Signs of the appearance of the Mahdi explained

The signs of the appearance of the Mahdi are the collection of events, according to Islamic eschatology, that will occur before the arrival of the Mahdi, The signs differ based on Sunni and Shia branches of Islam.

Sunni signs

Mahdi will be the last of the minor signs of the Judgement Day. Therefore all signs of the Judgement Day are also considered as the signs of the appearance of Mahdi.

Minor signs

See main article: Signs of the coming of Judgement Day.

  1. The coming of fitna (tribulations) and removal of khushoo (fearfulness of God, reverence of God, etc.)[1] [2]
  2. A person passing by a grave might say to another the following: "I wish it were my abode."[3] [4]
  3. The loss of honesty, as well as authority put in the hands of those who do not deserve it.[5] [6]
  4. The loss of knowledge and the prevalence of religious ignorance.[7] [8]
  5. Frequent, sudden, and unexpected deaths.[9] [10]
  6. Increase in Al-Harj (pointless killings).[11] [12]
  7. Acceleration of time.[13] [14]
  8. Rejection of the Hadith.[15] [16]
  9. The spread of riba and zina[17] [18] [19] [20] and the drinking of alcohol.[21] [22]
  10. Widespread acceptance of music.[23] [24]
  11. Pride and competition in the decoration of mosques.[25] [26]
  12. Women will increase in number and men will decrease in number so much so that fifty women will be looked after by one man. [7] [8]
  13. Abundance of earthquakes.[27] [28]
  14. Frequent occurrences of disgrace, distortion, public humiliation and defamation.[29]
  15. When people wish to die because of the severe trials and tribulations that they are suffering.[30] [31]
  16. When paying charity becomes a burden.[32] [33]
  17. People will compete in the construction of tall buildings.[27]
  18. Women will appear naked despite their being dressed.[34] [35]
  19. People will seek knowledge from misguided and straying scholars.[36] [37]
  20. Liars will be believed, honest people disbelieved, and faithful people called traitors.[38] [39]
  21. The death of righteous, knowledgeable people.[7]
  22. The emergence of indecency (obscenity) and enmity among relatives and neighbours.[40]
  23. The rise of idolatry and polytheists within the Ummah.[41] [42]
  24. The Euphrates will uncover a mountain of gold.[43] [44]
  25. The land of the Arabs will return to being a land of rivers and fields.[45] [46]
  26. People will increasingly earn money by unlawful (Haram) ways.[47] [48]
  27. There will be much rain but little vegetation.[49]
  28. Evil people will be expelled from Medina.[50] [51]
  29. Wild animals will communicate with humans, and humans will communicate with objects.[52] [53]
  30. Lightning and thunder will become more prevalent.[54]
  31. There will be a special greeting for people of distinction.[40]
  32. Trade will become so widespread that a woman will help her husband in business.[40]
  33. No truly honest man will remain and no one will be trusted.[55] [56]
  34. Only the worst people will be left; they will not know any good nor forbid any evil (i.e. No one will say there is no god but Allah).[54]
  35. Nations will call each other to destroy Islam by any and every means.[40]
  36. Islamic knowledge will be passed on, but no one will follow it correctly.[57] [58]
  37. Muslim rulers will come who do not follow the guidance and tradition of the Sunnah. Some of their men will have the hearts of devils in a human body.[59] [60]
  38. Stinginess will become more widespread and honorable people will perish.[61]
  39. A man will obey his wife and disobey his mother, and treat his friend kindly while shunning his father.[62] [63]
  40. Voices will be raised in the mosques.[64]
  41. The leader of a people will be the worst of them.[64]
  42. People will treat a man with respect because they fear the evil he could do.[64]
  43. Much wine will be drunk.[64]
  44. Muslims shall fight against a nation who wear shoes made of hair and with faces like hammered shields, with red complexions and small eyes.[65] [66]
  45. The emergence of the Sufyani within the Syria region.[67] [68]
  46. The truce and joint Roman-Muslim campaign against a common enemy, followed by al-Malhama al-Kubra (Armageddon), a Roman vs. Muslim war.[69]
  47. The Black Standard will come from Khorasan (see Hadith of black flags), nothing shall turn them back until it is planted in Jerusalem.[70]
  48. Emergence of an army, from Yemen, that will make Islam dominant.[71] [72]
  49. An Arab king will die. There will be disagreement concerning succession. Then a man will emerge from Medina. He will hurry to Mecca, and the people of Mecca will come out to him and urge him and try to force him to accept the Bai'aa. One of the last of the lesser signs, and which will signal the coming of the 10 major signs is the appearance of the Mahdi.[73] [74] [75] [76]
  50. Lunar eclipse on the first night in the month of Ramadhan and solar eclipse in middle of it, with varying interpretations (1st/15th of Ramadhan) or (13th/28th of Ramadhan). It is largely accepted among past scholars.[77]
  51. Successive wars and death of many people in the world[78]
  52. Creation and development of science and knowledge in Qom[79]
  53. Increasing injustice and corruption in the world[80]
  54. People will fornicate on the roads "like donkeys".
  55. A pleasant breeze will blow from the south that shall cause all believers to die peacefully.

Shia signs

According to some narrations, there are five certain signs that will occur prior to the appearance of the Mahdi. The hadith of Ja'far al-Sadiq mentions these signs: "the appearance of Sufyani and Yamani, the loud cry in the sky, the murder of Nafs-e-Zakiyyah, and the earth swallowing (a group of people) in the land of Bayda which is a desert between Mecca and Medina.[81] [82]

Loud Cry in the Sky

Gabriel will shout loudly and it will be heard from the sky and in other interpretations it is stated to be that "...some of the people of Mecca will come to him, bring him out against his will and swear allegiance to him between the Corner and the Maqam...". Hence, that loud cry may be actually from the people present at the Kaaba on that particular day.

Appearance of Sufyani

See main article: Sufyani. According to some narrations Sufyani, one of the descendants of Abu Sufyan, will arise before Mahdi's appearance. He has been depicted as an outwardly devout man that will take care to remember Allah at all times. But in reality he will be the most wicked man in the world. He will upraise during the Rajab. After he realizes that Mahdi has appeared, he will send away an army to fight him. Some books say that the army of Sufyani before getting to the army of Mahdi will sink into the earth in the Bayda, a desert between Mecca and Medina.[83] [84] [85] The appearance of Sufyani is mentioned in both Shia and Sunni narrations.[86]

Appearance of Yamani

See main article: Al-Yamani (Shiism). In some narrations, the appearance of Yamani is mentioned as one of the certain signs of twelfth Imam's reappearance.[87] [88] The fifth Shia Imam, Muhammad al-Baqir, described Yamani in detail in a hadith:"... among these individuals (Sufyani, Yamani and Khorasani) the Yamani is the closest to guidance, for he calls the people to join the Mahdi. When he rises, the trading of weapons will be prohibited for every Muslim. When he rises, join him immediately, for his flag is the flag of guidance and prosperity and no Muslim should oppose it. Any one who does so will go to hell, because the Yamani calls to the right path." Some sources mention that the Yamani and the Khurasani will be allied against the Sufyani.[89]

The loud cry in the sky

See main article: The voice from sky. The third certain sign that is mentioned in the above narration is the loud cry in the sky. According to tradition two cries will be heard. In the first of them Gabriel will call the name of Al-Qa'im and his father and say that truth is with Ali and his Shia. All people will hear Jibreel's cry in their own language.[90] In a tradition of Ja'far al-Sadiq that is narrated by Zurarah ibn A'yan, it is said that after this cry Shaitan will call certainly, so and so and their followers are victorious ones and his meaning is a man from Banu Umayya. He adds that the person who make the first cry says the truth.[91]

The murder of Nafs al-Zakiyyah

See main article: Al-Nafs al-Zakiyyah. Al-Nafs al-Zakiyyah will be one of the descendants of Husayn ibn Ali.[92] He will be without any sin or crime; yet he will be murdered. According to many narrations, he will be the envoy of Mahdi to Mecca before his reappearance. When he arrives in Mecca and delivers his message, the people of Mecca will slay him near the Kaaba.

Earth sinking in the land of Bayda

See main article: Khasf al-Bayda. The sinking of Sufyani's army into the earth is a certain sign of reappearance of Mahdi. In addition to above-mentioned hadith of Ja'far Sadiq, in a hadith Ali ibn Abi Talib mentions that Sufyani's army will sink into the earth, and be swallowed up, in the land of Bayda.[93] [94]

See also

References

Notes and References

  1. [Sahih Muslim]
  2. Web site: Sahih Muslim 118 – The Book of Faith – كتاب الإيمان – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) . 2022-04-15 . sunnah.com.
  3. [Sahih Muslim]
  4. Web site: Sahih Muslim 157k – The Book of Tribulations and Portents of the Last Hour – كتاب الفتن وأشراط الساعة – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) . 2022-04-15 . sunnah.com.
  5. [Sahih al-Bukhari|Sahih Bukhari]
  6. Web site: Sahih al-Bukhari 6496 – To make the Heart Tender (Ar-Riqaq) – كتاب الرقاق – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) . 2022-04-15 . sunnah.com.
  7. [Sahih al-Bukhari|Sahih Bukhari]
  8. Web site: Sahih al-Bukhari 81 – Knowledge – كتاب العلم – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) . 2022-04-15 . sunnah.com.
  9. [Sahih Muslim]
  10. Web site: Sahih Muslim 2947b – The Book of Tribulations and Portents of the Last Hour – كتاب الفتن وأشراط الساعة – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) . 2022-04-15 . sunnah.com.
  11. [Sahih al-Bukhari|Sahih Bukhari]
  12. Web site: Sahih al-Bukhari 7062, 7063 – Afflictions and the End of the World – كتاب الفتن – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) . 2022-04-15 . sunnah.com.
  13. [Sahih al-Bukhari|Sahih Bukhari]
  14. Web site: Sahih al-Bukhari 1036 – Invoking Allah for Rain (Istisqaa) – كتاب الاستسقاء – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) . 2022-04-15 . sunnah.com.
  15. [Sunan Abu Dawood|Sunan Abu Dawud]
  16. Web site: Sunan Abi Dawud 4604 – Model Behavior of the Prophet (Kitab Al-Sunnah) – كتاب السنة – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) . 2022-04-15 . sunnah.com.
  17. Encyclopedia: HOMOSEXUALITY ii. IN ISLAMIC LAW. Encyclopædia Iranica. Columbia University. New York. 13 April 2021. Rowson. Everett K.. 30 December 2012. Everett K. Rowson. 15 December 2004. XII/4. 441–445. 2330-4804. https://web.archive.org/web/20130517035334/https://iranicaonline.org/articles/homosexuality-ii. 17 May 2013. While there are no references to homosexuality in the hadith collections of Boḵāri and Moslem, and no hadith at all reporting an actual occasion in which the Prophet dealt with it in any way, the other “canonical” collections do record, in various forms, his condemnation of the “act of the people of Lot,” usually in the form of a command to “Kill both the active and passive partner.” Non-canonical hadith add little more, except for one labeling sexual relations between women (sehāq) a form of fornication (zenā) and another declaring that men marrying boys will be one of the signs of the eschaton. All the relevant hadith are conveniently brought together in a series of monographs attacking the sin of sodomy (ḏamm al-lewāt), the earliest of which is that of al-Hayṯam b. Ḵalaf Duri (d. 307/919) but which were still being produced as late as the eleventh/seventeenth century.. live.
  18. For further informations, see the concept of Sotadic Zone, which includes both the Arab and Islamic world. See also Child sexual abuse, Sexual exploitation of children, Bacha bazi, and The Dancing Boys of Afghanistan.
  19. For further informations, see the articles Capital punishment in Islam, LGBT in Islam, Lut (prophet in Islam), and Sexual taboo in the Middle East.
  20. For further informations, see the articles Cousin marriage in Islam, Cousin marriage in the Middle East, and Mahram.
  21. [Sahih Muslim]
  22. Web site: Sahih Muslim 2937a – The Book of Tribulations and Portents of the Last Hour – كتاب الفتن وأشراط الساعة – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) . 2022-04-15 . sunnah.com.
  23. [Sahih al-Bukhari|Sahih Bukhari]
  24. Web site: Sahih al-Bukhari 5590 – Drinks – كتاب الأشربة – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) . 2022-04-15 . sunnah.com.
  25. [Sunan ibn Majah|Sunan Ibn Majah]
  26. Web site: Sunan Ibn Majah 739 – The Book On The Mosques And The Congregations – كتاب المساجد والجماعات – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) . 2022-04-15 . sunnah.com.
  27. [Sahih al-Bukhari|Sahih Bukhari]
  28. Web site: Sahih al-Bukhari 7121 – Afflictions and the End of the World – كتاب الفتن – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) . 2022-04-15 . sunnah.com.
  29. [Al-Adab al-Mufrad|Al-Adab Al-Mufrad]
  30. [Sahih al-Bukhari|Sahih Bukhari]
  31. Web site: Sahih al-Bukhari 7115 – Afflictions and the End of the World – كتاب الفتن – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) . 2022-04-15 . sunnah.com.
  32. [Sahih al-Bukhari|Sahih Bukhari]
  33. Web site: Sahih al-Bukhari 7120 – Afflictions and the End of the World – كتاب الفتن – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) . 2022-04-15 . sunnah.com.
  34. [Sahih Muslim]
  35. Web site: Sahih Muslim 2128b – The Book of Paradise, its Description, its Bounties and its Inhabitants – كتاب الجنة وصفة نعيمها وأهلها – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) . 2022-04-15 . sunnah.com.
  36. [Sahih al-Bukhari|Sahih Bukhari]
  37. Web site: Sahih al-Bukhari 100 – Knowledge – كتاب العلم – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) . 2022-04-15 . sunnah.com.
  38. [Sunan ibn Majah|Sunan Ibn Majah]
  39. Web site: Sunan Ibn Majah 4036 – Tribulations – كتاب الفتن – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) . 2022-04-16 . sunnah.com.
  40. Musnad Ahmad
  41. [Jamiʽ al-Tirmidhi|Jami` at-Tirmidhi]
  42. Web site: Jami' at-Tirmidhi 2219 – Chapters On Al-Fitan – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) . 2022-04-16 . sunnah.com.
  43. [Sahih Muslim]
  44. Web site: Sahih Muslim 2894a – The Book of Tribulations and Portents of the Last Hour – كتاب الفتن وأشراط الساعة – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) . 2022-04-16 . sunnah.com.
  45. [Sahih Muslim]
  46. Web site: Sahih Muslim 157c – The Book of Zakat – كتاب الزكاة – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) . 2022-04-16 . sunnah.com.
  47. [Sahih al-Bukhari|Sahih Bukhari]
  48. Web site: Sahih al-Bukhari 2059 – Sales and Trade – كتاب البيوع – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) . 2022-04-16 . sunnah.com.
  49. Reported by Anas and declared Sahih by Hasan al Albani
  50. [Sahih Muslim]
  51. Web site: Sahih Muslim 1381 – The Book of Pilgrimage – كتاب الحج – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) . 2022-04-16 . sunnah.com.
  52. [Jamiʽ al-Tirmidhi|Jami` at-Tirmidhi]
  53. Web site: Jami' at-Tirmidhi 2181 – Chapters On Al-Fitan – كتاب الفتن عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) . 2022-04-16 . sunnah.com.
  54. Ahmad
  55. [Sahih al-Bukhari|Sahih Bukhari]
  56. Web site: Sahih al-Bukhari 7086 – Afflictions and the End of the World – كتاب الفتن – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) . 2022-04-16 . sunnah.com.
  57. [Jamiʽ al-Tirmidhi|Jami` at-Tirmidhi]
  58. Web site: Jami' at-Tirmidhi 2653 – Chapters on Knowledge – كتاب العلم عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) . 2022-04-16 . sunnah.com.
  59. [Sahih Muslim]
  60. Web site: Sahih Muslim 1847a – The Book on Government – كتاب الإمارة – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) . 2022-04-16 . sunnah.com.
  61. Mujamma'uz-Zawaa'id 7/327
  62. [Jamiʽ al-Tirmidhi|Sunan al-Tirmidhi]
  63. Web site: Jami' at-Tirmidhi 2210 – Chapters On Al-Fitan – كتاب الفتن عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) . 2022-04-16 . sunnah.com.
  64. Sunan al-Tirmidhi
  65. [Sahih Muslim]
  66. Web site: Sahih Muslim 2912e – The Book of Tribulations and Portents of the Last Hour – كتاب الفتن وأشراط الساعة – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) . 2022-04-17 . sunnah.com.
  67. [Sahih Muslim]
  68. Web site: Sahih Muslim 2898b – The Book of Tribulations and Portents of the Last Hour – كتاب الفتن وأشراط الساعة – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) . 2022-04-17 . sunnah.com.
  69. Narrated with sound chains from Dhu Mikhbar al-Najashi by Abu Dawud, Ahmad, Ibn Majah, Ibn Hibban, and al-Hakim who declared it sahih and al-Dhahabi concurred. See Shaykh Shu`ayb Arna'ut's documentation of this hadith in his edition of Sahih Ibn Hibban (15:101–103 #6708–6709).
  70. [Jamiʽ al-Tirmidhi|Sunan At-Tirmidhi]
  71. [Hadith of Aden-Abyan]
  72. Web site: Hadeeth about 12,000 coming out of Aden-Abyan. 2018-12-18. islamweb.net.
  73. [Sunan Abu Dawood|Sunan Abu-Dawud]
  74. Book: Richardson, Joel. Antichrist: Islam's Awaited Messiah. 7 April 2006. Pleasant Word-A Division of WinePress Publishing. 9781414104409. 284.
  75. Book: Jon R. Stone. Expecting Armageddon: Essential Readings in Failed Prophecy.
  76. Web site: Sunan Abi Dawud 4286 – The Promised Deliverer (Kitab Al-Mahdi) – كتاب المهدى – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) . 2022-04-17 . sunnah.com.
  77. Al-Muttaqi al-Hindi (d. 975 AH) [Al-Burhan fi Alamāt al-Mahdī Aakhir al-Zaman, pg. 45-46], Siddiq Hasan Khan (d. 1307 AH), [Hujuj ul Kiramah pg. 344], Hāfiẓ Muḥammad ibn Barakallāh Lakhnawī (d. 1310 AH) [Ahwaal ul Akikrat pg. 31], Khwaja Ghulam Farid (d. 1319 AH) [Isharat-e-Fridi pg. 70-72]
  78. Montakhab al-Asar, Page 560
  79. Montakhab al-Asar, Page 443
  80. [Bihar al-Anwar]
  81. Mikyalul Makarim fee Fawaaid al-Duaa lil Qa'im, Page v2
  82. al-shia.org
  83. Gheybah of Nu’mani, Page 9
  84. Amini, Chapter 10
  85. Al-Kourani, Page 30
  86. Hashemi Shahidi, Page 524
  87. [Shaykh Tusi]
  88. en.abna24.com
  89. Leghaei
  90. Hosayni Mutlaq
  91. Gheybah of Nu’mani, Page 246
  92. [Tafsir Ayyashi]
  93. Gheybah of Nu’mani, Page 279
  94. Sadr, Page 648

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