Ruegeria Explained

In taxonomy, Ruegeria is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae. This genus was formerly known as the marine Agrobacterium before they were reclassified in 1998. It bears in fact the name of Hans-Jürgen Rüger, a German microbiologist, for his contribution to the taxonomy of marine species of Agrobacterium.^[1]

Characteristics

The genus is characterised by members who are:^[2]

• Gram-negative (like all Proteobacteria)
• ovoid to rod-shaped cells 0.6–1.6 × 1.0–4.0 μm
• motile by polar flagella, or nonmotile
• non-sporeformers
• aerobic
• oxidase and catalase positive
• are incapable of photosynthetic growth
• bacteriochlorophyll a is absent
• major quinone is ubiquinone 10
• mol% G+C of the DNA is 55–59
• member of the family Rhodobacteraceae, which is phenotypically, metabolically, ecologically diverse and defined based on 16S sequences data

Phylogenetically it is very close to the genus Silicibacter, but the two remain separate species due to phenotypic differences — two species for which this is problematic are Ruegeria lacuscaerulensis and Ruegeria pomeroyi.^{[3] [4]}

Two species that have been removed from the genus are Marinovum algicola (Ruegeria algicola) and Thalassobius gelatinovorus (Ruegeria gelatinovora).^{[and refs therein]}

Small non-coding RNAs

Highly abundant bacterial small RNAs have been shown to be present in the bacteria subjected to chronic nutrient limitation. In Ruegeria pomeroyi RNAseq analysis identified 99 putative sRNAs.^[5] The bacterial sRNAs regulatory mechanisms are typically based on direct RNA-RNA interaction with a target mRNA.^[6] The target gene groups identified by Rivers et al. were genes involved in transport, genes mediating cell-cell interactions, signal transduction and transcriptional regulation.

Further reading

Scientific journals

• Martens T, Heidorn T, Pukall R, Simon M, Tindall BJ, Brinkhoff T . 2006 . Reclassification of Roseobacter gallaeciensis Ruiz-Ponte et al. 1998 as Phaeobacter gallaeciensis gen. nov., comb. nov., description of Phaeobacter inhibens sp. nov., antibiotic-producing members of the Roseobacter clade, reclassification of Ruegeria algicola (Lafay et al. 1995) Uchino et al. 1998 as Marinovum algicola gen. nov., comb. nov., and emended descriptions of the genera Roseobacter, Ruegeria and Leisingera . Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. . 56 . 1293 - 1304 . 16738106 . Pt 6 . 10.1099/ijs.0.63724-0. free .

Scientific books

• Book: Garrity GM, Holt JG . 2001 . Taxonomic Outline of the Archaea and Bacteria . Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Volume 1: The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria . 2nd . DR Boone . RW Castenholz . 155–166 . Springer Verlag . New York . 978-0-387-98771-2 . registration . https://archive.org/details/bergeysmanualofs00boon/page/155 .

Notes and References

1. Uchino Y, Hirata A, Yokota A, Sugiyama J . 1998 . Reclassification of marine Agrobacterium species: proposals of Stappia stellulata gen. nov., comb. nov., Stappia aggregata sp. nov., nom. rev., Ruegeria atlantica gen. nov., comb. nov., Ruegeria gelatinovora comb. nov., Ruegeria algicola comb. nov., and Ahrensia kieliense gen. nov., sp. nov., nom. rev. . . 44 . 3 . 201–210 . 12501429 . 10.2323/jgam.44.201 . free .
2. Book: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 2C. The Proteobacteria. George M. Garrity. Don J. Brenner. Noel R. Krieg. James T. Staley. Springer. New York. 2nd. 978-0-387-24145-6. 1388. July 26, 2005. 1984(Williams & Wilkins). British Library no. GBA561951.
3. YI (H.), LIM (Y.W.) and CHUN (J.): Taxonomic evaluation of the genera Ruegeria and Silicibacter: a proposal to transfer the genus Silicibacter Petursdottir and Kristjansson 1999 to the genus Ruegeria Uchino et al. 1999. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2007, 57, 815-819.
4. MURAMATSU (Y.), UCHINO (Y.), KASAI (H.), SUZUKI (K.) and NAKAGAWA (Y.): Ruegeria mobilis sp. nov., a member of the Alphaproteobacteria isolated in Japan and Palau. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2007, 57, 1304-1309
5. Rivers. Adam R.. Burns. Andrew S.. Chan. Leong-Keat. Moran. Mary Ann. 2016-01-01. Experimental Identification of Small Non-Coding RNAs in the Model Marine Bacterium Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3. Frontiers in Microbiology. 7. 380. 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00380. 1664-302X. 4809877. 27065955. free .
6. Gottesman. Susan. Storz. Gisela. 2011-12-01. Bacterial Small RNA Regulators: Versatile Roles and Rapidly Evolving Variations. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. en. 3. 12. a003798. 10.1101/cshperspect.a003798. 1943-0264. 3225950. 20980440.