| Singha Durbar | |
| Location Town: | Kathmandu |
| Location Country: | Nepal |
| Architect: | Kumar Narsingh Rana, Kishor Narsingh Rana[1] |
| Client: | Chandra Shumsher JBR |
| Cost: | Unknown |
| Structural System: | Brick and Mortar |
| Style: | Neoclassical architecture, Palladian architecture, and European styles of architecture |
Singha Durbar (Nepali: सिंहदरवार|lit=Lion's Palace) is a palace in Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal. The palace complex lies in the centre of Kathmandu, to the north of Babar Mahal and Thapathali Durbar and east of Bhadrakali Temple.[2] This palace was built by Chandra Shumsher JBR in June 1908.[3] The palace used to be one of the most exquisite and lavish of palaces in the world until the 1950s. Today it houses buildings of the Nepali Government, including the Pratinidhi Sabha, the Rastriya Sabha and several ministries.
Singha Durbar was built by Chandra Shumsher JBR immediately after his accession to the post of Prime Minister. It was initially a small private residence but grew bigger during construction. Immediately after construction, Chandra Shumsher JBR sold this property to the Government of Nepal for 20 million Nepali rupees as the official residence of the Prime Minister.[3] After his death in 1929, it was used as the official residence of prime ministers of the Rana dynasty except Padma Shumsher JBR, who lived in his own Bishalnagar Durbar. The last Rana Prime Minister to occupy Singha Durbar was Mohan Shumsher JBR. Even after the fall of the Rana Dynasty in 1951, Mohan used this place, but in 1953 he was ordered by His Majesty's Government to leave the palace which became National Property.[3]
After the end of the hereditary Prime Minister system (Ranas) in 2007 B.S., the Government of Nepal used this palace compound to house government offices. The palace compound is occupied by both chambers of the Parliament of Nepal (the Pratinidhi Sabha, or House of Representatives, and the Rashtriya Sabha, or House of the States). It holds 20 ministries and government offices. Singh Durbar is also the headquarters of Radio Nepal and Nepal Television.
The structure was designed by Kumar Narsingh Rana, Kishor Narsingh Rana. The architecture of the palace is a unique example of merging building traditions, including Palladian, Corinthian, Neoclassical mansions along with Baroque architecture.[1] [3]
Before the fire of 1973, Singha Durbar had 7 courtyards and 1700 rooms with marbled floor, painted ceilings, silver furniture and expanses of crystal lighting.[1] [4]
The State Hall is the largest and the most decorated room in this palace. This hall is adorned with foreign imported art pieces like Murano glass crystal chandeliers, Belgian mirrors along with English stained glass doors and Italian marble floors with floral patterns in walls and ceilings.[3]
Juddha Shumsher built Gallery Baithak to meet foreign dignitaries. During that time, ambassadors from friendly countries used to present their credence at the Hanuman Dhoka. Later the Gallery Baithak was used as the parliament building.
On Monday, 9 July 1973, a huge fire broke out in Singha Durbar engulfing all three wings of the palace except the front facing wing . To prevent the front wing from catching fire, cannons destroyed three wings facing North, South and West. After the fire was put out, the whole area was rebuilt on the old foundation.
See main article: April 2015 Nepal earthquake. Singha Durbar was seriously damaged during the April 2015 Nepal earthquake.[5]