Hill States of India explained

The Hill States of India were princely states lying in the northern border regions of the British Indian Empire.

History

During the colonial Raj period, two groups of princely states in direct relations with the Province of British Punjab became part of the British Indian Empire later than most of the former Mughal Empire, in the context of two wars and an uprising.

For its princely rulers the informal term Hill Rajas has been coined. It does not apply to other native hill country princes such as the Rawat of Rajgarh. After the independence and split-up of British India, the Hill States acceded to the new Dominion of India and were later divided between India's constituent states of Punjab (proper), Haryana and Himachal Pradesh.

Simla Hills

28 princely states (including feudatory princes and zaildars) in the promontories of the western Himalaya were named after Shimla as the Simla Hill States.^[1] These states were ruled mainly by Hindu Rajputs.^{[2] [3]}

Three quarters of the about 4800sqmi, on both sides of the Sutlej river, was the territory of the Raja (earlier Rana) of Bashahr. The direct tributaries of Bashahr were :

• the Thakur of Khaneti
• the Thakur of Delath

Initially both Khaneti and Delath were feudatory of Kumharsain.

The other, all far smaller, princely states, including a few with some petty dependencies of their own, were further south, on the left bank of the Sutlej :

• the Rana (also styled as Rana Saheb) of Kumharsain. Tributaries of Kumharsain until 1815 were:
  • the Rana of Balsan
  • the Thakur of Madhan
  • the Thakur of Bharauli
• the Thakur of Beja State
• the Rana of Bhaji /Bhajji
• a prince of Bhagat
• the Raja of Bilaspur (formerly Kahlur/Kehloor), entitled to an 11-guns salute
• the Rana of Darkoti
• the Rana (Shri) of Dhami
• the Raja (formerly Rana) of Jubbal, which had two tributaries:
  • the Thakur (sahib) of Dhadi State, initially tributary to Tharoch, then to Bashahr and finally in 1896 to Jubbal.
  • (title?) Rawin = Rawingarh
• the Raja (formerly Rana) of Keonthal, where the feudal pyramid included five zaildars (jagirdars collecting a special tax) :
  • a Jagirdar Gundh
  • a Jagirdar Madhan = Kiari
  • the Rana Sahib of Koti (since 1815)
  • the Thakur Saheb (also styled as Rana) of Ratesh (popularly known as Kot, 'fortress')
  • the Rana of Theog
• the Thakur of Kunihar
• the Rana of Kuthar
• the Thakur of Mahlog
• the Rana of Mangal
• the Raja of Nalagarh
• the Thakur (or Rai Mian) of Sangri State
• the Thakur (originally titled Rana up to the occupation by the Gurkhas; Thakurs from 1815 to 1929) of Tharoch = Tiroch

NB - For various of the entities above, the authentic title of the chieftain is missing. While some of the lowest ranking may have had none, for the princes that can merely be due to insufficient sources available

The princely states of the Simla Hills all ultimately became part of the modern Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.

Demographics

Religious
group! colspan="2"

1901^[4]	1911^[5] ^[6]		1921^[7]		1931^[8]		1941^[9]
	373,886		386,953		292,768		317,390		345,716
	11,535		11,374		9,551		10,017		10,812
	2,223		2,709		2,052		1,308		10
	1,318		2,911		2,040		1,817		2,693
	274		172		142		141		126
	113		224		164		176		161
	0		0		0		1		2
	0		0		0		0		0
Others	0		0		1		0		0
Total population	389,349		404,343		306,718		330,850		359,520

States of the Punjab Hills

Some nearby Hindu and Sikh states include :

• the Maharaja of Kangra,
• the Raja (Saheb) of Chamba, entitled to an 11 gun salute
• the Raja of Mandi,
• the Raja of Suket,
• the Raja of Siba, no salute, as Siba was not fully part of the British Indian Empire, only Siba Jagir (Jagir of Mian Devi Singh) up to Kotla.
• etc.

Sources and external links

• Indian Princely States website
• Punjab State Gazetteer [then Punjab was much larger], vol. VIII, Gazetteer of the Simla Hill States 1910
• Himachal Pradesh State's official website and various links therefrom (click on map or names) to official sites of the state's districts

Notes and References

1. https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V08_239.gif Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 8, p. 233.
2. https://books.google.com/books?id=8tCfhaVcul4C&dq=Katoch+dynasty+rajput&pg=PA33 "Part I: Kangra (1883-1884)", Gazetteer of the Kangra District, 1883-84; reprinted Indus Publ. Co., New Delhi, 1994, p. 33.
3. Book: The Indian Portrait, 1560-1860. 9788189995379. Crill. Rosemary. Jariwala. Kapil. 2010. Mapin Publishing Pvt .
4. Web site: Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province. ]. saoa.crl.25363739 . 30 March 2024 . 1901 . 34.
5. Web site: Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. . saoa.crl.25393788 . 30 March 2024 . 1911 . 27.
6. Web site: Census Of India 1911 Punjab Vol XIV Part II . 30 March 2024 . 1911 . 27 . Kaul, Harikishan.
7. Web site: Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables. . saoa.crl.25430165 . 30 March 2024 . 1921 . 29.
8. Web site: Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. . saoa.crl.25793242 . 30 March 2024 . 1931 . 277.
9. Web site: Census of India, 1941. Vol. 6, Punjab . saoa.crl.28215541 . 30 March 2024 . 1941 . 42.