Islamic State – Sinai Province Explained

Sinai Province
Native Name:	ولاية سيناء (Wilayah Sīnāʼ)
Native Name Lang:	ar
War:	the Sinai insurgency
Active:	13 November 2014 – 25 January 2023^[1]
Ideology:	Salafism Salafi jihadism Wahhabism Qutbism
Leaders:	Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi (2014-2019) Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi (2019-2022) Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi (2022–2022) Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi (2022–2023) Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi Abu Hajar al-Hashemi (governor/wali) Abu Osama al-Masri^[2] Ashraf Ali Hassanein Gharabali^[3]
Country:	Egypt
Headquarters:	Sinai Peninsula
Area:	Egypt
Size:	1,000–1,500 (2015)^[4] ~1,000 (2023)^[5]
Predecessor:	Ansar Bait al-Maqdis
Partof:
Opponents:	Egypt Israel United States Jund al-Islam
Battles:	Sinai insurgency Gaza-Israel conflict
Designated As Terror Group By:	^[6] ^[7] ^[8]

The Islamic State – Sinai Province (IS-SP; Arabic: الدولة الإسلامية – ولاية سيناء, al-Dawlah al-Islāmiyah – Wilayah Sīnāʼ) ^[9] was a branch of the terrorist Islamist group Islamic State that was active in the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt.

Foundation

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Sinai Province was originally known as Ansar Bait al-Maqdis (ABM) which has been part of the Sinai insurgency and has been especially active in the Sinai Peninsula since 2011 after the deterioration of security there, focusing its efforts on Israel and the Arab gas pipeline to Jordan. After former Egyptian President Mohamed Morsi was deposed in the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état,^[10] Egypt began a crackdown on jihadist groups in Sinai and elsewhere.^[11] ABM and other jihadist groups intensified their campaign of attacks on Egyptian security forces. During 2014, Ansar Bait al-Maqdis (ABM) sent emissaries to IS in Syria to seek financial support, weapons and tactical advice.^[12] On 10 November 2014, many members of ABM took an oath of allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the leader of IS.^{[13] [14]} It adopted the name Sinai Province and has since carried out attacks, mostly in North Sinai, but also in other parts of Egypt.^[4] Security officials say militants based in Libya have established ties with Sinai Province.^[15] On 13 November 2014, ABM dissolved its loyalty to Al-Qaeda and pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the leader of the Islamic State (IS), and adopted the name Sinai Province (Wilayah Sīnāʼ) claiming to be a branch of IS.^{[4] [16]}

Known leaders

It was believed that Abu Osama al-Masri was leader of IS-SP from August 2016 until his death in June 2018, but not much other personal information is available. In March 2021, it was reported that another IS-SP leader, Salim Salma Said Mahmoud al-Hamadin, was killed during clashes with Egyptian and Bedouin forces near Al-Barth, south of Rafah.^[17]

As of the beginning of 2023, the group has been very inactive due to the heavy operations against IS-SP by the Egyptian Army and Sinai Tribes Union, with an IS spokesperson in 2024 declaring ISIS-Sinai as "inactive" in his speech after the 2024 Moscow attack.

Attacks and other activities

See main article: Timeline of the Sinai insurgency.

The group has killed thousands of Egyptian security personnel, and has also been responsible for attacks on civilians, including the killing of Croatian engineer Tomislav Salopek,^[18] in August 2015.

• On 1 July 2015, the group launched a large scale assault in and around the Sinai town of Sheikh Zuweid, eventually being driven back by Egyptian security forces after at least 100 militants and 17 soldiers were killed in the fighting.^[19] According to Brian Fishman of the New America Foundation, the tactics used by the attackers - suicide bombers backed up by direct and indirect fire, mortar fire in combination with small arms, and simultaneous assaults in multiple locations — suggested a transfer of knowledge from IS fighters in Iraq and Syria.^[20]
• The group claimed to have shot three Grad rockets on 3 July 2015 from Sinai to southern Israel near the Gaza Strip. Two rocket hits were confirmed in Eshkol, which did not result in any injury or property damage.^[21] Israel did not respond to the attack.
• On 16 July 2015, the group claimed responsibility for a rocket attack on an Egyptian Navy patrol boat on the north coast of Sinai, close to the Gaza Strip.
• The group claimed responsibility for bringing down Russian aircraft Metrojet Flight 9268, carrying 224 passengers. It was flying to Saint Petersburg from Sharm el-Sheikh on 31 October 2015, when it broke up over Hasna (Egypt), killing all on board.^[22] Data obtained from the airplane black boxes gives credence to the theory that there was a bomb attack.^[23] On 17 November 2015, Russian President Vladimir Putin confirmed that a bomb attack brought down the aircraft.^[24]
• One of the group's leaders, Ashraf Ali Hassanein Gharabali, was shot and killed in a shoot-out with Egyptian security forces in Cairo on 10 November 2015. The Egyptian Interior Ministry linked Gharabali to a string of attacks including an assassination attempt on the Interior Minister.^{[25] [26]}
• The group claimed responsibility for an attack on the Arab gas pipeline on 7 January 2016.^[27]
• In December 2016, the group revealed the name of its governor or wali (leader) to be Abu Hajar al-Hashemi.^{[28] [29]}
• In February 2017, IS-linked operatives launched four Grad rockets from Egyptian territory in Sinai peninsula on the Israeli southernmost city of Eilat, prompting the Israeli Iron Dome system to intercept three of the rockets, with no physical casualties or damage reported, though 11 civilians were brought to hospital to be treated for shock.
• In March 2017, the group released a video^[30] titled "The Light of the Islamic Law", in which they were shown blowing up Egyptian patrols, destroying TV sets, desecrating and detonating graves, executing prisoners and captured Egyptian soldiers, and beheading two old men (one an elder who voiced opposition to IS, and the other a street magician performer).
• It was reported on 21 April 2017 that an Egyptian air raid killed 19 IS fighters, including three unnamed leaders.^[31]
• On July 7, ISIL-Sinai Province militants encircled and ambushed an Egyptian military base in Rafah known as el Barth, 20 Egyptian troops were killed (including colonel Ahmed Mansi) and 3 others wounded. 46 ISIL-Sinai province militants were killed with the loss of 6 vehicles. Most of the base was demolished after a suicidal car bomb.
• On 24 November 2017, In the Bir al-Abed attack jihadists killed 311 people and injured at least 122.^[32]
• On 19 December 2017, one officer was killed and two were injured in a failed assassination attempt on the Minister of Interior Magdi Abdel-Ghaffar and the minister of defense Sedki Sobhy.^[33]
• On 29 December 2017, 11 were killed in the attack on Saint Menas church in Helwan (south of Cairo).^{[34] [35]}
• From 2018 to 2020, 840 militants were killed by Egyptian Security Forces who lost 67 soldiers in return.[141] In March 2020, Egyptian forces managed to kill Abu Fares Al-Ansari, a commander of Ansar Bait al-Maqdis, in Al Ajra' area south of Rafah.[142]
• On 1 May 2020, ISIL claimed responsibility via its Amaq News Agency for a bombing that killed and wounded several Egyptian Army personnel near the city of Bir al-Abd in North Sinai Governorate.[143] In retaliation, Egyptian police managed to kill 18 extremist militants in a raid in northern Sinai Peninsula.[144]
• On 21 July 2020, ISIS captured five villages in Sinai west of Bir al-Abd.[145]
• On 26–28 August 2020, Egypt retook the fives villages and killed 73 ISIS operatives.
• On 1 January 2021, a roadside bomb killed two members of Egypt's security forces and wounded five others near Bir al-Abd in the northern Sinai Peninsula.[146]
• On 9 February 2021, local sources reported that six fighters of the tribal militias supporting the Egyptian regime had been killed and another fighter had been abducted in central Sinai in an ISIS ambush.[147]
• On 22 February 2021, ISIS operatives fired at an Egyptian army patrol south of Sheikh Zuweid, near a roadblock. One soldier was killed and two others were wounded.[148]
• On 27 February 2021, IS operatives exploded an IED targeting an Egyptian foot patrol. The explosion killed 3 Egyptian soldiers including a colonel, Ahmad Abdel Mohsen. One other soldier was also wounded.[149]
• On 11 March 2021, IS claimed responsibility for killing a father and his son because they were 'collaborating' with Egyptian authorities.[150]
• In March 2021, Human Rights Watch accused the Egyptian armed forces of violating international human rights law and committing war crimes by demolishing more than 12,300 residential and commercial buildings and 6,000 hectares of farmland since 2013 in North Sinai.[151]
• On 22 March 2021, The Egyptian forces managed to eliminate Saleem Al-Hamadiin, a veteran commander of ISIS, in a joint operation with the local tribes in the village of Al-Barth, south of Rafah.[152]
• On 5 April 2021, ISIL released photos showing the execution of an alleged spy, who was apparently working for the Egyptian authorities.[153]
• On 17 April, ISIS released footage of them executing a Coptic Christian and 2 other tribal fighters. They issued the execution footage as a 'warning to the Christians of Egypt'. In the same release, they also released videos of sniping and IED attacks and an attack on Egyptian tribal forces, leaving at least 4 tribesmen dead.[154]
• On 1 May, ISIS operatives broke into houses in Al-Amal, south of Al-Arish, searching for suspected collaborators with the Egyptian army. Being unable to find them, they executed three of their relatives[155]
• On 30 May, Colonel Khaled Al-Arian was killed by an ISIS sniper attack on an Egyptian army patrol in Sheikh Zuweid, in northern Sinai. IS also released photos of them executing two alleged 'collaborators', supposedly working with the Egyptian army.[156]
• On 4 June, an Egyptian officer was killed in Sinai: Ahmad Jum'ah, an intelligence officer with the rank of lieutenant colonel, was killed in the detonation of an IED in northern Sinai. The attack was blamed on ISIS.[157]
• On 14 June, a group of ISIS militants including a commander were killed during an Egyptian army raid on a farm in Bir al-Abd.[158]
• On 31 July, ISIS militants ambushed a group of Egyptian soldiers at their security checkpoint in Sheikh Zuweid, northern Sinai. 5 Egyptian soldiers were killed and 6 more were wounded. 3 ISIS militants were also killed in the shootout.[159]
• On 1 August, it was reported that 89 extremists were killed in northern Sinai, compared to eight Egyptian soldiers. Meanwhile, 13 tunnel entrances were destroyed at the borders with the Gaza Strip and Israel.[160]
• On 9 August, an ISIS IED was activated south of Rafah against an Egyptian army vehicle killing Mohammad Abd Motagalli, an Egyptian army colonel.[161]
• On 12 August, the Egyptian armed forces eliminated 13 terrorists in northern and central Sinai. 9 soldiers were killed and wounded during the exchange of fire.[162]
• On 25 August 2 Egyptian soldiers were killed by ISIL snipers whilst conducting operations in northern Sinai.[163]
• On 8 May 2022, ten soldiers and one officer were killed during an attack at a checkpoint at a water pumping station in El Qantara.^[36]
• In August 2022, videos and photographs were circulated over social media, showing how the army-affiliated militias executed three shackled or wounded men in custody. The executions were extrajudicial. Human Rights Watch called for the Egyptian authorities to immediately open a “transparent and impartial investigation” into the violations.^[37]
• In November 18 2022, dozens of IS fighters clashed with the Egyptian army on a government building in Al-Ismailia, in which resulted in killing and wounding 6 members of the Egyptian army and an airstrike on IS fighters.^[38]
• In December 1 2022, IS soldiers killed and wounded 6 members of the Egyptian police in Al-Ismailia governorate.
• In December 31 2022, two gunmen killed and wounded 15 of the Egyptian police in Al-Ismailia governorate.^[39]

See also

• Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Algeria Province
• Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Caucasus Province
• Sinai insurgency
• Ansar Bait al-Maqdis

External links

• Michael Shkolnik, From Marriage of Convenience to Bitter Divorce: The Unraveling Ties Between Hamas and the Islamic State's Sinai Affiliate, January 22, 2018

Notes and References

1. News: The cost of terrorism. 9 February 2023.
2. News: Islamic State's Egypt affiliate urges attacks on judges - recording. Reuters UK. 20 May 2015. 3 October 2015. Kalin. Michael Georgy.
3. Web site: Egypt says top terrorist in ISIS-linked group killed in shootout. CNN. 9 November 2015 . 10 November 2015.
4. News: Sinai Province: Egypt's most dangerous group. BBC News. 24 January 2014 . 3 October 2015.
5. Web site: S/2023/95 . United Nations Security Council . 15 February 2023.
6. Web site: Australian National Security Website .
7. http://www.moha.gov.my/images/maklumat_bahagian/KK/kdndomestic.pdf
8. Web site: Qatar releases first terror list despite ongoing embargo. https://web.archive.org/web/20180327223733/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-03/25/c_137064310.htm . dead . March 27, 2018 . xinhuanet.com.
9. Web site: Designations of Foreign Terrorist Fighters . 2015-09-29 . State.gov . 2017-07-27 .
10. Web site: ISIL's International Expansion: What Does Ansar Bayt Al-Maqdis's Oath of Allegiance Mean? - Foundation for Defense of Democracies . defenddemocracy.org . 25 February 2015 . 10 April 2018.
11. Web site: ISIS leader killed in Sinai, Egypt says. Steve. Visser. 4 August 2016 . 10 April 2018.
12. News: Islamic State Sprouting Limbs Beyond Its Base . . 14 February 2015 . 30 March 2015 . Eric . Schmitt . Eric Schmitt (journalist) . David D. . Kirkpatrick . David D. Kirkpatrick . A1 .
13. News: Militant Group in Egypt Vows Loyalty to ISIS . . 23 November 2014 . 10 November 2014 . David D. . Kirkpatrick . David D. Kirkpatrick . A1 .
14. News: Egypt jihadists vow loyalty to IS as Iraq probes leader's fate . 10 November 2014 . . Ammar . Karim . Samer . al-Atrush . 15 April 2019 . Yahoo News.
15. News: . 16 February 2015 . Egypt strikes back at Islamic State militants after beheading video, killing dozens . Omar . Fahmy . Yara . Bayoumy . 15 April 2019.
16. Web site: Islamic State leader urges attacks in Saudi Arabia: speech. Reuters. 13 November 2014.
17. https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/isis-in-sinai-leader-killed-in-clash-with-egyptian-forces-report-662927 ISIS in Sinai leader killed in clash with Egyptian forces - report
18. Web site: Loveluck . Louisa . Isil claim to have beheaded Croatian hostage in Egypt . Telegraph . 2015-08-12 . 2015-08-29.
19. News: Islamic State attack in Egypt's North Sinai kills more than 100. 1 July 2015. Reuters. 1 October 2015.
20. News: Jihadist Attacks on Egypt Grow Fiercer. The New York Times. 2015-07-01 . 2015-10-02.
21. Web site: IS-linked Sinai terrorists claim latest rocket fire. The Times of Israel. 3 August 2015.
22. Web site: Russian plane crash: Isil claims it 'brought down' airliner that crashed in Sinai with 224 people on board - latest news. https://web.archive.org/web/20151031165612/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/11967725/Russian-plane-crash-Isil-claims-it-brought-down-airliner-that-crashed-in-Sinai-with-224-people-on-board-latest-news.html. dead. 31 October 2015. The Telegraph (uk). 31 October 2015.
23. News: Russian plane black boxes point to 'attack', Putin halts flights. 6 November 2015. AFP. 6 November 2015.
24. News: Putin Says Sinai Plane Crash Was Caused by Terror Attack. 17 November 2015. Bloomberg L.P.. 17 November 2015.
25. Web site: Egypt police kill leading ISIL operative in Cairo - World Bulletin. World Bulletin. 2015-11-10.
26. Web site: Egypt kills top Islamic State operative in Cairo, says interior ministry. Telegraph.co.uk. 9 November 2015 . 2015-11-10.
27. Web site: IS-linked militants claim attack on Sinai pipeline to Jordan. 10 April 2018.
28. Web site: IS in Sinai: We are nearing Israel border, IAF attacking us. timesofisrael.com.
29. Web site: ISIS in Sinai. Nuphar. Shidlovsky. 10 April 2018. 15 November 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171115074747/http://www.jerusalemonline.com/news/middle-east/israel-and-the-middle-east/isis-in-sinai-getting-closer-to-israels-border-every-day-25492. dead.
30. News: IS affiliate releases footage of 'religious policing' in Sinai. Arab. The New. alaraby. 2017-11-26.
31. Web site: Egypt says air raids kill 19 ISIL fighters in Sinai . aljazeera.com . 10 April 2018.
32. News: Militants Kill 305 at Sufi Mosque in Egypt's Deadliest Terrorist Attack. Walsh. Declan. 2017-11-24. The New York Times. 2017-12-24. Youssef. Nour. 0362-4331.
33. News: Islamic State claims air base attack in Egypt's North Sinai. 20 December 2017. Reuters. 2017-12-24.
34. Web site: WRAP-UP: Egypt witnesses sad Friday after Mar Mina church attack . egypttoday.com . 30 December 2017 . 2018-01-03.
35. News: Gunman kills 11 in attacks on Coptic church, Christian-owned shop in E. 30 December 2017. Reuters. 2018-01-03.
36. Web site: 11 Egyptian soldiers killed in armed attack in Sinai . www.aljazeera.com.
37. Web site: Egypt: New Videos of North Sinai Executions. 30 August 2022. Human Rights Watch. 30 August 2022 .
38. News: Egyptian army clashes with IS fighters .
39. News: IS attacks Egyptian police .