| Simon David Manton White | |
| Birth Date: | 1951 9, df=yes |
| Birth Place: | Ashford, Kent, England |
| Spouse: | Guinevere Kauffmann |
| Field: | Astrophysics and cosmology |
| Work Institution: | University of California, Berkeley University of Arizona University of Cambridge Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics |
| Alma Mater: | Jesus College, Cambridge University of Toronto |
| Doctoral Advisor: | Donald Lynden-Bell |
| Thesis Title: | The Clustering of Galaxies |
| Thesis Year: | 1977 |
| Known For: | Cosmological structure formation |
| Prizes: | Helen B. Warner Prize (1986) Heineman Prize (2005) Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (2006) Brouwer Award (2008) Max Born Prize (2010) Shaw Prize (2017) |
Simon David Manton White (born 30 September 1951), FRS, is a British-German astrophysicist. He was one of directors at the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics before his retirement in late 2019.[1]
White studied mathematics at Jesus College, Cambridge in the University of Cambridge (B.A. 1972) and Astronomy at the University of Toronto (MSc 1974). In 1977 he obtained a doctorate in Astronomy under Donald Lynden-Bell entitled "The Clustering of Galaxies" at the University of Cambridge. After a few years at the University of California, Berkeley, the Steward Observatory of the University of Arizona andthe University of Cambridge he was appointed in 1994 as a Scientific Member of the Max Planck Society and as director of the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics in Garching. White has also been research professor at the University of Arizona (1992), guest professor at the University of Durham (1995), honorary professor at the Ludwig-Maximilians University in Munich (1994) and at the Astronomical Observatories of Shanghai (SHAO) (1999) and Beijing (BAO) (2001). White lives in Munich with his wife, the astrophysicist Guinevere Kauffmann. They have one son.[2] In 2016, the day after the Brexit vote, White filed papers to obtain German citizenship.[3]
White has worked primarily on the formation of structure in the Universe. He is known for his contributionsto our understanding of galaxy formation and for his role in helping to establish the viability of thecurrent standard model for the evolution of cosmic structure, the so-called ΛCDM model.
Already at the time of his doctoral work he studied the influence of Dark Matter on the growth of structure and in 1978 he and Martin Rees argued that the properties of galaxies can be understood if theyform by condensation of gas at the centres of extended and hierarchically clustering dark matter halos.[4] This has been the basic paradigm for galaxy formation ever since.
In later years White developed computer models which allowed the growth of galaxies and galaxy clustering tobe simulated directly in order to allow quantitative comparison of theoretical models with astronomicalobservations. His 1983 work with Marc Davis and Carlos Frenk demonstrated that the dark matter could not be made of massive neutrinos, at the time the only known elementary particles which were considered possible candidates.[5] Their subsequent work together with George Efstathiou was particularlyinfluential in establishing that a universe dominated by Cold Dark Matter (a new kind of elementary particle of unknown type) could produce large-scale structurein the galaxy distribution which does closely resemble that observed.[6] A more recent large project wasthe Millennium Simulation, carried out in Garching in 2005 as part of the work of a large internationalcollaboration, the Virgo Consortium. At the time, this was the largest N-body simulation ever carried out, with 10 billion N-body particles representing the dark matter distribution, and using simplified physical recipes to follow the formation and evolution of more than 20,000,000 galaxies throughout a cubic region more than 2 billion light-years on a side.[7]
Work by White has addressed issues of stellar dynamics, of the detailed structureof galaxies and their dark halos, of the processes controlling galaxy formation, of the structure and evolution of galaxy clusters, and of the statistics of galaxy clustering. Papers includethose with Julio Navarro and Carlos Frenk on the "universal" structure of dark matter halos.[8] The Navarro–Frenk–White profile is named after them, and the 1996 and 1997 papers in which they systematically used cosmological N-body simulations to explore its properties are currently White's highest impact theoretical work (with more than 21,000 citations according to Google Scholar). This is because these two papers demonstrated that the characteristic size and density of dark matter halos are tightly related to their mass in a way which depends on, and so can be used to measure, important properties of our universe as a whole, for example, its material content and its spatial curvature, as well as the properties of the initial conditions from which all cosmic structure has grown.
White's more than 500 publications in the refereed professional literature have been cited more than 258,000 times by other scientists (status end-2023 according to Google Scholar).