Siangic languages should not be confused with Siang language.
| Siangic | |
| Also Known As: | Koro-Holon |
| Region: | Arunachal Pradesh |
| Familycolor: | Sino-Tibetan |
| Fam1: | Sino-Tibetan? |
| Fam2: | Greater Siangic? |
| Child1: | Koro |
| Child2: | Milang |
| Glotto: | koro1317 |
| Glottorefname: | Koro–Holon |
The Siangic languages (or Koro-Holon languages[1]) are a small family of possibly Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in Arunachal Pradesh, northeast India. The Siangic languages consist of Koro and Milang.
Milang, which has been extensively influenced by Padam (a Tani language), is alternatively classified as a divergent Tani language (Post & Blench 2011). Koro has undergone influence from Hruso (Post & Blench 2011). However, Milang and Koro do not belong to either the Tani or Hrusish groups of languages.
It is unclear whether the Siangic is a branch of Sino-Tibetan or an independent language family that has undergone extensive Sino-Tibetan influence. Post & Blench (2011) note that Siangic has a substratum of unknown origin, and consider Siangic to be an independent language family. Anderson (2014),[1] who refers to Siangic as Koro-Holon instead, considers Siangic (Koro-Holon) to be a branch of Sino-Tibetan rather than an independent language family.
The following Proto-Siangic forms reconstructed by Mark Post & Roger Blench (2011:8-9) do not have lexical parallels with Proto-Tani, and are unique to the Siangic branch.
| Gloss | Proto-Siangic | Milang | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (negator suffix) |
| -ŋa | -ŋə | |
| (desiderative suffix) |
| -mi | -mi | |
| give |
| rã | ram | |
| know |
| fu | hu | |
| ant |
| pa-su | paŋ-kər | |
| chicken |
| co-le | a-cu | |
| stone |
| u-bu | da-bu | |
| ear |
| rã | ra-ɲu | |
| mouth |
| sa-pu | caŋ-ci | |
| buttocks |
| kɨɻ | ki-ruŋ | |
| pus |
| i-ni | a-nɨ | |
| day |
| me-ne | a-nə | |
| sun |
| me-ne | mə-ruŋ[2] | |
| seven |
| rõ | raŋal | |
| eight |
| rã-la | rajəŋ | |
| ten |
| fã-lã | haŋ-tak | |
| axe |
| rak-pa | ra-pu | |
| grandfather |
| abo-murzi | a-bə (bu-ku ~ ma-zaŋ) | |
| grandmother |
| aje-mɨsiŋ | a-dzi (dzi-ku) | |
| sand |
| bu-pi | bu-pi | |
| yesterday |
| ba-n(e) | ba-nə | |
| have (be there) |
| ko | cu | |
| bamboo |
| fu | a-hu | |
| egg |
| cu-ci | ci-ci | |
| what |
| (h)igi-na | ha-ga-nu | |
| cultivated field |
| pu | a-pu | |
| rice paddy |
| ki-raka | du-kɨ | |
| green |
| jã-ca | jə-caŋ | |
| small |
| u-ŋa | u-lee | |
| sister, older |
| o-fo | a-u | |
| root |
| ne-raŋ | ta-pɨr[3] | |
| ripe |
| i-ŋi | man[4] | |
| tell |
| pu-s(u) | po-lu |
Modi (2013)[5] lists the following Proto-Siangic forms, along with forms for Milang, Koro, Idu, Taraon, and Proto-Tani. Additional cognate sets that were not included in Post & Blench (2011) include black, house, salt, fat, and today.
| Gloss | Proto-Siangic | Proto-Tani | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| today |
| se-ne | ɨ-nə | a tia-n̥n | e tia-ɲi |
| |
| seven |
| rã | ra-ŋal | weŋ, ɨ-eŋ | i-ɦoŋ |
| |
| ear |
| rã | ra-ɲu | kru-naŋ | akru-na, ako-na |
| |
| give |
| rã | ram | haŋ | haŋ |
| |
| axe |
| rak-pa | ra-pu | pa | e-pa |
| |
| eight |
| rãla | ra-jɛŋ | liɨm | i-lioŋ |
| |
| salt |
| plo | ta-pu | pla | pra |
| |
| ant |
| pa-su | paŋ-kər | paː-chai | pa-si |
| |
| day |
| me-ne | a-nə | kɨ-n | i-ni |
| |
| house |
| ŋɨn | a-ɲuk | aŋ | oŋ |
| |
| sun |
| me-ne | mə-ruŋ | rɨn | rɨŋ, rɨn |
| |
| black |
| ma | je-gjaŋ | ma | ma | ||
| white |
| lap(l)õ | je-cci | lio | lio |
| |
| rice |
| ki-raka | du-kɨ | kie | ke |
| |
| bamboo |
| fu | ahu | hui | a bra li |
| |
| know |
| fu | hu | ka-sa | ka-sa |
| |
| fat |
| fõ, u-fu | a-hu | ta-so | so |
| |
| ten |
| fã-lã | haŋ-tak | xa-lɨŋ | hoŋ-ɦoŋ |
| |
| egg |
| cuci | cici | a(ː)-tei | meto cu |
| |
| fowl/chicken |
| co-le | a-cu | tiu | me-to |
| |
| mouth |
| sa-pu | caŋ-ci | tʰɨ-rɨm-bram, thɨ-rɨn | tʰɨ-ram-bram, eko-be |
| |
| sand |
| bu-pi | sa-pi | ta-pi | a-pi | sulli (Padam) | |
| yesterday |
| ba-ne | ba-nə | bɨ-liɨŋ | bɨ-ɲi |
|