Shura Council (Yemen) Explained

Shura Council
Native Name:مجلس الشورى
Native Name Lang:ara
Transcription Name:Majlis ash-Shūrā
Coa Pic:Emblem of Yemen.svg
Coa Res:120px
Coa Alt:Emblem of Yemen
Foundation:20 February 2001
Members:111
House Type:Upper house
Body:Parliament of Yemen
Leader1 Type:Speaker
Leader1:Ahmed Obaid Bin Dagher
(Aden government)
Muhammad Hussein al-Aidarous (Sanaa government)
Voting System1:Direct appointment by the president

The Shura Council or Consultative Council (Arabic: مجلس الشورى|Majlis ash-Shūrā) is the upper house of the parliament of Yemen,[1] with the lower house being the House of Representatives. Unlike the House it does not take on a legislative role,[2] instead primarily being charged with an advisory role to the president. Per the constitution it has 111 members who are appointed by the president.[3] [4] There currently exist two Shura Councils as a result of the civil war, one in Sanaa aligned with the Houthis, and one aligned with the Presidential Leadership Council in Aden.

History

The Shura Council was established on 20 February 2001 by amendments to the constitution.[5] Following the amendments, then-president Ali Abdullah Saleh appointed 111 members to the new council on 28 April 2001.[6] As a result of the civil war, two bodies use the name of the Shura Council: One is based in Sanaa[7] under Houthi control,[8] with the other aligned with the Presidential Leadership Council, based in Aden.[9] Some proposals have come forward to make changes to it: in 2015 it was proposed to expand the membership of the council,[10] while in the same year it was also proposed during talks with the UN that the Shura Council be replaced with a transitional upper house which would consist more of underrepresented groups.[11]

Role

The constitution outlines a number of duties for the Shura Council, primarily consisting of consultative roles to the president,[12] though also including a role in the presidential election process: presidential nominees are vetted for qualifications by, and confirmed in joint sessions of the Council and the House of Representatives.[13] The constitution also creates a number of qualifications for candidates to the Council, and provides for the method of selection thereto:The Council also meets with the House to vote on budgets and treaties, among other purposes as outlined by the President.

Leadership

The leader of the council is known as the Speaker. Currently this role is fulfilled in the Aden-based council by Ahmed Obaid bin Dagher,[14] who was appointed in 2021 along with two deputies, Abdullah Muhammad Abu Al-Ghaith and Taha Abdullah Jaafar Aman. This decision was criticized, however, by the Southern Transitional Council, as undermining the Riyadh Agreement.[15] The speaker of the Sanaa council is Muhammad Hussein al-Aidarous.[16]

Former speakers since establishment:

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. 125. Yemen. 1990 rev. 2015.
  2. Web site: Whitaker . Brian . Brian Whitaker . Yemen's Consultative Council, 1997 . Al-Bab.com . 1 October 2022 . 1 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221001020048/https://al-bab.com/yemens-consultative-council-1997 . live .
  3. Web site: Yemen (12/07) . . Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs . 1 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221001015434/https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35836.htm . 1 October 2022 . United States . live.
  4. 126. Yemen. 1990 rev. 2015.
  5. Web site: Constitutional history of Yemen . ConstitutionNet . 1 October 2022 . 1 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221001082016/https://constitutionnet.org/country/yemen . live .
  6. Web site: Yemen's Consultative Council, 2001 . 2022-10-22 . al-bab.com . en . 22 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221022192220/https://al-bab.com/yemens-consultative-council-2001 . live .
  7. News: Shura council condemns UN decision designating Ansar Allah on list of violators of children's rights . 17 October 2022 . Yemen Press Agency . 19 June 2021 . https://archive.today/20221017224113/https://en.ypagency.net/225385/ . 17 October 2022 . Sanaa, Yemen . live.
  8. News: Kabalan . Marwan . Why Saudi Arabia's foreign policy is failing . 17 October 2022 . . 21 November 2018 . aj-houthi . Yet, it was the Houthis’ takeover of the Yemeni capital Sanaa in September 2014, that shook Saudi Arabia to the core. . 17 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221017071922/https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2018/11/21/why-saudi-arabias-foreign-policy-is-failing . live .
  9. News: Yemen MPs in Aden Ahead of Voting in Presidential Council, Govt . 17 October 2022 . . 18 April 2022 . 17 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221017230844/https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/3597876/yemen-mps-aden-ahead-voting-presidential-council-govt . live .
  10. News: Yemen to amend draft constitution; expand Shura Council . 1 October 2022 . . 21 January 2015 . 1 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221001213504/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/politics/yemen-to-amend-draft-constitution-expand-shura-council/81977 . live .
  11. News: Yemen feuding parties agree on transitional council . 1 October 2022 . . 20 February 2015 . 8 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200808105116/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/02/yemen-feuding-parties-agree-transitional-council-150220065456873.html . live .
  12. Web site: Yemen . . 1 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190522174954/https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2018/yemen . 22 May 2019 . dead.
  13. 108. Yemen. 1990 rev. 2015.
  14. Web site: Speaker of Shura Council meets with Swedish envoy to Yemen . . 1 October 2022 . Yemen . 2 April 2022 . 1 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221001074438/https://www.mofa-ye.org/Pages/17002/ . live .
  15. News: Rabea . Ali . Yemen's Hadi Appoints New Head of Shura Council, Attorney General, Cabinet Secretary . 1 October 2022 . . 17 January 2021 . aaw-offices . 1 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221001074433/https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/2746991/yemen%E2%80%99s-hadi-appoints-new-head-shura-council-attorney-general-cabinet-secretary . live .
  16. Web site: The Speaker of the Shura Council congratulates the Leader of the Revolution and the President of the Political Council on the October 14 Revolution . Shura Council of Yemen . 14 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221014221010/https://shoora.gov.ye/2022/10/13/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89-%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A6-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A/ . 14 October 2022 . Arabic . 13 October 2022 . live.
  17. Web site: ASSECAA . www.assecaa.org.
  18. Web site: الجمهورية اليمنية :: مجلس الشورى :: الصفحة الرئيسية . web.archive.org . 16 October 2011.
  19. Web site: رئيس مجلس الشورى اليمني – مجلس الشورى اليمني . web.archive.org . 25 May 2022.

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