greenwood, of Holbourne in the County of London. He was president of the British Iron and Steel Federation from 1938 to 1939 and chairman of the Pilgrims Society from 1945 to 1948, and president of the Pilgrims Society in 1948.
He died on 10 September 1948 in London, England.[5]
His wife, Margery Spencer, daughter of The Rev. Walter Spencer of FownhopeCourt, Herefordshire, and wife Anne "Annie" Elizabeth Hudson, became Viscountess Greenwood. She was made a Dame Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (DBE) in 1922. She was the sister of Muriel Forbes-Sempill, second wife of Wilfrid Ashley, 1st Baron Mount Temple, known as Molly Mountemple.
They had two sons and two daughters. Their elder son, David Henry Hamar Greenwood, succeeded his father as second Viscount.[6] [7] He died unmarried and was succeeded as third Viscount by his younger brother, Michael George Hamar Greenwood, who died unmarried as well, in 2003 rendering the title extinct.[8] [9]
Their elder daughter, Angela Margo Hamar Greenwood, married Edward Dudley Delevingne and is the paternal grandmother of model sisters Poppy and Cara Delevingne. Their younger daughter, Deborah Hamar Greenwood, married Patrick David de László, son of painter Philip de László.[10] [11] [12]
| Escutcheon: | Gules on a Chevron Ermine between three Saltires as many Portcullises Or |
| Crest: | A Demi Lion per fess Gules and Sable resting the sinister paw on a Portcullis Or |
| Supporters: | On either side a Lion rampant per fess Gules and Sable supporting a Staff Or flowing therefrom a Banner Argent that on the dexter charged with a Rose Gules barbed and seeded proper and that on the sinister charged with a Maple Leaf also proper |
| Motto: | Law and Loyalty [13] |