David King (chemist) explained

Sir David King
Birth Name:David Anthony King
Birth Date:12 August 1939
Birth Place:Union of South Africa
Citizenship:United Kingdom
Education:St John's College, Johannesburg
Alma Mater:University of the Witwatersrand (BSc; PhD 1963)
Thesis Title:A Study Of The Ammonia Synthesis Over Vanadium Nitride, Correlated With The Structure Of The Catalyst
Thesis Year:1963
Thesis Url:http://innopac.wits.ac.za/search~S0?/aKing+David+Anthony./aking+david+anthony/-3%2C-1%2C0%2CB/frameset&FF=aking+david+anthony&1%2C1%2C

Sir David Anthony King [1] (born 12 August 1939) is a South African-born British chemist, academic, and head of the Climate Crisis Advisory Group (CCAG).

King first taught at Imperial College, London, the University of East Anglia, and was then Brunner Professor of Physical Chemistry (1974–1988) at the University of Liverpool. He held the 1920 Chair of Physical Chemistry at the University of Cambridge from 1988 to 2006, and was Master of Downing College, Cambridge, from 1995 to 2000: he is now emeritus professor. While at Cambridge, he was successively a fellow of St John's College, Downing College, and Queens' College. Moving to the University of Oxford, he was Director of the Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment from 2008 to 2012, and a Fellow of University College, Oxford, from 2009 to 2012. He was additionally President of Collegio Carlo Alberto in Turin, Italy (2008–2011), and Chancellor of the University of Liverpool (2010–2013).

Outside of academia, King was Chief Scientific Adviser to the UK Government and Head of the Government Office for Science from 2000 to 2007. He was then senior scientific adviser to UBS, a Swiss investment bank and financial services company, from 2008 to 2013. From 2013 to 2017, he returned to working with the UK Government as Special Representative for Climate Change to the Foreign Secretary. He was also Chairman of the government's Future Cities Catapult from 2013 to 2016.

Early life and education

King was born on 12 August 1939 in South Africa, son of Arnold Tom Wallis King, of Johannesburg, director of a paint company, and Patricia Mary Bede, née Vardy.[2] [3] [4] His elder brother, Michael Wallis King (born 1937), was director of the FirstRand bank and vice-chair of the multinational mining company Anglo American plc.[5] King was educated at St John's College, an all-boys private school in Johannesburg. He studied at University of the Witwatersrand, graduating with a Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree and then a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree in 1963.[6]

Academic career

After his PhD, King moved to the United Kingdom where he was a Shell Scholar at Imperial College, London, from 1963 to 1966. He was then a lecturer in the School of Chemical Sciences of the University of East Anglia from 1966 to 1974.[7] He was appointed Brunner Professor of Physical Chemistry at the University of Liverpool in 1974. He was a member of the National Executive of the Association of University Teachers from 1970 until 1978, and served as its president for the 1976/77 academic year.

In 1988, King was appointed 1920 Professor of Physical Chemistry at the University of Cambridge. He subsequently served as Head of the University's Department of Chemistry from 1993 to 2000, and was its director of research from 2005 to 2011. When he first moved to Cambridge in 1988, he was elected a Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge. He moved from St John's when he was elected Master of Downing College, Cambridge, in 1995. He stepped down as Master in 2000, and was then a Fellow of Queens' College, Cambridge, from 2001 to 2008.

From 2008 to 2012, King was Director of the Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment at the University of Oxford. He was also a Fellow of University College, Oxford, from 2009 to 2012. He was President of Collegio Carlo Alberto in Turin, Italy, from 2008 to 2011,[8] and was Chancellor of the University of Liverpool from 2010 to 2013.[9]

Research

King has published over 500 papers on his research in chemical physics and on science and policy.

During his time at Cambridge, King had, together with Gabor Somorjai and Gerhard Ertl, shaped the discipline of surface science and helped to explain the underlying principles of heterogeneous catalysis. However, the 2007 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Ertl alone.[10]

Career outside academia

King was the Chief Scientific Adviser to the UK Government and Head of the Government Office for Science from October 2000 to 31 December 2007, under prime ministers Tony Blair and Gordon Brown.[11] In that time, he raised the profile of the need for governments to act on climate change and was instrumental in creating the £1 billion Energy Technologies Institute. In 2008 he co-authored The Hot Topic on this subject.[12]

During his tenure as Chief Scientific Adviser, he raised public awareness for climate change and initiated several foresight studies. As director of the government's Foresight Programme, he created an in-depth horizon scanning process which advised government on a wide range of long-term issues, from flooding to obesity.[13] [14] He also chaired the government's Global Science and Innovation Forum from its inception. King advised the government on issues including: the foot-and-mouth disease epidemic 2001; post 9/11 risks to the UK; GM foods; energy provision; and innovation and wealth creation. He was heavily involved in the government's Science and Innovation Strategy 2004–2014. He suggested that scientists should honour a Hippocratic Oath for Scientists.

In April 2008, King joined UBS, a Swiss investment bank, as senior science advisor.[15] He left UBS to return to the UK government when he was appointed the Foreign Secretary's Special Representative for Climate Change in September 2013.[16] [17]

From 2013 to 2016, King was the first chairman of the Future Cities Catapult, a government-funded body conducting research into smart cities.[18] [19]

In May 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, King formed and led Independent SAGE, a committee of unpaid experts which acts as a "shadow" of the UK government's SAGE group to address concerns of lack of transparency and political influence on that body.[20]

Views

Climate change

In his role as scientific advisor to the UK government King was outspoken on the subject of climate change, saying "I see climate change as the greatest challenges facing Britain and the World in the 21st century" [21] and "climate change is the most severe problem we are facing today – more serious even than the threat of terrorism".[22] [23]

He strongly supports the work of the IPCC, saying in 2004 that the 2001 synthesis report "is the best current statement on the state of play of the science of climate change, and that really does represent 1,000 scientists".[24]

King criticised the Bush administration for what he saw as its failures in climate change policy, saying it is "failing to take up the challenge of global warming".[25]

In 2004, King gave evidence to a House of Commons select committee confirming his view that "on a global and geological scale that climate change is the most serious problem we are faced with this century", and illustrated it with a statement that "Fifty-five million years ago was a time when there was no ice on the earth; the Antarctic was the most habitable place for mammals".[26] [27] The Independent on Sunday reported that King had at a later event compared current and projected carbon dioxide levels with the record over the past 60 million years, and in an indirect quote suggested King implied that Antarctica was likely to be the world's "only" habitable continent by the end of this century if global warming remains unchecked.[28] At the end of the 2007 programme "The Great Global Warming Swindle", broadcast on Channel 4, Fred Singer ridiculed the reported view of the "chief scientist"; King's complaint to Ofcom that the programme was unfair and had not given a chance to clarify was upheld, despite Channel 4's arguments that King was not named and had not challenged earlier reporting. [29]

King became head of the Climate Crisis Advisory Group in 2021, basing public meetings on a similar format to Independent SAGE, and publishing reports advising emission cuts and carbon dioxide removal.[30] He promotes the CCAG's 4R planet pathway: Reducing emissions; Removing the excess greenhouse gases (GHGs) already in the atmosphere; Repairing ecosystems; strengthening local and global Resilience against inevitable climate impacts.[31] [32]

Food production

King told The Independent newspaper in February 2007 "he agreed that organic food was no safer than chemically-treated food" and openly supported a study by the Manchester Business School that implicated organic farming practices in unfavourable CO2 comparisons with conventional chemical farming.

In an article published in The Guardian in February 2009, King is quoted as saying that "future historians might look back on our particular recent past and see the Iraq war as the first of the conflicts of this kind – the first of the resource wars" and that this was "certainly the view" (that the invasion was motivated by a desire to secure energy supplies) he held at the time of the invasion, along with "quite a few people in government".[33]

Energy

King is a strong supporter of nuclear electricity generation,[34] arguing that it is a safe, technically feasible solution that can help to reduce emissions from the utilities sector now, while the development of alternative low-carbon solutions is incentivised.[35] In the transport sector, King has warned governments that conventional oil resources are more scarce than they believe and that peak oil might approach sooner than expected.[36] Moreover, he has criticised first generation biofuels due to the effect on food prices and subsequent effect on the developing world. He strongly supports second generation biofuels, however, which are manufactured from inedible biomass such as corn stover, wood chips or straw. These biofuels are not made from food sources[37] (see food vs fuel).

King is a member of the Global Apollo Programme and headed its public launch in 2015. The programme calls for multinational research into reducing the cost of low-carbon electricity generation.

Humanism

King is a Distinguished Supporter of Humanists UK.[38]

Covid response

In July 2020 King advocated for school closures in the UK until covid cases were reduced to 1 in a million.[39]

Honours and awards

King was knighted in the 2003 New Year honours.[40] In 2009, he was made a Chevalier of the Légion d'Honneur by the French government.

In 1991 he received the BVC Medal and Prize, awarded by the British Vacuum Council. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1991,[41] a Foreign Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2002, and an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (HonFREng) in 2006.

In media

King appears in the film The Age of Stupid, released in February 2009, talking about Hurricane Katrina. He was portrayed by David Calder in the 2021 BBC television film The Trick.[42]

Personal life

By his first marriage, which ended in divorce, King has two sons. In 1983, he married, secondly, charity administrator and former head of a commercial law team,[43] Jane Margaret, daughter of general practitioner Hans Eugen Lichtenstein, OBE,[44] of Llandrindod Wells, Powys, Wales, a Holocaust survivor from a family that owned leather goods shops and an umbrella factory in Berlin. They have a son and a daughter.[45] [46]

Books published

Biographical links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: List of Fellows. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160326131201/http://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/people-council-committees/the-fellowship/list-of-fellows?fa=k. 26 March 2016. Royal Academy of Engineering.
  2. People of Today, Debrett's Peerage Ltd, 2006, p. 912
  3. The International Who's Who 1992-3, Europa Publications, 1992, p. 869
  4. Beerman's Financial Year Book of Southern Africa- Investors' Manual and Cyclopaedia of South African Public Companies 1973, Combined Publishers, p. 429
  5. Who's Who of Southern Africa, Argus Printing and Publishing Co., 2003, p. 170
  6. Web site: King, Sir David (Anthony), (born 12 Aug. 1939), Director, Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford, 2008–12; Fellow, University College, Oxford, 2009–12; Chief Scientific Adviser to the Government, and Head, Government Office for Science (formerly Office of Science and Technology, then of Science and Innovation), 2000–07; Executive Chair, Centre for Climate Repair, Cambridge, since 2019 . . Oxford University Press . en . 1 December 2020.
  7. King . D. . Wells . M. . Molecular beam investigation of adsorption kinetics on bulk metal targets: Nitrogen on tungsten . Surface Science . 29 . 2 . 454–482 . 1972 . 10.1016/0039-6028(72)90232-4. 1972SurSc..29..454K .
  8. Web site: Collegio Aperto: Sir David King . Collegio Carlo Alberto . 13 April 2021 . 23 October 2009.
  9. Web site: Home - News - University of Liverpool. liv.ac.uk. en. 25 January 2018.
  10. Web site: Nobel prize for superficial work. Roger. Highfield. 11 October 2007. telegraph.co.uk.
  11. King . D. A. . The scientific impact of nations . 10.1038/430311a . Nature . 430 . 6997 . 311–316 . 2004 . 15254529 . 2004Natur.430..311K . free .
  12. Book: King, David A. . Gabrielle Walker . The Hot Topic . . February 2008 . 978-0747593959 .
  13. King . D. . Foresight report on obesity . 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61739-5 . The Lancet . 370 . 9601 . 1754 . 2007 . 18037076 . 32777266 .
  14. King . D. A. . Thomas . S. M. . 10.1038/449791a . Big lessons for a healthy future . Nature . 449 . 7164 . 791–792 . 2007 . 17943108. 2007Natur.449..791K . free .
  15. News: UBS hires former UK chief science adviser. ((Reuters Staff)). Reuters. 21 November 2017. en-GB. https://web.archive.org/web/20171201182930/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-bank-climate/ubs-hires-former-uk-chief-science-adviser-idUKL114218920080411. 1 December 2017.
  16. Web site: Sir David King . GOV.UK . en. 21 November 2017.
  17. Web site: Foreign Secretary's new Special Representative for Climate Change - GOV.UK. gov.uk. en. 21 November 2017.
  18. Web site: Multi-million pound future cities catapult to be hosted in London. 9 January 2020. GOV.UK. en.
  19. Web site: Future Cities - Professor Sir David King - People . 1 November 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141101032933/https://futurecities.catapult.org.uk/people/-/asset_publisher/zQ6NnjOqc7TQ/content/professor-sir-david-king . 1 November 2014.
  20. Web site: Stone. Jon. 3 May 2020. Top scientists set up 'shadow' SAGE committee to advise government amid concerns over political interference. 24 November 2020. The Independent. en.
  21. Web site: The Challenge of Climate Change by Sir David King . 13 October 2004 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20040805205749/http://www.coolkidsforacoolclimate.com/Climate%20Change%20News/David%20King.htm . 5 August 2004.
  22. News: News. https://swap.stanford.edu/20081217070228/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/. dead. 17 December 2008. 15 March 2016. The Telegraph. 21 November 2017. en-GB. 0307-1235.
  23. News: Global warming 'biggest threat'. 2004. 21 November 2017. en-GB.
  24. Web site: House of Commons - Environmental Audit - Minutes of Evidence. Commons. The Committee Office, House of. publications.parliament.uk. 21 November 2017.
  25. News: Global warming 'biggest threat'. 2004. 21 November 2017. en-GB.
  26. Web site: House of Commons. Minutes of Evidence. 30 March 2004. Environmental Audit Select Committee. 15 December 2022.
  27. Web site: Ofcom. Ofcom Broadcast Bulletin 114. 21 July 2008. 15 December 2022.
  28. News: Why Antarctica will soon be the only place to live-literally. Geoffrey. Lean. https://web.archive.org/web/20100817023019/http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/why-antarctica-will-soon-be-the-ionlyi-place-to-live--literally-561947.html . live. 17 August 2010 . 2 May 2004. The Independent on Sunday. 15 December 2022. en-GB.
  29. News: The Guardian. 21 Jul 2008. David. Adam. Global warming documentary: The Ofcom report at a glance. 15 December 2022.
  30. Web site: Climate Crisis Advisory Group: New body launches, modelled after British scientists’ Covid-19 initiative. Edie. 21 June 2021. 15 December 2022.
  31. News: King . David . 2024-05-27 . Humanity’s survival is still within our grasp – just. But only if we take these radical steps . 2024-05-30 . The Guardian . en-GB . 0261-3077.
  32. Web site: About Climate Crisis Advisory Group . 2024-05-30 . www.ccag.earth . en.
  33. News: UK's ex-science chief predicts century of 'resource' wars. Randerson. James. 13 February 2009. The Guardian. 21 November 2017. en-GB. 0261-3077.
  34. Web site: A low carbon nuclear future: Economic assessment of nuclear materials and spent nuclear fuel management in the UK : Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment . 17 November 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110828063608/http://www.smithschool.ox.ac.uk/a-low-carbon-nuclear-future-economic-assessment-of-nuclear-materials-and-spent-nuclear-fuel-management-in-the-uk/ . 28 August 2011.
  35. News: David King: The nuclear option is scientific necessity. King. David. 16 December 2005. The Guardian. 21 November 2017. en-GB. 0261-3077.
  36. Owen . N. A. . Inderwildi . O. R. . King . D. A. . 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.02.026 . The status of conventional world oil reserves—Hype or cause for concern? . Energy Policy . 38 . 8 . 4743–4749 . 2010 .
  37. Inderwildi . O. R. . King . D. A. . 10.1039/b822951c . Quo vadis biofuels? . Energy & Environmental Science . 2 . 4 . 343 . 2009 .
  38. Web site: Distinguished supporters of Humanism Richard Norman and Colin Blakemore support H4BW . 2022-11-22 . Humanists UK . en.
  39. Web site: Independent SAGE - 14.07.20 . .
  40. Web site: 15 August 2003. Honours and Awards. 24 November 2020. London Gazette.
  41. Web site: David King. 24 November 2020. Royal Society. en-gb.
  42. Web site: The Trick . . 20 October 2022.
  43. Web site: Jane Lichtenstein:'I wasn't trying to escape' . 22 November 2022. telegraph.co.uk.
  44. Web site: 14 June 2002. Order of the British Empire, Civil . 22 November 2022 . the Guardian . en.
  45. "People of Today", Debrett's Peerage Ltd, 2006, p. 912
  46. Web site: Lichtenstein . Jonathan . 2 April 2019. Hans Lichtenstein obituary . 22 November 2022 . the Guardian . en.
  47. Book: King, David . Walker, Gabrielle . The hot topic: how to tackle global warming and still keep the lights on . Bloomsbury . London . 2009 . 978-0-7475-9630-1 .
  48. Book: Energy, Transport, & the Environment - Addressing the Oliver Inderwildi Springer. en.