Nellore Explained

Nellore
Settlement Type:City
Other Name:Vikirama Simhapuri
Nickname:Shrimp Capital of India
Pushpin Map:India#India Andhra Pradesh#India#Asia#Earth
Pushpin Relief:yes
Pushpin Map Caption:Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
Pushpin Label Position:right
Coordinates:14.45°N 79.99°W
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name: India
Subdivision Type1:State
Subdivision Name1:Andhra Pradesh
Subdivision Type2:District
Subdivision Name2:Nellore
Established Title1:Incorporated (Municipality)
Established Date1:1 November 1866
Established Title2:Incorporated (Corporation)
Established Date2:2004
Named For:Indian gooseberry
Government Type:Municipal Corporation
Governing Body:Nellore Municipal Corporation
Leader Name:Vacant
Leader Title1:MLAs
Leader Title4:MP
Leader Name4:Vemireddy Prabhakar Reddy
Unit Pref:Metric
Area Total Km2:149.2
Population As Of:2011
Population Footnotes:[1] [2]
Population Total:6,00,869
Pop Est As Of:2011
Population Rank:4th (in AP)
Population Density Km2:auto
Population Metro Footnotes:[3]
Population Metro:6,00,869
Population Demonym:Nellorean
Demographics Type1:Literacy
Demographics1 Title1:Literates
Demographics1 Title2:Literacy rate
Demographics Type2:Languages
Demographics2 Title1:Official
Demographics2 Info1:Telugu
Timezone1:IST
Utc Offset1:+5:30
Postal Code Type:PIN
Postal Code:524001-524005
Area Code:+91–861
Registration Plate Type:Vehicle registration
Registration Plate:AP-39
Official Name:SPSR Nellore
Native Name:Sri Potti Sri Ramulu Nelluru

Nellore is a city located on the banks of Penna River,[4] in Nellore district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.[5] It serves as the headquarters of the district, as well as Nellore mandal and Nellore revenue division.[6] It is the fourth most populous city in the state. It is at a distance of from Vijayawada and about north of Chennai, Tamil Nadu and also about east-northeast of Bangalore, Karnataka.

Etymology

There are various theories linked to the origin of the name Nellore. A mythological story from Sthala Purana depicts a lingam in the form of a stone under a Phyllanthus emblica, the nelli tree ('emblica tree' in Proto-Dravidian). The place gradually became nelli-ūru (ūru generally stands for 'place' in Telugu) and then to present day Nellore.[7] [8]

History

Nellore had been under the rule of Mauryas, Satavahanas, Cholas, Pallavas, Pandyas, Kharavela of Chedi dynasty, Kakatiyas, Eastern Gangas of Kalinga Empire, Vijayanagara Empire, Arcot Nawabs and other dynasties.

Nellore was ruled by Ashoka of the Mauryan dynasty in the 3rd century BCE. Nellore was conquered by the rulers of the Pallava dynasty and it was under their rule till the 6th century CE, subsequently the Chola rulers ruled Nellore for a long period of time. The Cholas met their decline in the 13th century CE. Tamil inscriptions indicate that it formed part of Chola kingdom till their decline in the thirteenth century CE.[9] It later became a part of Kakatiyas, Vijayanagara Empire, Sultanate of Golconda, Mughal Empire and Arcot Nawab. In 1758 Marathas under the command of Balwant Rao Captured Nellore from Nazibulla.[10] In the 18th century, Nellore was taken over by the British from the Arcot Nawabs and was part of the Madras Presidency of British India.

British rule – Madras Presidency

The first account was produced by John Boswell in 1873 as collector. This report by the British Includes Climate, agriculture, health statistics as well important taxation information. Social structure including important families of Nellore from the 1800s. These included Venketagiri Raja, kalhastri Rajah, The Chundi Zamindhar, The Mutiyalpad Zamindhar, Sayidapur Zamindhar, Jupalli Zamindhars of Udayagiri, Udayagiri Jaghirediar, the Vazella Zamidhars of Gudur, Zamindhars of Ongole, Turrawar Poligar, Tadeboyina Polighar, The Chettiars Polighar, The Udathawar Polighar, The Gangulawar Poighar and Buchireddypalem Family. These families under the British Raj were responsible for the villages and lands in their possession. The British recognized the importance of Nellore in cultivation as well as important port of Krishnapatam.[11] The city had an important role in the emergence of the Telugu language and the formation of the state of Andhra Pradesh. Potti Sriramulu, who fasted until death for the formation of Andhra Pradesh, hailed from Nellore.

Geography

Location

Nellore is located at .[12] [13] It has an average elevation of 18m (59feet).

Climate

The climate of Nellore city can be placed under Tropical Savanna climate category according to Köppen climate classification which has hot and humid summers and warm winters. April and May are the hottest months and the hot conditions generally last until the end of the June. December, January and February are the coolest months. As the Bay of Bengal is at a distance of 24km (15miles) from the city, the sea breeze renders the climate of the city moderate both in winter and in summer. Humidity level in the city is high due to its proximity to the coast. Nellore does not receive the south-west monsoon. Rainfall in Nellore occurs between the months of October and December due to the north-east monsoon. This period gives about 60 percent of the city's annual rainfall. Cyclones are common in the city during this period, causing floods and havoc.[14]

The maximum temperature is 36C46C during summer[15] and the minimum temperature is 23C25C during winter. The rainfall ranges from 700to through South West and North East Monsoons. Nellore is subject both to droughts and to floods based on the seasons.[16]

Demographics

census, Nellore city had a population of 505,258. The average literacy rate stands at 83.59% (male 87.53%; female 79.52%) with 387,192 literates, significantly higher than the state average of 73.00%.[17] [18] The expanded city population, post-merger of 15 gram panchayats into Nellore Municipal Corporation stands at 631,791[19]

Historical population!Year!Population!Growth rate
1961106776---
197113359025.1%
198123706577.5%
199131660633.6%
200140477527.8%
2011558,54835.29%

Education

The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided, and private schools of the School Education Department of the state.[20] [21] The medium of instruction followed by different schools are English and Telugu.[22]

Governance

Civic administration

Nellore Municipal Corporation was constituted as a municipality on 1 November 1866 by the Madras District Municipality Act.[23] [24] It was upgraded to corporation on 18 October 2004 and has a jurisdictional area of 150.48km2 with 54 wards.[25] In 2013, fifteen gram panchayats namely, Allipuram, Ambhapuram, Buja Buja Nellore, Chinthareddypalem, Gudupallipadu, Gundlapalem, Kallurupalli, Kanaparthypadu, Kodurupadu, Narayanareddypeta, Navalakulathota, Nellore Bit-I (Kothuru), Peddacherukuru, Pottipalem, Vavilatepadhu were merged into the municipal corporation.[26] Present mayor of the city is Sravanthi.[27]

The city is one among the 31 cities in the state to be a part of water supply and sewerage services mission known as Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT).[28]

Politics

Nellore is represented by Nellore City assembly constituency and Nellore Rural assembly constituency for Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly. Ponguru Narayana is the present MLA of Nellore City assembly constituency representing Telugu Desam Party.[29] Kotamreddy Sridhar Reddy is the present MLA of Nellore Rural assembly constituency representing Telugu Desam Party.[30] [31]

Culture

The residents of the city are generally referred as Nelloreans.[32] The Rottela Panduga (Roti festival) is an annual urs event celebrated at the Bara Shaheed Dargah (shrine of twelve martyrs) on the banks of Swarnala Cheruvu.[33] The event got its name after the practice of exchanging flat breads and attracts visitors from all religious backgrounds every year and from all over the country and also from foreign countries.[34]

Cuisine

Chepala Pulusu (fish curry) is a non-vegetarian recipe of the Nellore district, prepared from Korramennu.[35] Malai Kaja Nellore Famous Sweet is a local sweet made from maida, milk and sugar.[36]

Amenities

Media

Zaminryot newspaper, established in 1930,[37] and the Lawyer Weekly newspaper are based out of Nellore. In addition, Vaartha AndhraJyothy[38] and Sakshi[39] newspapers are also printing local editions in Nellore.

Transport

See main article: Transport in Nellore.

Local transport in the city include, two, three and four wheelers.[40] Of these, privately operated auto rickshaws numbered around 6,000 in 2017, dominating most parts of the city for local commuting.[41] Nellore bus station of the city operates district and long-distance services.[42] Nellore railway station is classified as an A grade and Adarsh station in the Vijayawada railway division of South Central Railway zone.[43] The city also has three small railway stations namely,,[44] Vedayapalem.[45] and Padugupadu railway station The Southern Railway operates MEMUs regularly for commuting between Nellore and .[46] There is also a proposal to build a no frills airport for the city.[47]

The city has a total road length of 1189.95km (739.4miles).[48] The proposed Outer Ring Road, existing arterial and internal roads helps reduce traffic congestion. The city is connected with major National highways such as, National Highway 16, a part of Asian Highway 45 and Golden Quadrilateral, bypasses the city.[49]

Notable people

Former Chief Ministers of United Andhrapradesh

See also

Notes and References

  1. Integrated Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Management Project: Draft Detailed Project Report for Nellore (CLUSTER V) Nellore Cluster . ((Swachha Andhra Corporation)) . 17 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201017083721/http://sac.ap.gov.in/sac/UserInterface/Downlaods/MSWMReports/DPR%20Nellore.pdf . Government of Andhra Pradesh . 9 June 2019 . 4.0 Brief about the Project Area . 20 . October 2016.
  2. News: Ravikiran. G.. Fertile lands turning into concrete jungle. 18 May 2017. The Hindu. en.
  3. (PDF file download– 5MB)
  4. News: Ravikiran. G.. Lakhs celebrate 'gobbemma festival'. 18 May 2017. The Hindu. en.
  5. (PDF file download– 5MB)
  6. Web site: District Census Hand Book : Guntur (Part A) . . Directorate of Census Operations, Andhra Pradesh . 1 June 2019 . 164 . 2011.
  7. Web site: 'nelli' as a Telugu word . 3755; p.335 . Dravidian Etymological Dictionary (1961) .
  8. Web site: (నిఘంటుశోధన) ఆంధ్రభారతి : 'నెల్లి' .
  9. (1908) The Imperial Gazetteer of India. Volume 19. Nayakanhatti to Parbhani. Clarendon Press. p. 9
  10. Book: Madras, Government of . Gazetteer of the Nellore District: Brought Upto 1938 . 70-71. 2004 . Asian Educational Services . 978-81-206-1851-0 . en.
  11. Book: Boswell . John . A Manual of the Nellore District . 1873 . H. Morgan at the Government Press . 891 . 1.
  12. Web site: Latitude and Longitude of Nellore, Andhra Pradesh Nellore Coordinates. www.mapsofindia.com. 25 March 2016.
  13. Web site: Maps, Weather, and Airports for Nellore, India. fallingrain.com.
  14. Web site: Welcome to Nellore. ap.nic.in. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150131055726/http://nellore.ap.nic.in/geography.htm. 31 January 2015. dmy-all.
  15. News: Nellore and Ongole record season's highest temperatures . 18 May 2019 . Deccan Chronicle . 7 May 2019 . en.
  16. News: District Profile Nellore Municipal Corporation . 28 December 2019 . 23 October 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191023184226/http://nellore.cdma.ap.gov.in/en/district-profile . dead .
  17. Web site: Cities having population 1 lakh and above. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. 26 March 2012.
  18. Web site: Literacy of AP (Census 2011). AP govt. portal. 11 June 2014. 43. https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213923/http://www.ap.gov.in/AP%20State%20Statistical%20Abstract%20May%202014/2%20AP%20Demography.pdf. 14 July 2014. dead. dmy-all.
  19. News: Smart wards: Nellore woos industrialists . The Hindu . 26 January 2015 . Nellore . 25 August 2015.
  20. Web site: School Education Department . School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh . 7 November 2016 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20151227185018/http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf . 27 December 2015 .
  21. Web site: The Department of School Education – Official AP State Government Portal AP State Portal . www.ap.gov.in . 7 November 2016 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20161107155331/http://www.ap.gov.in/department/organizations/school-education/ . 7 November 2016 .
  22. News: Nellore Municipal Corporation school outshines corporate. 9 November 2016. Deccan Chronicle. 23 June 2015.
  23. News: Ravikiran. G.. Fertile lands turning into concrete jungle. 31 October 2016. The Hindu. 1 April 2014. en-IN.
  24. Web site: Municipalities, Municipal Corporations & UDAs. Directorate of Town and Country Planning. Government of Andhra Pradesh. 29 January 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160808132411/http://www.dtcp.ap.gov.in/webdtcp/pdf/List%20of%20ULBs.pdf. 8 August 2016. dead.
  25. Web site: Municipality Profile. Nellore Municipal Corporation. 18 May 2017. en.
  26. Web site: SPSR NELLORE-District Panchayat. www.nellorzp.appr.gov.in. 31 October 2016.
  27. News: Ravi Kiran . G . Civic body gears up to tackle water woes . 30 April 2015. Th Hindu. 12 April 2015 . Nellore.
  28. News: Vadlapatla. Sribala. Amaravati among 31 AP cities selected for Amruth development. 18 December 2015. The Times of India. 11 August 2015. Hyderabad.
  29. Web site: Nellore City Assembly 2014 Election Results. Elections.in. 14 October 2014.
  30. Web site: MLA. AP State Portal. 14 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141008071101/http://www.ap.gov.in/government/mla/. 8 October 2014. dead.
  31. Web site: Nellore City Assembly 2014 Election Results. Elections.in. 14 October 2014.
  32. News: Prasad . P. V. . Gutti Vankaya curry no more a delicacy . 9 June 2019 . The Hans India . 30 November 2016.
  33. News: 'Rottela Panduga' from Nov. 4 in Nellore. G. Ravikiran. The Hindu. 31 October 2014 .
  34. News: 2 lakh devotees throng Bara Shahid dargah. G. Ravikiran. The Hindu. 5 November 2014 .
  35. News: Prasad . P. V. . Cultured korameenu takes sheen off fish curry . 9 June 2019 . The Hans India . 4 March 2017.
  36. News: Prasad . P. V. . Nellore Malai Kaja goes online . 9 June 2019 . The Hans India . 21 April 2016 . Nellore.
  37. News: Zaminryot Home: Longest Living Newspaper in Telegu Journalism. Zaminryot. 9 October 2023. te.
  38. News: వార్త ఆంధ్రజ్యోతి Nellore main edition . te . 9 October 2023 . epaper AndhraJyothy Vaartha-Telugu News.
  39. News: SPSR Nellore . 9 October 2023 . Sakshi . te.
  40. News: Growing number of vehicles cause of traffic chaos in Nellore. 4 July 2017. The Hindu. 13 February 2017. Nellore.
  41. News: ORR proposed for Nellore to decongest city traffic. 4 July 2017. The Hans India. en.
  42. News: Bus stations across AP to be linked to PNBS. 4 July 2017. The Hindu. en.
  43. Web site: Vijayawada Division – a profile. Indian Railways. 13 February 2013.
  44. News: Railways will help develop AP. 4 July 2017. The Hans India. en.
  45. Web site: Nellore South Railway Station . Indian Railways Trains & Stations – India Rail Info. 18 July 2015.
  46. News: Nellore-Central MEMU services from tomorrow. 4 July 2017. 8 November 2002. The Hindu. Chennai.
  47. News: Reddy. B. Dasarath. Traffic rise in old airports gives a boost to Andhra's plan to build 6 new runways. 24 May 2017. Business Standard India. 25 December 2015.
  48. Web site: Details of Roads in each ULB of Andhra Pradesh. Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department. 27 June 2016. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160801101300/http://centralapp.cdma.ap.gov.in:8080/CDMAAPTaxesInfo/RoadDetails.jsp. 1 August 2016. dmy-all.
  49. News: NHAI Under Pressure to Lay Another Bypass Road. https://web.archive.org/web/20140828105832/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/NHAI-Under-Pressure-to-Lay-Another-Bypass-Road/2014/08/25/article2397230.ece. dead. 28 August 2014. 4 June 2016. The New Indian Express. 25 August 2014.